Content deleted Content added
LucasBrown (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
|||
Line 1:
{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=May
{{Infobox rail network
|name = Italy
Line 129:
| caption2 = Network as of 20 September 1870
}}
The first line to be built on the peninsula was the [[Naples–Portici railway line|Naples–Portici line]], in the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]], which was {{convert|7.64|km|abbr=on}} long and was inaugurated on 3 October 1839, nine years after the world's first "modern" inter-city railway, the [[Liverpool and Manchester Railway]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/la-dolce-vita-italy-rail-1839-1914|title=La Dolce Vita? Italy By Rail, 1839-1914 {{!}} History Today|website=History Today|access-date=29 December 2019
After the creation of the [[Kingdom of Italy]] in 1861, a project was started to build a network from the [[Alps]] to [[Sicily]], in order to connect the country. After unification, construction of new lines was boosted: in 1875, with the completion of the section [[Orte]]-[[Orvieto]], the direct [[Florence–Rome railway|Florence–Rome line]] was completed, reducing the travel time of the former route passing through [[Foligno]]-Terontola.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.trenidicarta.it/aperture.html|title= Prospetto cronologico dei tratti di ferrovia aperti all'esercizio dal 1839 al 31 dicembre 1926|publisher= Ufficio Centrale di Statistica delle Ferrovie dello Stato|date = 1927|access-date = 11 May 2023}}</ref> Private companies were definitively bought back by the Italian state on 1 July 1905, with the creation of the [[Ferrovie dello Stato]] (State Railways), or FFSS, with a total of {{convert|10,557|km|abbr=on}} of lines, of which it already owned {{convert|9686|km|abbr=on}}. The move was completed the following year with the acquisition of the remaining SFM network: by then FFSS possessed {{convert|13,075|km|abbr=on}} of lines, of which {{Cvt|1917|km}} with double tracks.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gian Guido Turchi |title=Strade Ferrate Meridionali: ultimo atto |year=2006 |publisher=Edizioni ETR|language=it|pages=13–14}}</ref>
Line 139:
After World War II, Italy started to repair the damaged railways, and built nearly {{convert|20000|km|abbr=on}} of new tracks. Entire lines were out of action and much of the rolling stock destroyed. Thanks to the [[Marshall Plan]], in the following years they could be rebuilt, although the possibility of reorganizing the network was missed due to short-sighted policies.<ref>{{Cite book|author1=Paolo Lavadas |author2=Mauro Luoni |title=1861-2011, 150°, L'unità d'Italia attraverso le ferrovie |year=2011 |publisher=Editoriale del Garda|page=21|language=it}}</ref> The fundamental line [[Battipaglia]]-[[Reggio Calabria]] was doubled, while a program of updating of infrastructures, superstructures, services, colour-light signalling and cars was updated or extended. The three-phase lines were gradually turned into standard 3,000 V dc lines.
Increasing numbers of steam locomotives were replaced by electric or diesel ones; in the 1960s also the first unified passenger cars appeared and the first attempts of interoperability with foreign companies were started, culminating in the creation of [[Trans Europe Express]] services. Nowadays the [[rail tracks]] and infrastructure are managed by [[Rete Ferroviaria Italiana]] (RFI),<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.rfi.it| title=Ferrovie dello Stato| language=it| access-date=
==High-speed rail==
{{Main|High-speed rail in Italy}}
[[File:Frecciarossa 1000 nuova livrea.jpg|thumb|[[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane|FS]]' [[Frecciarossa 1000]] high speed train at [[Milano Centrale railway station]], with a maximum speed of {{convert|400|km/h|0|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Frecciarossa 1000 in Figures |url=http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000:-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures |publisher=Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane |access-date=24 November 2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218192603/http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000%3A-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures |archive-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> is one of the fastest trains in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train/ |title=Frecciarossa 1000 Very High-Speed Train |website=Railway Technology |access-date=5 May 2016
[[File:FS ETR.500 pair, Firenze S.M.N. (1).JPG|thumb|A pair of FS' [[ETR 500]] at [[Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station]]. The version ETR 500 Y1 achieved {{convert|362|km/h|abbr=on}} on the Bologna-Florence line on 4 February 2009, a new world speed record in a tunnel.<ref name="FS355record">{{cite web |url=http://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_febbraio_04/treno_record_galleria_8806fdfa-f2ce-11dd-8878-00144f02aabc.shtml |title=Due record in prova per il Frecciarossa |date=4 February 2009
High-speed trains were developed during the 1960s. [[FS Class E444|E444]] locomotives were the first standard locomotives capable of top speed of {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, while an [[ALe 601]] [[electrical multiple unit]] (EMU) reached a speed of {{convert|240|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} during a test. Other EMUs, such as the [[ETR 220]], [[ETR 250]] and [[ETR 300]], were also updated for speeds up to {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. The braking systems of cars were updated to match the increased travelling speeds.
Line 152:
In the 1990s, work started on the [[Treno Alta Velocità]] (''TAV'') project, which involved building a new high-speed network on the routes [[Milan]] – (Bologna–Florence–Rome–Naples) – [[Salerno]], [[Turin]] – (Milan–Verona–Venice) – [[Trieste]] and Milan–[[Genoa]]. Most of the planned lines have already been opened, while international links with France, Switzerland, [[Austria]] and [[Slovenia]] are underway.
[[File:Etr500.JPG|thumb|An [[ETR 500]] train running on the [[Florence–Rome high-speed railway|Florence–Rome high-speed line]] near [[Arezzo]], the first high-speed railway opened in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Special report: A European high-speed rail network |url=https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/high-speed-rail-19-2018/en/ |access-date=
Most of the [[Rome–Naples high-speed railway line|Rome–Naples line]] opened in December 2005, the [[Turin–Milan high-speed railway line|Turin–Milan line]] partially opened in February 2006 and the [[Milan–Bologna high-speed railway line|Milan–Bologna line]] opened in December 2008. The remaining sections of the Rome–Naples and the Turin–Milan lines and the [[Bologna–Florence high-speed railway line|Bologna–Florence line]] were completed in December 2009. All these lines are designed for speeds up to {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on|round=10}}. Since then, it is possible to travel from Turin to Salerno (ca. {{convert|950|km|abbr=on}}) in less than 5 hours. More than 100 trains per day are operated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trenitalia.com/tcom/Le-Frecce/Collegamenti-e-servizi-Frecciarossa|title=Viaggia con i treni Frecciarossa e acquista il biglietti a prezzi scontati - Le Frecce - Trenitalia|website=trenitalia.com|language=it|access-date=
Other proposed high-speed lines are [[Salerno–Reggio Calabria high-speed railway line|Salerno-Reggio Calabria]]<ref>{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.ferrovie.info/index.php/it/13-treni-reali/17310-ferrovie-ecco-il-progetto-della-av-ac-salerno-reggio-calabria|title=Ferrovie: Ecco il progetto della AV/AC Salerno-Reggio Calabria|access-date=8 February 2021}}</ref> (connected to Sicily with the future [[Strait of Messina Bridge|bridge over the Strait of Messina]]<ref>{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.citynow.it/alta-velocita-ferroviaria-sa-rc-come-cambiano-scenari-foto-social-ponte-stretto/|title=Alta velocità ferroviaria SA-RC, come cambiano gli scenari.|access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref>), [[Palermo–Catania high-speed railway line|Palermo-Catania]]<ref>{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.strettoweb.com/2023/05/alta-velocita-salerno-reggio-palermo-catania-messina-lavori-37-miliardi/1520865/|title=Alta velocità ferroviaria Salerno-Reggio e Palermo-Catania Messina: aggiudicati lavori per altri 3,7 miliardi|access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> and [[Naples–Bari high-speed railway line|Naples–Bari]].<ref>{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://www.quotidiano.net/economia/alta-velocita-napoli-bari-d84a609c|title=Alta velocità Napoli-Bari. Partiti i lavori. Sei miliardi per collegare le due città in 2 ore a 40 minuti|access-date=21 February 2024}}</ref>
Line 228:
|6||'''[[Roma Tiburtina]]'''||51<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=381e2e68ea585310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD|title=Roma Tiburtina - Roma Tiburtina - Grandi Stazioni|access-date=12 November 2022|archive-date=17 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317063511/http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=381e2e68ea585310VgnVCM1000008916f90aRCRD|url-status=dead}}</ref>|| 20||[[Rome]]||[[Lazio]]
|-
|7||'''[[Napoli Centrale]]'''||50<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandistazioni.it/cms/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=96d160d1be09a110VgnVCM1000003f16f90aRCRD|title=Napoli Centrale - Napoli Centrale - Grandi Stazioni|access-date=13 January 2017
|-
|8||'''[[Milano Cadorna]]'''||33.1<ref name=b>Bilancio Sociale "LeNord" 2004-2005</ref>|| 10||[[Milan]]||[[Lombardy]]
| |||