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Line 3: {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info ----------------> \| name = ~~{{raise\|0.1em\|~~Rason}} \| native_name = ~~{{lower\|0.1em\|~~{{nobold\|라선시}}}} \| native_name_lang = ko \|settlement_type = [[Special cities of North Korea\|Special city]] \|official_name = {{nobold\|{{lang\|ko\|라선특별시}}}}{{·}} Rason Special City \|image_seal = ~~Emblem of Rason.svg~~ \|translit_lang1 = Korean \|translit_lang1_type = [[Hangul\|Chosŏn'gŭl]] \|translit_lang1_info = {{lang\|ko\|~~{{linktext\|라\|선\|특\|별\|시}}~~라선특별시}} \|translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hanja\|Hancha]] \|translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang\|ko\|{{linktext\|羅\|先\|特\|別\|市}}}} Line 22: \|image_skyline = Rason montage.png \|imagesize = \|image_caption = ~~Rason sights:~~ Bipaseom Island (top), Imperial Hotel and Casino (bottom left), Rason Hotel (bottom right) \|image_map = {{maplink\|frame=yes\|plain=yes\|type=shape\|stroke-width=2\|stroke-color=#000000\|zoom=8}} \|mapsize = \|image_map1 = Rason ~~North~~Map ~~Korea~~2020.png \|image_flag = \|mapsize1 = \|map_caption1 = Line 102 ⟶ 103: <!-- Population -----------------------> \|population_as_of = 2019 \| population_footnotes = <ref name=朝鲜罗先市> {{ cite web \| url=http://wb.jl.gov.cn/yhcs_85472/201910/t20191018_6115233.html \| ~~lang~~language=zh \| title=朝鲜罗先市 \| date=October 18, 2019 \| access-date=May 25, 2020 }} </ref> \|population_note = \|population_total = 205000 Line 120 ⟶ 121: \|timezone = [[Time in North Korea\|Pyongyang Time]] \|utc_offset = +9 ~~\| coor_pinpoint = <!-- can be used to specify exactly where/what the coordinates refer to -->~~ ~~\|coordinates_type =~~ ~~\|coordinates_display =~~ <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> \|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> Line 159 ⟶ 157: }} '''Rason''' (formerly '''Rajin-Sŏnbong'''; {{IPA-\|ko\|ɾa.sʌ̹n, ɾa.dʑin.~~sʰʌ̹~~sʰʌ̹n.boŋ}}) is a North Korean [[Special cities of North Korea\|special city]] and [[Port#Warm-water port\|ice-free port]]<ref name="Rason SEZ">{{cite web\|title=Report on Rason Special Economic Zone\|url=http://chosonexchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Choson-Exchange-Rason-Report-August.pdf\|publisher=Choson Exchange\|access-date=9 December 2012\|author=Andray Abrahamian\|date=September 2011\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417055346/http://chosonexchange.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Choson-Exchange-Rason-Report-August.pdf\|archive-date=17 April 2012}}</ref> in the [[Sea of Japan]] in the [[North Pacific Ocean]] on the northeast tip of [[North Korea]]. It is in the [[Kwanbuk]] region and location of the [[Rason Special Economic Zone]]. In [[South Korea]]n [[North–South differences in the Korean language#Consonants\|pronunciation]], the initial "R" of the name is pronounced as "N", (나선, ''Naseon'') as per standard [[Korean phonology]]. In 2000, the name was shortened from "Rajin-Sŏnbong" to "Rason". During the 1930s, the Japanese called it Rashin; at that time, it was an important port at the end of a railroad line. It ~~was~~fell ~~liberated~~under bythe control of the [[Red Army]] on 14 August 1945. Before 1991, Rason was used by the [[Soviet Union]] as an alternative [[warm-water port]] in case [[Vladivostok]] was unavailable.<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Soviet Union and Asia in 1981\|first=Thomas W.\|last=Robinson\|journal=Asian Survey\|volume=22\|number=1\|pages=~~13–32~~20 \|series=A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part I\|date=January 1982\|doi=10.~~1525~~2307/~~as.1982.22.1.01p0334u~~2643707\|jstor=2643707 }}</ref> The Soviet naval facilities were built starting in 1979.<ref>{{cite book \|editor1-first=H. V. \|editor1-last=Hodson \|editor1-link=Harry Hodson \|editor2-first=Bishakha \|editor2-last=Rose \|date=1980 \|title=[[The Annual Register\|The Annual Register of World Events]] 1979 \|series=221 \|publisher= [[Longman]]s Group Limited \|location=Great Britain \|pages= 104, 314 \|isbn= 0-8103-2023-1}}</ref> From 1993 to 2004, it was administered separately from North Hamgyŏng as the [[Special cities of North Korea\|directly governed city]] (''~~Chikhalsi~~chikhalsi'') of Rason. Prior to 1993 and from 2004 to 2009, the city had been part of the North Hamgyŏng Province. Since 2010, the city is a "special city", again breaking from provincial control, but different from its older designation as a directly governed city.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&num=5866 \|title=Rasun Becomes Special City \|publisher=Daily NK \|date=5 January 2010 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322233911/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&num=5866 \|archive-date=22 March 2012}}</ref> What this means in practice is unclear. Rason borders [[Hunchun\|Hunchun county]] in [[Jilin\|Jilin province]] of [[People's Republic of China\|China]] and [[Khasansky District]] in [[Primorsky Krai]] of [[Russia]].<ref name="Rason SEZ"/> China is making investments in the port as it gives it access to the Sea of Japan.<ref name="Rason SEZ"/><ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=36164&tx_ttnews[backPid]=7&cHash=e8c061fdac \|title=Strategic Implications of China's Access to the Rajin Port \|publisher=The Jamestown Foundation \|date=18 March 2010 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228121511/http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news& \|archive-date=28 February 2011}}</ref> In July 2011, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) gave a green light for China's domestic trade cargo to be shipped via its port of Rajin from northeast to east China.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2011-07/04/content_12831822.htm \|title=DPRK allows China domestic trade cargo to ship via its port \|work=China Daily \|date=4 July 2011 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819070755/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2011-07/04/content_12831822.htm \|archive-date=19 August 2011}}</ref> Coal is shipped from nearby Chinese mines to Shanghai.<ref name="Rason SEZ"/> A casino by the sea caters to Chinese visitors.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news\|last=Wong\|first=Edward\|title=Tending a Small Patch of Capitalism in North Korea\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/13/world/asia/north-koreans-woo-business-to-rason-economic-zone.html\|access-date=13 October 2011\|newspaper=The New York Times\|date=12 October 2011\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013084047/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/13/world/asia/north-koreans-woo-business-to-rason-economic-zone.html\|archive-date=13 October 2011}}</ref> [[File:Rason City.jpg\|400px\|center\|thumb\|Rason in (2007).]] ==Administrative divisions==▼ Rason is divided into ~~one~~two district (''kuyŏk~~'') and one county (''kun~~'').<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://nk.joins.com/map/i207.htm \|title=라선시 - 북한지명사전 \|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> \|work=North Korea Net \|publisher=[[JoongAng Ilbo]] \|access-date=26 February 2013 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829220538/http://nk.joins.com/map/i207.htm \|archive-date=29 August 2013}}</ref>▼ ===[[Rajin-guyok\|Rajin-guyŏk]] (라진구역; 羅津區域)===▼ * Anhwa-dong (안화동/安和洞)▼ * Anju-dong (안주동/安住洞)▼ * Jigyŏng-dong (지경동/地境洞)▼ * Junghyŏn-dong (중현동/中峴洞)▼ * Changphyŏng-dong (창평동/倉坪洞)▼ * Chŏnggye-dong (청계동/淸溪洞)▼ * Hahyŏn-dong (하현동/下峴洞)▼ * Haebang-dong (해방동/解放洞)▼ * Kwangok-dong (관곡동/寬谷洞)▼ * Namsan-dong (남산동/南山洞)▼ * Tongmyŏng-dong (동명동/東明洞)▼ * Sanghyŏn-dong (상현동/上峴洞)▼ * Sinan-dong (신안동/新安洞)▼ * Sinhae-dong (신해동/新海洞)▼ * Sinhŭng-dong (신흥동/新興洞)▼ * Songphyŏng-dong (송평동/松坪洞)▼ * Yŏkchŏn-dong (역전동/驛前洞)▼ * Yuhyŏn-dong (유현동/踰峴洞)▼ * Muchang-ri (무창리/武倉里)▼ * Huchang-ri (후창리/厚倉里)▼ ===[[Sonbong ~~County~~-guyok\|Sŏnbong-~~gun~~guyŏk]] (선봉군; 先鋒郡)===▼ * Sŏnbong-ŭp (선봉읍/先鋒邑)▼ * [[Tumangang\|Tuman'gang-rodongjagu]] (두만강로동자구/豆滿江勞動者區)▼ * Ungsang-rodongjagu (웅상로동자구/雄尙勞動者區)▼ * Chosal-li (조산리/造山里)▼ * Hahoe-ri (하회리/下檜里)▼ * Hayŏp'yŏng-ri (하여평리/下汝坪里)▼ * Hongŭi-ri (홍의리/洪儀里)▼ * Kulp'o-ri (굴포리/屈浦里)▼ * Paekhang-ri (백학리/白鶴里)▼ * Pup'o-ri (부포리/鮒浦里)▼ * Sahoe-ri (사회리/四會里)▼ * Uam-ri (우암리/牛岩里)▼ * Wŏnjŏng-ri (원정리/元汀里)▼ ==Climate== Line 229 ⟶ 267: \| Dec precipitation mm =10 \|source = Climate-Data.org <ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{cite web \|url = https://en.climate-data.org/location/4765/ \|title = Climate: Rason Line 238 ⟶ 276: \|archive-date = 16 January 2018}}</ref> }} ▲==Administrative divisions== ▲Rason is divided into one district (''kuyŏk'') and one county (''kun'').<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://nk.joins.com/map/i207.htm \|title=라선시 - 북한지명사전 \|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> \|work=North Korea Net \|publisher=[[JoongAng Ilbo]] \|access-date=26 February 2013 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829220538/http://nk.joins.com/map/i207.htm \|archive-date=29 August 2013}}</ref> ▲===[[Rajin-guyok\|Rajin-guyŏk]] (라진구역; 羅津區域)=== ▲* Anhwa-dong (안화동/安和洞) ▲* Anju-dong (안주동/安住洞) ▲* Jigyŏng-dong (지경동/地境洞) ▲* Junghyŏn-dong (중현동/中峴洞) ▲* Changphyŏng-dong (창평동/倉坪洞) ▲* Chŏnggye-dong (청계동/淸溪洞) ▲* Hahyŏn-dong (하현동/下峴洞) ▲* Haebang-dong (해방동/解放洞) ▲* Kwangok-dong (관곡동/寬谷洞) ▲* Namsan-dong (남산동/南山洞) ▲* Tongmyŏng-dong (동명동/東明洞) ▲* Sanghyŏn-dong (상현동/上峴洞) ▲* Sinan-dong (신안동/新安洞) ▲* Sinhae-dong (신해동/新海洞) ▲* Sinhŭng-dong (신흥동/新興洞) ▲* Songphyŏng-dong (송평동/松坪洞) ▲* Yŏkchŏn-dong (역전동/驛前洞) ▲* Yuhyŏn-dong (유현동/踰峴洞) ▲* Muchang-ri (무창리/武倉里) ▲* Huchang-ri (후창리/厚倉里) ▲===[[Sonbong County\|Sŏnbong-gun]] (선봉군; 先鋒郡)=== ▲* Sŏnbong-ŭp (선봉읍/先鋒邑) ▲* [[Tumangang\|Tuman'gang-rodongjagu]] (두만강로동자구/豆滿江勞動者區) ▲* Ungsang-rodongjagu (웅상로동자구/雄尙勞動者區) ▲* Chosal-li (조산리/造山里) ▲* Hahoe-ri (하회리/下檜里) ▲* Hayŏp'yŏng-ri (하여평리/下汝坪里) ▲* Hongŭi-ri (홍의리/洪儀里) ▲* Kulp'o-ri (굴포리/屈浦里) ▲* Paekhang-ri (백학리/白鶴里) ▲* Pup'o-ri (부포리/鮒浦里) ▲* Sahoe-ri (사회리/四會里) ▲* Uam-ri (우암리/牛岩里) ▲* Wŏnjŏng-ri (원정리/元汀里) ==Port== The [[Korean People's Navy]] maintains a naval training base at the Rajin Port in the city of Rason. In addition, a [[China\|Chinese]] company in 2017 leased a dock for 10 years at the port.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/03/08/china-leases-rason-port-for-10-years/\|title=China leases Rason port for 10 years\|publisher=North Korean Economy Watch\|access-date=11 September 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909095838/https://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/03/08/china-leases-rason-port-for-10-years/\|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> This port may also be known as the [[Port of Najin\|Port of Rajin]]<ref name="bbg1">{{cite news \|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-14/kim-sent-russia-millions-of-artillery-shells-south-korea-says?srnd=europe-politics \| title=Kim Sent Russia Millions of Artillery Shells, South Korea Says \| newspaper=Bloomberg \| date=14 June 2024 }}</ref>. ==Economy== Line 286: The Rason Emperor Hotel and Casino is a [[resort]] and [[casino]] in Rason owned by the [[Emperor Group]], a diversified [[Hong Kong]] based commercial group.<ref name=scmp-20191030>{{cite news \|url=https://www.scmp.com/article/988297/gambling-usual-north-emperor-group-casino \|title=Gambling as usual up North for Emperor Group casino \|newspaper=South China Morning Post \|date=30 October 2019 \|access-date=30 July 2020}}</ref> ===Oil Refinery=== Rajin [[Oil Refinery]] is the largest [[oil refinery]] in North Korea. Although North Korea ~~it self~~itself lacks [[oil wells]], they can and do import oil from other countries to supply their [[Oil Refinery\|refineries]]. Large [[oil tankers]] are spotted multiple times unloading at the Rajin port. <ref name=朝鲜罗先市> {{ cite web \| url=http://wb.jl.gov.cn/yhcs_85472/201910/t20191018_6115233.html \| ~~lang~~language=zh \| title=朝鲜罗先市 \| date=October 18, 2019 \| access-date=May 25, 2020 }} </ref> ===Mining=== Rason ishas ~~found~~a tonumber ~~have a rich~~of [[mineral]] ~~storage,~~resources ~~[[mineral]]~~within the ~~such~~locality, asincluding [[coal]], [[iron]], [[magnesite]], and [[clay]] ~~are plentiful there~~. <ref name=朝鲜罗先市> {{ cite web \| url=http://wb.jl.gov.cn/yhcs_85472/201910/t20191018_6115233.html \| ~~lang~~language=zh \| title=朝鲜罗先市 \| date=October 18, 2019 \| access-date=May 25, 2020 }} </ref> ===Ship building=== Rason is home to [[No 28 Shipyard Najin]], a shipbuilder and supplier to the [[Korean People's Navy]]. Line 303: ==Sister cites== {{flagicon image\|Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} [[Hunchun]], [[Jilin]], [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture]], [[People's Republic of China]].<ref name=朝鲜罗先市> {{ cite web \| url=http://wb.jl.gov.cn/yhcs_85472/201910/t20191018_6115233.html \| ~~lang~~language=zh \| title=朝鲜罗先市 \| date=October 18, 2019 \| access-date=May 25, 2020 }} </ref> ==See also== Line 312: ==References== {{reflist\|~~colwidth=30em~~1}} ==~~Further reading~~Bibliography== {{cite book \|last=Dormels, \|first=Rainer: ''\|title=North Korea's Cities: Industrial facilities, internal structures and typification~~''.~~ \|publisher=Jimoondang, \|year=2014. ~~{{ISBN~~\|isbn=978-89-6297-167-5 }} ==External links== Line 321: {{Wikivoyage}} [http://www.dprk360.com/360/rajin_port/ 360 degree panorama of Rajin Port in Rason] [http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=165472#Post165472 North Korea Uncovered] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114214343/http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=165472#Post165472 \|date=14 January 2012 }} (North Korea Google Earth) Maps out Rason's economic infrastructure, including railways, hotels, tourist destinations, cultural facilities, ports, electricity grid, and electrified perimeter fence on Google Earth. [https://koreanologie.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_koreanologie/North_Korean_Cities/Rason/Rason.pdf City profile of Rason] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510132956/https://koreanologie.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/p_koreanologie/North_Korean_Cities/Rason/Rason.pdf \|date=10 May 2017 }} ~~{{Geographic location~~ ~~\|Centre = Rason~~ ~~\|North = [[Jilin]], {{flagu\|China}}~~ ~~\|Northeast = {{flag\|Primorsky Krai}}, {{flagu\|Russia}}~~ ~~\|East = ''[[Sea of Japan]]''<br>{{flag\|Hokkaido}} Prefecture, {{flagu\|Japan}}~~ ~~\|Southeast = ''[[Sea of Japan]]''<br>{{flag\|Niigata}} Prefecture, {{flagu\|Japan}}~~ ~~\|South =~~ ~~\|Southwest =~~ ~~\|West = [[North Hamgyong]]~~ ~~\|Northwest =~~ }} {{Rason}} {{Regions and administrative divisions of North Korea}} {{Metropolitan cities of North Korea}} ~~{{Largest cities of North Korea}}~~{{Authority control}} {{Coord\|42\|20\|40\|N\|130\|23\|04\|E\|display=title\|region:KP_type:adm1st_source:dewiki}} Line 346 ⟶ 334: [[Category:Directly Governed Cities and Special Administrative Regions of North Korea]] [[Category:Port cities and towns in North Korea]] [[Category:Ports and harbours of the Sea of Japan]]