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{{New Testament chapter short description}}
{{Bible chapter|letname=Revelation 11|previouslink= Revelation 10 |previousletter= chapter 10 |nextlink= Revelation 12 |nextletter= chapter 12 | book= [[Book of Revelation]] | biblepart=[[New Testament]] | booknum= 27 |category= [[Apocalypse]] | filename= Uncial 0308 POxy 4500 recto.jpg |size=200px | name= Uncial 0308 POxy 4500, AD 350 |caption=<div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">Revelation 11:15-16 on the ''recto'' side of [[Uncial 0308]] ([[Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 4500|P. Oxy. 4500]]) from c. AD 350.</div>}}
 
'''Revelation 11''' is the eleventh chapter of the [[Book of Revelation]] or the ApocalypseRevelation of Jesus Christ shown to John in the [[New Testament]] of the [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Bible]]. The book is traditionally attributed to [[John the Apostle]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Davids|first=Peter H|title=New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James|year=1982| publisher=Eerdmans| location=Grand Rapids, Mich.|isbn=0802823882| edition=Repr.|editor=I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Evans|first=Craig A|title=Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation|year=2005| publisher=Victor| location=Colorado Springs, Colo.|isbn=0781442281| editor=Craig A Evans}}</ref> but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate.<ref>F. L. Cross, ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'', (New York: [[Oxford University Press]], 1997), 45</ref> This chapter contains the accounts related to the sounding of the [[Seven trumpets|"Seventh Trumpet"]].{{sfn|Bauckham|2007|p=1289}}
 
==Text==
{{see also|Events of Revelation#Chapter 11}}
The original text iswas written in [[Koine Greek]]. [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|This chapter is divided into]] 19 verses.
 
===Textual witnesses===
Some of the oldest manuscripts containing this chapter are:
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:<ref>Elliott, J. K. "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual
*[[Papyrus 115]] (ca. AD 275; extant verses 1-5, 8-15, 18-19)▼
*Criticism Can Help Historians." ''Union Seminary Quarterly Review'' 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.</ref>{{efn|The Book of Revelation is missing from [[Codex Vaticanus]].<ref>Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, [http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/ref/collection/cce/id/491#img_view_container Codex Vaticanus], accessed 29 September 2018</ref>}}▼
▲*[[Papyrus 115]] (ca. AD 275; extant verses 1-51–5, 8-158–15, 18-1918–19)
*[[Papyrus 47]] (3rd century)
*[[Uncial 0308]] (ca. 350; extant verses 15-1815–18)
*[[Codex Sinaiticus]] (330-360)
*[[Codex Alexandrinus]] (400-440)
*[[Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus]] (ca. 450; extant verses 4-194–19)
▲*The Book of Revelation is missing from [[Codex Vaticanus]].<ref>Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, [http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/ref/collection/cce/id/491#img_view_container Codex Vaticanus], accessed 29 September 2018</ref>
 
===Old Testament references===
==Verse 1 ==▼
* {{bibleverse|Revelation|11:4|KJV}}: {{bibleverse|Zechariah|4:3|KJV}}; {{bibleverse|Zechariah|11:14|KJV}}<ref name="kingjamesbibleonline.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Reuelation_11_1611/|title=Biblical concordances of Revelation 11 in the 1611 King James Bible}}</ref>
[[New King James Version]]
: ''Then I was given a reed like a measuring rod. And the angel stood, saying, “Rise and measure the temple of God, the altar, and those who worship there."''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:1|NKJV}}</ref>
 
==The two witnesses (11:1–6)==
==Verse 3 ==▼
▲===Verse 1 ===
[[New King James Version]]
:''AndThen I willwas givegiven powera toreed mylike [[twoa witnesses]],measuring androd. theyAnd willthe prophesyangel onestood thousand“Rise twoand hundredmeasure andthe sixtytemple daysof God, clothedthe inaltar, [[sackcloth]]and those who worship there."''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:31|NKJV}} [[New King James Version|NKJV]]</ref>
*"Then": in Greek {{lang|grc|καί}} ''kai'', meaning "and"; translated as "then" here to 'indicate the implied sequence within the narrative'.<ref>Note on Revelation 11:1 in [[New English Translation|NET Bible]]</ref>
 
===Verse 42===
:[The angel said:] ''"But leave out the court which is outside the temple, and do not measure it, for it has been given to the Gentiles. And they will tread the holy city underfoot for forty-two months."''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:2|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
*"Holy city": seems to refer to [[Jerusalem]] (cf. [[Luke 21]]:24).<ref>Note [e] on Revelation 11:2 in [[New English Translation|NET Bible]]</ref>
*"forty-two months": This is three and a half years, which is half of [[Significance of numbers in Judaism#7|the sacred number seven]].
 
▲===Verse 3 ===
:''And I will give power to my [[two witnesses]], and they will prophesy one thousand two hundred and sixty days, clothed in [[sackcloth]].''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:3|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
*"Power": This word is not in the Greek text, but is implied; added here for clarification.<ref>Note on Revelation 11:3 in NET Bible</ref>
*"one thousand two hundred and sixty days": Since the [[Hebrew calendar]] is composed of twelve 30-day months, this represents three and a half years.
 
===Verse 54===▼
[[File:Tiara of Pope Pius VII, 1805.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Napoleon Tiara]] of [[Pope Pius VII]] on which the text of Revelation 11:4 was engraved.]]
:''These are the two olive trees, and the two candlesticks standing before the God of the earth.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Revelation|11:4|KJV}} KJV</ref>
 
This verse was engraved on a [[Napoleon Tiara|papal tiara]] which Napoleon gave to [[Pope Pius VII]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Edward Francis |last=Twining | title=A History of the Crown Jewels of Europe| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvIOAQAAMAAJ&q=Consalvi |publisher=B. T. Batsford |year=1960 |page=380}}</ref>
▲==Verse 5==
 
===Verse 8 5===▼
:''And if any man will hurt them, fire cometh out of his mouth, and devoureth his enemies; and if anyone wants to harm them, it matters that he is killed.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Revelation|11:5|KJV}} KJV</ref>
 
===Verse 6===
:''TheseThey have the power to closeshut the heavensky, that itno rain notmay infall during the days of their prophecy;prophesying, and they have power over the waters to turn them tointo blood, and to smitestrike the earth with allevery mannerkind of plaguesplague, as often as they likedesire.''<ref>{{bibleversebibleref2|Revelation|11:6|KJVESV}} KJV[[English Standard Version|ESV]]</ref>
*"Power": or "authority"<ref>Note [a] and [d] on Revelation 11:6 in NET Bible</ref>
 
==Two witnesses killed and raised (11:7–14)==
▲==Verse 8 ==
===Verse 15 8===▼
[[King James Version]]
:''And their dead bodies will lie in the street of the great city which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:8|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
*"Street": from the Greek word {{lang|grc|πλατεῖα}}, ''plateia'', referring to "a major (broad) street".<ref>Note [b] on Revelation 11:8 in NET Bible</ref>
 
===Verse 11 ===
: ''Now after the three-and-a-half days the breath of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell on those who saw them. ''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:11|NKJV}} NKJV</ref><ref name="gill_Rev11_11">[httphttps://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/Revelation-11-11.html ''John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible'' - Revelation 11:11]</ref>▼
[[King James Version]]
▲: ''Now after the three-and-a-half days the breath of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell on those who saw them. ''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:11|NKJV}}</ref><ref name="gill_Rev11_11">[http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/Revelation-11-11.html ''John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible'' - Revelation 11:11]</ref>
 
In Revelation, the symbolism of times does not lie in the unit of measurement (days, weeks, years) but in the numerical value attached to the measurement.<ref>Edmondo F. Lupieri, ''A Commentary on the Apocalypse of John'' (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2006), 154.</ref> It is a symbolic illustration of the apparent victory of hostile forces over God's people in the in-between age.<ref>Koester¸ ''Revelation'', 502.</ref>
▲==Verse 15 ==
[[New King James Version]]
:''Then the seventh angel sounded: And there were loud voices in heaven, saying, “The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ, and He shall reign forever and ever!” ''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:15|NKJV}}</ref>
 
==The Seventh Trumpet (11:15–19)==
===Verse 18 15===
[[New King James Version]]
:''The seventh angel sounded, and there were loud voices in heaven, saying:''
:''The nations were angry, and Your wrath has come, And the time of the dead, that they should be judged, And that You should reward Your servants the prophets and the saints, And those who fear Your name, small and great, And should destroy those who destroy the earth.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:18|NKJV}}</ref>▼
::''"The kingdoms of the world have become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of His Christ,''
::''and He shall reign forever and ever."''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:15|MEV}} [[Modern English Version|MEV]]</ref>
*"Christ" from Greek word ''christos'' which means “one who has been anointed", the same as the word “Messiah” in Hebrew and Aramaic.<ref>Note [b] on Revelation 11:15 in NET Bible</ref>
 
===Verse 19 18===
▲:''The nations were angry, and Your wrath has come, And the time of the dead, that they should be judged, And that You should reward Your servants the prophets and the saints, And those who fear Your name, small and great, And should destroy those who destroy the earth.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:18|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
[[New King James Version]]
 
:''Then the temple of God was opened in heaven, and the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of His covenant]] was seen in His temple. And there were lightnings, noises, thunderings, an earthquake, and great hail.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:19|NKJV}}</ref>▼
===Verse 19===
▲:''Then the temple of God was opened in heaven, and the [[Ark of the Covenant|ark of His covenant]] was seen in His temple. And there were lightnings, noises, thunderings, an earthquake, and great hail.''<ref>{{bibleref2|Revelation|11:19|NKJV}} NKJV</ref>
 
==Uses==
===Music===
The [[King James Version]] of verse 15 from this chapter is cited as texts in the English-language [[oratorio]] "[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]" by [[George Frideric Handel]] (HWV 56).<ref name="Block 2001">
{{cite journal |last=Block |first=Daniel I. |author-link=Daniel I. Block |year=2001 |title=Handel's Messiah: Biblical and Theological Perspectives |url=https://www.sbts.edu/documents/icw/messiah.pdf |journal=[[Didaskalia (journal)|Didaskalia]] |volume=12 |access-date=19 July 2011 |number=2}}
</ref>
 
==See also==
Line 62 ⟶ 87:
* [[Sodom and Gomorrah|Sodom]]
* Related [[Bible]] parts: [[Revelation 5]], [[Revelation 6]], [[Revelation 7]], [[Revelation 8]], [[Revelation 9]], [[Revelation 10]], [[Revelation 12]]
 
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==Bibliography==
{{Source-attribution|{{cite book |last1=Gill |first1= John |title=Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746-1763)▼
*{{cite book|last= Bauckham | first= Richard |author-link = Richard Bauckham | chapter = 81. Revelation | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John| editor-last1=Barton | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 1287–1306 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
|volume=|year= |publisher=}} }}
▲{{Source-attribution|{{cite book |last1=Gill |first1= John |title=Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746-1763) }} }}
 
==External links==
*{{bibleverse|Revelation|11|KJV}} King James Bible - Wikisource
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=73&chapter=11&version=31 Revelation 11 NIV]▼
*[http://www.latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=27&c=11 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617063913/http://latinvulgate.com/lv/verse.aspx?t=1&b=27&c=11 |date=2019-06-17 }}
*[http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=Revelation+11 ''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
▲* [httphttps://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=73&chapter=11&version=31 RevelationMultiple 11bible NIVversions at ''Bible Gateway''] (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
 
{{Book of Revelation}}
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