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{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=
|Ship caption=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Russian Empire]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Russian Empire|naval}}
|Ship name= ''Zhemchug''
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|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=
|Ship commissioned=26 July 1904
|Ship recommissioned=
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|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
▲|Ship fate=Sunk in the [[Battle of Penang]] on 28 October 1914
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
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|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass
|Ship displacement={{convert|3103|LT|t|0|lk
|Ship length=
*{{convert|110.95|m|
*{{convert|111.30|m|
|Ship beam={{convert|12.
|Ship power=*16 [[Yarrow boiler]]s
▲|Ship draught={{convert|4.90|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship speed={{convert|24.5|kn|lk=in}}▼
▲*3 shaft [[Steam engine#Multiple expansion engines|Triple expansion steam engines]] (VTE)
▲|Ship speed={{convert|24.5|kn}}
▲|Ship range={{convert|2090|nmi}} at {{convert|12|kn}}
|Ship complement=354 officers and crewmen
|Ship armament=
*8 × [[120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892|{{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on}}]]
*4 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|{{convert|47|mm|in|abbr=on}}
*6 × 7.62 mm Maxim [[machine gun]]s
*4 × {{convert|457|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship armour=
*[[Krupp armour]]
*{{convert|32|-|76|mm|in|
*{{convert|32|mm|in|
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''''Zhemchug''''' ({{lang-ru|Жемчуг}}, "Pearl") was the second of the two-vessel {{sclass
==Background==
''Zhemchug'' was ordered as part of the Imperial Russian
==Operational history==
''Zhemchug'' was laid down at the [[Sredne-Nevskiy Shipyard|Nevsky Shipyards]] in [[Petrograd]], [[Russia]] in January 1901. However, construction was delayed due to priority given to completion of the {{ship|Russian cruiser|Novik|1900|2|up=yes}}. The ''Zakladka'', or formal ceremony of laying a plate, took place on 14 June 1902,<ref>''Kronstadtski Viestnik'', quoted in {{Cite newspaper The Times |
She was launched on 14 August 1903, in the presence of [[Tsar]] [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] and [[Dowager Empress]] [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Maria Feodorovna]]. Construction continued to be plagued by delays, including flooding in November, and an ice storm in December. However, with the start of the [[Russo-Japanese War]] in early 1904, construction efforts were greatly accelerated. Mooring tests were completed by 26 July 1904 and speed trials were held on 5 August. ''Zhemchug'' was formally commissioned on 29 August 1904 and was assigned to the Second Pacific Squadron of the [[Russian Pacific Fleet]]. On 27 September 1904, she participated in a [[naval review]] off [[Tallinn|Reval]] attended by Tsar Nicholas II, and departed for the Far East the following day.
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===World War I service===
At the start of [[World War I]], ''Zhemchug'' was part of the [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] (British-French-Japanese) joint task force pursuing the
''Zhemchug'' had put into Penang on 26 October for repairs and to clean her boilers; only one boiler was in service, which meant that she could not get under way, nor were her ammunition hoists powered. Against the advice of Admiral [[Martyn Jerram]], commander-in-chief of the Allied Fleet, Commander Cherkassov had given most of his crew shore leave, and left the ship with all torpedoes disarmed, and all shells locked away save for 12 rounds stowed on deck with only five rounds of ready ammunition were permitted for each gun with a sixth chambered.<ref>Staff ''Battle on the Seven Seas'', p. 128</ref>
On 28 October 1914, Commander Cherkassov was at the [[Eastern & Oriental Hotel]] in [[Georgetown, Penang|George Town]] with a lady friend. The remaining crew were having a party on board rather than keeping watch. The German light cruiser {{SMS|Emden|1908|2}} was disguised as a British warship and pulled alongside ''Zhemchug'' at a distance of {{convert|300|yd}}. At that range, ''Emden'' raised the Imperial German naval flag, launched a torpedo, and opened fire with her 10.5 cm guns.<ref name=F11>Forstmeier, p. 11</ref> The torpedo hit near the aft funnel, blowing off the fantail of the cruiser and destroying the aft guns. To their credit, ''Zhemchug''{{'}}s crew managed to load and return fire with the front guns, but missed the German raider and struck a merchant ship in the harbor instead. ''Emden'' turned around and fired a second torpedo that struck the burning ''Zhemchug'' at the conning tower, causing a tremendous explosion that tore the ship apart. By the time the smoke cleared, ''Zhemchug'' had already slipped beneath the waves, her masts the only parts of the ship still above water.<ref name=F14>Forstmeier, p. 14</ref> Cherkassov watched helplessly from shore as his cruiser was sunk. The sinking of ''Zhemchug'' killed 81 Russian sailors and wounded 129, of whom seven later died of their injuries. ''Emden'' afterwards
A court-martial held in Vladivostok found Commander Cherkassov guilty of gross negligence and sentenced him to 3.5 years in prison. His [[executive officer]], Lieutenant Kulibin, was sentenced to 18 months. In addition, both officers were stripped of their rank
The bodies of 82 crewmen were buried in Penang; the other seven bodies were never recovered. The ship's {{convert|4.7|in|mm|abbr=on|order=flip}} guns were salvaged by the Russian cruiser {{ship|Russian cruiser|Oleg||2}} in December 1914. In the 1920s, the ship was partially raised and scrapped by British experts.
==Legacy==
[[File:cmglee_Penang_Zhemchug_memorial_right.jpg|thumb|Zhemchug memorial at the Western Road Cemetery, Penang]]
A total of 12 Russian sailors are buried on [[Penang]] and [[Jerejak]]. The monument honouring the sailors of ''Zhemchug'' was twice renovated by Soviet sailors on 1972 and 1987 respectively. The battle was mentioned numerous times by [[Vladimir Putin]] on his 2003 presidential visit to Malaysia. The Russian embassy in Malaysia holds memorial services twice annually in honour of the fallen sailors.<ref name=ALK7>{{cite web|url=http://wunderwafe.ru/Magazine/Stapel/Zhem/06.htm|title=Tragedy in Penang|accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=JUI0>{{cite web|url=http://www.malaysia.mid.ru/press2012/r_002.html|title=Memorial service in Penang|accessdate=26 August 2014|archive-date=8 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708074351/http://www.malaysia.mid.ru/press2012/r_002.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|last=Brook|first=Peter|title=Warship 2000–2001|editor=Preston, Antony|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|year=2000|chapter=Armoured Cruiser vs. Armoured Cruiser: Ulsan 14 August 1904|isbn=0-85177-791-0}}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Gray|editor1-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships
*{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor1-first=Roger|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor2-first=Eugene M.|editor2-last=Kolesnik |publisher=Mayflower Books|location=New York|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|url-access=registration |url= https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2|pages=170–217 |chapter=Russia |last1=Campbell |first1=N. J. M.|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book|last=McLaughlin|first=Stephen|title=Warship 1999–2000|editor=Preston, Antony|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|year=1999|chapter=From Ruirik to Ruirik: Russia's Armoured Cruisers|isbn=0-85177-724-4}}
*{{cite book|last=Watts|first=Anthony J.|title=The Imperial Russian Navy|publisher=Arms and Armour |location=London |year=1990|isbn=0-85368-912-1}}
==External links==
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{{Izumrud class cruiser}}
{{Cruisers of the Imperial Russian Navy}}
{{WWI Russian ships}}
{{October 1914 shipwrecks}}
{{coord missing|Indian Ocean}}
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[[Category:World War I cruisers of Russia]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Strait of Malacca]]
[[Category:
[[Category:1903 ships]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in October 1914]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:Ships built at Sredne-Nevskiy Shipyard]]
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