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{{short description|Public health strategy to lower health risks of tobacco use}}
{{Expand Greek|Μείωση της βλάβης από το κάπνισμα|date=November 2016}}
'''Tobacco harm reduction''' ('''THR''') is a [[public health]] strategy to lower the [[Health effects of tobacco|health risks to individuals and wider society]] associated with using [[tobacco products]]. It is an example of the concept of [[harm reduction]], a strategy for dealing with the use of drugs. [[Tobacco smoking]] is widely acknowledged as a [[Leading cause of death|leading cause of illness and death]],<ref name=Nitzkin2014/> and reducing smoking is vital to public health.<ref name="Harm Reduct. J.">{{cite journal |last1=Rodu |first1=B. |last2=Plurphanswat |first2=N. |date=January 2021 |title=Mortality among male cigar and cigarette smokers in the USA |url=https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4.pdf |url-status=live |format=PDF |journal=[[Harm Reduction Journal]] |publisher=[[BioMed Central]] |volume=18 |issue=7 |pages=1-9 |doi=10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4 |doi-access=free |issn=1477-7517 |lccn=2004243422 |pmc=7789747 |pmid=33413424 |s2cid=230800394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826115030/https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12954-020-00446-4.pdf |archive-date=26 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="BMC Publ. Health">{{cite journal |last1=Chang |first1=Cindy M. |last2=Corey |first2=Catherine G. |last3=Rostron |first3=Brian L. |last4=Apelberg |first4=Benjamin J. |date=April 2015 |title=Systematic review of cigar smoking and all cause and smoking related mortality |url=https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5.pdf |url-status=live |format=PDF |journal=[[BMC Public Health]] |publisher=[[BioMed Central]] |volume=15 |issue=390 |pages=1-20 |doi=10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5 |doi-access=free |issn=1471-2458 |pmc=4408600 |pmid=25907101 |s2cid=16482278 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316053609/https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12889-015-1617-5.pdf |archive-date=16 March 2021 |access-date=5 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="IJERPH 2009">{{cite journal |last=Laniado-Laborín |first=Rafael |date=January 2009 |title=Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Parallel Epidemics of the 21st Century |url=https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/1/209/htm |url-status=live |journal=[[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]] |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=6 |issue=1: ''Smoking and Tobacco Control'' |doi=10.3390/ijerph6010209 |pages=209–224 |doi-access=free |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=2672326 |pmid=19440278 |s2cid=19615031 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816194204/https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/6/1/209/htm |archive-date=16 August 2018 |access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="who.int">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/tobacco#tab=tab_1 |url-status=live |title=Health topics: Tobacco |date=2021 |website=www.who.int |publisher=[[World Health Organization]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813230009if_/https://www.who.int/health-topics/tobacco#tab=tab_1 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=18 August 2021}}</ref>
The consumption of tobacco products and its harmful effects affect both smokers and non-smokers,<ref name="Nicotine Tob. Res.">{{cite journal |last1=Skipina |first1=T. M. |last2=Upadhya |first2=B. |last3=Soliman |first3=E. Z. |date=July 2021 |title=Secondhand Smoke Exposure is Associated with Prevalent Heart Failure: Longitudinal Examination of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |editor-last=Munafò |editor-first=Marcus |editor-link=Marcus Munafo |journal=[[Nicotine & Tobacco Research]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] on behalf of the [[Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco]] |volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=1512–1517 |doi=10.1093/ntr/ntab047 |eissn=1469-994X |issn=1462-2203 |lccn=00244999 |s2cid=235707832}}</ref> and is a major [[risk factor]] for six of the eight leading causes of deaths in the world, including [[respiratory disease]]s, [[cardiovascular disease]]s, [[cerebrovascular disease]]s, over 20 different types or subtypes of [[cancer]]s, [[stroke]]s, several debilitating health conditions, and [[malignant disease]]s.<ref name="Harm Reduct. J."/><ref name="BMC Publ. Health"/><ref name="IJERPH 2009"/><ref name="who.int"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nonnemaker |first1=James |last2=Rostron |first2=Brian |last3=Hall |first3=Patricia |last4=MacMonegle |first4=Anna |last5=Apelberg |first5=Benjamin |date=September 2014 |title=Mortality and Economic Costs From Regular Cigar Use in the United States, 2010 |editor-last=Morabia |editor-first=Alfredo |editor-link=Alfredo Morabia |journal=[[American Journal of Public Health]] |publisher=[[American Public Health Association]] |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=e86–e91 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2014.301991 |eissn=1541-0048 |issn=0090-0036 |pmc=4151956 |pmid=25033140 |s2cid=207276270}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thun |first1=Michael J. |last2=Jacobs |first2=Eric J. |last3=Shapiro |first3=Jean A. |date=February 2000 |title=Cigar Smoking in Men and Risk of Death From Tobacco-Related Cancers |url=https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/92/4/333/2624751 |url-status=live |editor-last=Ganz |editor-first=Patricia A. |editor-link=Patricia A. Ganz |journal=[[Journal of the National Cancer Institute]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=333–337 |doi=10.1093/jnci/92.4.333 |doi-access=free |eissn=1460-2105 |issn=0027-8874 |pmid=10675383 |s2cid=7772405 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421095250/https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/92/4/333/2624751 |archive-date=21 April 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021}}</ref> In high income countries, smoking rates have been reduced mostly by reducing the uptake of smoking among younger people rather than improving the rates of [[Quit smoking|quitting]] among established smokers. It is, however, mostly current smokers who will face disease and death from smoking.<ref>{{cite web|title=IARC Monographs- Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking|url=http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol83/|website=monographs.iarc.fr|publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jha|first1=P|last2=Peto|first2=R|title=Global effects of smoking, of quitting, and of taxing tobacco.|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=2 January 2014|volume=370|issue=1|pages=60–8|pmid=24382066|doi=10.1056/nejmra1308383}}</ref>
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