Tokugawa Ieyasu: Difference between revisions

In 1563, [[Matsudaira Nobuyasu]], the first son of Motoyasu, was married to Oda Nobunaga's daughter [[Tokuhime (Oda)|Tokuhime]].<ref name="Pitelka; Tokugawa" />{{Page needed|date=June 2024}}{{efn|[[Tetsuo Owada]] stated the marriage between Nobuyasu and Tokuhime occuredoccurred in 1567, when both was nine years old.<ref name="Tetsuo Owada 2002 24">{{harvtxt|Tetsuo Owada|2002|p=24}}</ref>}} In February, Matsudaira Motoyasu changed his name to Matsudaira '''Ieyasu'''.<ref name="Pitelka; Tokugawa">{{cite book |last=Pitelka |first=Morgan |title=Spectacular Accumulation: Material Culture, Tokugawa Ieyasu, and Samurai Sociability |date=2015 |publisher=University of Hawai'i Press |isbn=9780824851576}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=June 2024}}<ref name="Brinkley; Tokugawa">{{Cite book|last=Brinkley|first=Frank & Kikuchi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bzRen1dcdTwC&q=Tokugawa+Ieyasu,February,changed+his+name&pg=PT818|title=A History of the Japanese People From the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era|date=1912|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-1304-5|language=en}}</ref> Some historian believe that these actions stimulated the pro-Imagawa faction, including the Sakurai and Okusa Matsudaira families, which led to the simultaneous uprising against Ieyasu in the following year.{{Sfn|Shiba|2021|p=23 quoting "General Overview: Tokugawa Ieyasu's Movements and Research in the Sengoku and Oda-Momoyama Periods"}}

in 1568. At the same time, Ieyasu was eager to expand eastward to [[Tōtōmi Province]]. Ieyasu and [[Takeda Shingen]], the head of the [[Takeda clan]] in [[Kai Province]], made an alliance for the purpose of conquering all the [[Imagawa clan|Imagawa]] territory.<ref name="Sansom 1961"/>{{rp|279}} Regarding the division of the Imagawa territory with the Takeda clan, it is said that the Tokugawa clan had made an agreement with the Takeda clan that the eastern [[Suruga Province]] would become Takeda territory and the western Tōtōmi province would be Tokugawa territory, with the [[Ōi River]] as the border. However, on January 8, 1569, the Takeda vassal [[Akiyama Nobutomo]] invaded the Tōtōmi province from Shinano Province. The Takeda clan, through Oda Nobunaga, with whom they had a friendly relationship, asked Ieyasu, who was Nobunaga's ally, to reconsider cooperation with the Takeda, but Ieyasu rejected the idea, and Ieyasu is considered to have been in a position of independence from Nobunaga to a certain extent. However, until around April of the first year of the Genki era, diplomatic negotiations were being conducted between [[Sakakibara Yasumasa]] and [[Tsuchiya Masatsugu]] , who acted as intermediaries between the two sides.<ref>{{harvtxt|Shiba|2021|pp=185–189, quoting Marushima Kazuhiro, "A Historical Document on the Takeda-Tokugawa Alliance," Takeda Studies, No. 56, 2017.}}</ref>

In 1575, on April, Ōga Yashirō a deputy governor of over 20 villages in Oku district of Mikawa under [[Matsudaira Nobuyasu]],<ref name="Hamada Koichiro; Yashiro incident" /> was arrested by [[Ōkubo Tadayo]] Yashirō and paraded him around [[Hamamatsu Castle]], before Tadayo executed Yashirō brutally by mutilating him alive with a saw, while Tadayo crucified the wife and children of Yashirō.<ref name="OgaYashiro; Watanabe Daimon1">{{cite web |author1=Watanabe Daimon |title=残酷すぎて放映できなかった、大岡弥四郎のあまりにむごたらしい最期 |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/df6862aa19e2d4a45354f63f4cd6a4c22a740cfc |website=yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/ |publisher=渡邊大門 無断転載を禁じます。 © LY Corporation |access-date=4 June 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> According to the investigation, Yashirō was implicated of betrayal allegation for colluding with Takeda Katsuyori to invade the Tokugawa clan's territory. According to a letter, Yashiro had teamed up with Takeda Katsuyori of Kai to seize Okazaki Castle. However, one of Yashiro's colleague, Yamada Hachizō, betrayed Yashiro and passed on information about the rebellion to Nobuyasu. Meanwhile, Ieyasu himself also learned further crime of Yashirō of corruptions in governance through one of his vassal's report.<ref name="Hamada Koichiro; Yashiro incident">{{cite web |author1=Hamada Kōichirō (濱田浩一郎) |title=「どうする家康」『徳川実紀』が描く大岡弥四郎事件　 岡崎クーデターはなぜ失敗したのか？ |trans-title="What would you do, Ieyasu?" The Ōga Yashirō Incident as described in the Tokugawa Jikki: Why did the Okazaki Coup fail? |url=https://sengoku-his.com/694 |website=Rekishijin |publisher=Abc Arc, inc. |access-date=9 June 2024 |language=Ja |date=2023}}</ref> On June, during Takeda Katsuyori's raid through [[Mikawa Province]], he [[Siege of Yoshida Castle|attacked Yoshida Castle]] and [[Battle of Nagashino|besieged Nagashino Castle]]. Ieyasu appealed to Nobunaga for help and Nobunaga came personally with 30,000 strong men. The Oda-Tokugawa forces of 38,000 won a great victory and successfully defended Nagashino Castle. Though the Takeda forces had been destroyed, Katsuyori survived the battle and retreated back to [[Kai Province]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=savvCwAAQBAJ&q=temple+on+the+road+back+towards+kai|title=Nagashino 1575: Slaughter at the barricades|date=2012|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-78200-229-1|pages=79|language=en}}</ref> For the next seven years, Ieyasu and Katsuyori fought a series of small battles, as the result of which Ieyasu's troops managed to wrestle control of [[Suruga Province]] away from the [[Takeda clan]].

|strength2 = 8,000 (Tokugawa army) <br /> 3,800+-3,900 (Former Takeda clan warriors)

Meanwhile, Ieyasu had Yoda Nobushige, former Takeda clan governor of Saku district who as been hidden in the Tokugawa territory and maintain contact with Ieyasu for certain period, to organize contacts with other Takeda clan remaining vassals to restore orders after the chaos following the death of Nobunaga.{{sfn|Hirayama|2015|p=127}} At that moment, Nobushige was settled in the secluded village of Osawa.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Matsuzaki Town Office, Planning and Tourism Division |title=依田家 |trans-title=Yoda clan |url=https://www.town.matsuzaki.shizuoka.jp/docs/2016020300202/ |website=花とロマンの里 松崎町 |publisher=Matsuzaki Town |access-date=6 June 2024 |language=Ja |date=2015}}</ref> However, at the same time, [[Uesugi clan]] and the [[Hōjō clan]] also mobilized their forces to invade [[Shinano Province]], [[Kōzuke Province]], and [[Kai Province]] (currently Gunma Prefecture), which ruled by the remnants of the many small clans formerly serving Takeda clan, as they learned the death of Nobunaga. This caused the triangle conflict between those three factions in the event which dubbed by historians as {{Nihongo|'''[[:jp:天正壬午の乱|Tenshō-Jingo War]]'''|天正壬午の乱|Tenshō-Jingo no ran}} broke out.<ref name="Tensho Jingo war" />{{efn|The name of "Tenshō-Jingo War" was coined by Tashiro Takashi in 1980.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Okamoto Ryoichi (岡本亮一) |title=日本城郭史研究叢書 第8巻 大坂城の諸研究 |trans-title=Japanese Castle History Research Series Vol. 8 Various Studies on Osaka Castle |date=1982 |publisher=名著出版 |isbn=4404010362 |pages=412–413 |url=https://www.kosho.or.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=445990645 |access-date=6 June 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> Furthermore, is also a theory that from the perspective that local powers which continued to fight over the possession of the Oda clan's leftover territories, there is evidence that Tokugawa Ieyasu's transfer to the [[Kantō region]] region following the fall of the Hōjō clan in 1590 and the placement of Toyotomi-line daimyo, until transfer of Uesugi Kagekatsu to Aizu, where the local daimyo were separated from their former territory and the establishment of control by the [[Azuchi–Momoyama period]], was considered to be the extension of this conflict.<ref>{{harvtxt|Okamoto Ryoichi (岡本亮一) |1982 |pp=41–42}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite book |author1=Masaru Hirayama (平山優) |title=能見城跡 |trans-title=Nomi Castle Ruins |publisher=韮崎市教育委員会 {{!}} 韮崎市遺跡調査会 {{!}} 東京電力株式会社山梨支店 |year=1998 |pages=14–39 |url=https://doi.org/10.24484/sitereports.6772-6247 |access-date=14 July 2024 |language=Ja |chapter=天正壬午の乱 信長死後の旧武田領争奪戦について / The Tensho Jingu Rebellion: The struggle for the former Takeda territory after Nobunaga's death|doi=10.24484/sitereports.6772-6247 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Miyakawa Nobuo (展夫宮川) |title=天正壬午の乱と北関東 |trans-title=The Tensho Jingo Rebellion and Northern Kanto |year=2010 |publisher=[[Komazawa University]] History faculty |pages=50–63 |url=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000025-I012470004016261#bib |access-date=14 July 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Tetsuo Owada |author1-link=Tetsuo Owada |year=2023 |title=最大の危機から五ケ国の大大名へ : 飛躍を支えたもの (特集 伊賀越え、天正壬午の乱… 徳川家康と本能寺の変 : その時、何が起きたか) |trans-title=From the greatest crisis to becoming a great feudal lord of five provinces: What supported the leap (Special feature: Crossing Iga, the Tensho Jingo War... Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Honnoji Incident: What happened then?) |publisher=歴史街道 |pages=14–20 |url=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I032912074#bib |access-date=14 July 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Hiraku Kaneko (金子拓) |year=2023 |title=競うように接待しあう家康と信長…本能寺直前に何があったか (特集 伊賀越え、天正壬午の乱… 徳川家康と本能寺の変 : その時、何が起きたか)|trans-title=Ieyasu and Nobunaga competed to entertain each other... What happened just before the Honnoji Incident? (Special feature: Crossing Iga, Tensho Jingo War... Tokugawa Ieyasu and the Honnoji Incident: What happened then?) |publisher=歴史街道 |pages=24–29 |url=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I032912077 |access-date=14 July 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref>

Meanwhile, Ieyasu immediately marched his 8,000 soldiers to those disputed region,<ref name="Tensho Jingo war" /> then splitting his forcearmy into two parts, with separate detachment led Sakai Tadatsugu and Ogasawara Nobumine goes to pacify Shinano Province, while Ieyasu himself took the main forces to pacify Kai. However, Tadatsugu and Nobumine met with unexpected resistance from Suwa Yoritada, a former Takeda vassal who now allied with the Hōjō clan.<ref>{{Citation|author1=Abe takeshi|author2=Abe takeshi |trans-title=Encyclopedia of Famous People from the Sengoku Period |title=戦国人名事典|edition=コンパクト|publisher=新人物往来社 |date=1990|isbn=4404017529 |page=440}}</ref> they were beaten by Yoritada, who now reinforced by the Hōjō forcing Tadatsugu to retreat. As Tadatsugu forces retreating, they were pursued by 43,000 mens of Hōjō clan army, where Okabe Masatsuna, a member of the Suruga clan samurai who once served under [[Baba Nobuharu]],<ref name="rekishikaido; Tensho-Jingo1" /> taking the initiative to defend the rear of Tadatsugu army from the enemy charges and repelling them.<ref name="rekishikaido; Tensho-Jingo1" /> As they successfully retreat without further losses, they rejoin Ieyasu's main forces at Wakamiko area in Suwamachi (modern day [[Yamanashi Prefecture]]).<ref name="wakamikobattle" /> In June 5, Ieyasu instructed two members of Takekawa clan from Kai who were hiding in Kiriyama, Tōtōmi Province, Orii Tsugumasa and Yonekura Tadatsugu, to proceed with the work of enticing the Kai samurai to the Tokugawa side. On the next day, Ieyasu also sent a letter to Masatsuna instructing him to began the construction of a castle at Shimoyama Castle (Shimoyama, Minobu Town) in the Kai Kawachi domain, former base of [[Anayama Nobutada]], who was killed by outlaws during his escape from Honnō-ji Incident, when Nobunaga was murdered,<ref name="SAMURAIHUNTER3" /> and Suganuma Castle (Terazawa, Minobu Town) was built along the Fuji River and Suruga Highway (Kawachi Road). After the death of Nobutada and senior members of Anayama clan's superior, the Obikane clan, the Anayama clan left leaderless, so they decided to pledge allegiance to Ieyasu and follow his orders.{{sfn|Hirayama|2015|pp=126–127}} Later, Ieyasu dispatched [[:jp:曽根昌世|Sone Masatada]], formerly one of the three Shingen Takeda's most prominent generals,{{efn|the other two was said to be [[Yamagata Masakage]] and Sanada Masayuki.<ref name="rekishikaido; Tensho-Jingo1" />}} to Erinji area with 500 mens to confront a Hōjō troops numbered 3,000 mens, which Masatada manage to defeat and inflict 600 to 700 casualties on them. On June 12, Masatada joined force with another former Takeda vassal, [[:jp:岡部正綱|Okabe Masatsuna]].,<ref name="rekishikaido; Tensho-Jingo1">{{cite web |author1=Wada Yasuhiro (和田裕弘) |title=曽根昌世、岡部正綱、依田信蕃、下条頼安～「天正壬午の乱」で徳川家康の窮地を救った人々 |trans-title=Masayo Sone, Masatsuna Okabe, Nobutaka Yoda, Yorian Shimojo - People who saved Tokugawa Ieyasu from a difficult situation during the Tensho Jingo war |url=https://rekishikaido.php.co.jp/detail/10528 |website=rekishikaido |publisher=PHPオンライン |pages=1–2 |access-date=11 June 2024 |language=Ja |date=2023}}</ref> and a senior Tokugawa general, Osuga Yasutaka.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Sakai Yōko |year=1999 |title=家康家臣団における大須賀康高の役割 |trans-title=The Role of Yasutaka Osuga among Ieyasu's Retainers |series=日本歴史 No.612 |publisher=日本歴史学会 編 |pages=59–77 |url=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I4712510 |access-date=14 July 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> On the same day, Yoda Nobushige set off to Saku District and manage to rally around 3,000 Takeda clan retainers as Ieyasu instructed.{{sfn|Hirayama|2015|p=128}} Several days later in 17 June, Osuga Yasutaka, a senior Tokugawa vassal, met withinspected the troops of Masatada, where he commended the cooperation of Masatada lieutenant, Kubota Masakatsu.<ref name="rekishikaido; Tensho-Jingo1" /> Later on June 28, Ieyasu also dispatched the Anayama clan of the former Takeda vassal, to resist the Hōjō clan, while he also sent his generals such as [[Ōkubo Tadayo]], Ishikawa Yasumichi and Honda Hirotaka along with his son Yasushige as reinforcement for them to resist The Hōjō.{{sfn|Hirayama|2015|pp=132–133}} At certain point of this war, the Tokugawa clan also gained support fromt the [[:jp:知久氏|Tomohisa clan]].{{efn|The Tomohisa clan was a powerful clan that ruled the Ryuto area (left bank of the Tenryu River) in Shimoina during the medieval era. They were originally from Chikuzawa (modern day Minowa Town, [[Kamiina District, Nagano]]) and was said to be one of the branch of [[Suwa clan]]. During the Tensho-Jingo war, the Tomohisa was the ruler of [[:jp:知久平城|Chikudaira Castle]], a Japanese castle located in Chikudaira, Shimo-Kuken, Iida City.<ref>{{cite web |title=知久平城跡（ちくだいらじょうあと） 1区域 |trans-title=Chikudaira Castle Ruins: Area 1 |url=https://www.city.iida.lg.jp/site/bunkazai/chikudairajo.html |website=飯田市ホームページ |publisher=Iida City |access-date=14 July 2024 |language=Ja |year=2024}} Reference:

As the triangle battle undergoing between the three factions, subsequently, order werewas restored in [[Owari Province|Owari province]] as the rebellion of Akechi Mitsuhide already suppressed in the [[Battle of Yamazaki]], Ieyasu also informed the Oda clan the developments in Shinano and Kai.{{sfn|Hirayama|2015|pp=82, 124, 126}} In response, on July 7, as the Oda clan learned the defeat of [[Takigawa Kazumasu]] at the [[Battle of Kanagawa]] by the Hōjō clan, [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] sent a letter to Ieyasu to give him authorization for leading military operations secure the two provinces of Kai and Shinano from Hōjō and Uesugi clan.{{efn|Ieyasu's position and actions here are not those of an independent feudal lord, but as a feudal lord under the Oda regime, with the aim of defeating the Hojo clan <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Miyagawa Nobuo |date=2012|title=天正期北関東政治史の一齣 : 徳川・羽柴両氏との関係を中心に |trans-title=A Scene in the Political History of Northern Kanto during the Tensho Period: Focusing on the Relationship with the Tokugawa and Hashiba Clan|url=http://repo.komazawa-u.ac.jp/opac/repository/all/32738/|journal=駒沢史学|issue=78|pages=19–37|publisher=駒沢史学会|issn=0450-6928}}（Addendum: Kazuhiro Marushima (丸島和洋), 2011, page 4）</ref>}}

Ieyasu deployed his forces in various fortsfortresses in the [[Kōfu]] Basin againstto oppose Ujinao, who camped his army in the area of present-day Hokuto City. Hattori Hanzō led the Iga clan warriors to Katsuyama Castle (Kamisone-cho, Kofu City), Misakuchi Castle, and Kotohirayama Castle (Misakuchi-cho, Kofu City), where he monitored the Nakamichi road connecting the Kai and Suruga provinces.{{sfn|Hirayama|2011|pp=240–245}} In the middle of this conflictFurthermore, Ieyasu manage to further recruit more samurai clans formerly served under various Takeda generals such as [[Ichijō Nobutatsu]], [[Yamagata Masakage]], and [[Hara Masatane]], throughwith the assistance of Ii Naomasa. as heNaomasa corresponding around 41 letters of submission to the Tokugawa clan.<ref>{{harvtxt|Toshikazu Komiyama |2002 |p=50～66 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Kōya Nakamura |author1-link=Kōya Nakamura |title=德川家康公傳 / Tokugawa Ieyasu-kō den |date=1965 |publisher=東照宮社務所 |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/tokugawa-ieyasu-ko-den/oclc/25486453 |access-date=15 May 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> Furthermore, Naomasa also received another letter of submission from Obata Nobusada, leader of Takeda clan red armored cavalry troops.{{efn|different person than [[Obata Masamori|Obata Masamori Nobusada]], who already died at that moment.<ref name="Naomasa Letter;Noda">{{cite news |author1=Fujii Takumi |title=井伊直政、新たな書状原本 25、26日に彦根で公開、講演も|trans-title=Naomasa Ii's new original letter will be released in Hikone on the 25th and 26th, and he will also give a lecture. |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASRCN7J75RCBPTJB00K.html |website=asahi |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun Company |access-date=23 May 2024 |language=Ja |date=2023}}</ref>}} On July 9, Masayuki changed his allegiance from the Uesugi clan to the Hōjō as he surrendered to Hojo Ujinao,{{sfn|Shinichi|2005|p=33}} and began building a system of forifications to station his vassals in Ueno Province.<ref name="Tensho-Jingo; SengokuHis editor">{{cite web |author1=Senhish Editorial Department |title=「天正壬午の乱（1582年）」信長死後、旧武田領は戦国武将たちの草刈り場に！ |trans-title=After Nobunaga's death during the Tensho Jingo War (1582), the former Takeda territory became a battlefield for Sengoku warlords! |url=https://sengoku-his.com/453 |website=戦国ヒストリ |publisher=sengoku-his.com |access-date=11 June 2024 |language=Ja |date=2020 |quote=Masaru Hirayama, Sanada Nobushige: The Truth About the Man Called Yukimura (KADOKAWA, 2015); Hirayama Masaru, "The Tensho Jingo Rebellion: Revised and Enlarged Edition" (Ryokosho Publishing, 2015); Hirayama Masaru, "Three Generations of the Sanada" (PHP Institute, 2011)}}</ref> Subsequently, On July 12 as the troops under [[Hōjō Ujinao]] advanced across Usui Pass, Nobushige resisted them, abandoned the [[Komoro Castle]], and retreated to a fortress which he deemed more suitable to defend against the Hōjō army.{{sfn|Hirayama|2011|p=273}} Later On July 16, Sadayoshi launched an attack on Fukashi Castle, forcing Dōsetsusai along with Hidemasa surrendered to Sadayoshi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=武田氏家臣団人名辞典 |trans-title=Dictionary of the Takeda Clan's Vassals|date=2015|publisher=東京堂出版|author=Masaru Hirayama|chapter=Hoshina Masatoshi}}</ref> Ujinao advanced his troops while leaving the siege against the castle to his general, [[Daidōji Masashige]]. Meanwhile, the Hōjō negotiate truce with the Uesugi in July 19 so they could focus the front towards the Tokugawa in Kai province, much to the dismay of Masayuki as he hoped to secure his territory in Numata instead from the Uesugi.<ref name="Tensho-Jingo; SengokuHis editor" /> The resistances of local warlords against Hōjō increased during this time, as an Ogasawara clan branch in Mishima Izu province under Ogasawara Hirokatsu also resisted the Hōjō clan. However, the Hōjō clan beating them in battle as Hirokatsu's father killed and he was forced to retreat into Mitsuba Castle in Suruga province.<ref>{{Cite book|date=1964|author=Takayanagi Mitsutoshi |title=Kansei chōshū sho kafu (edited version)|volume=4|publisher=続群書類従完成会|isbn=978-4-7971-0208-6|page=63}}</ref> Meanwhile, the Enoshita clan, another local clan of former Takeda clan, which led by Enoshita Norikiyo, also showing their resistance against the Hōjō as they fought and beat a Hōjō troops detachment at the Battle of Sakaguchi.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Shunroku Shibatsuji |title=「武田遺臣「上野国・榎下文書」の紹介」 |trans-title="Introduction to the Takeda retainers' "Enoshita clan's documents of Kozuke Province"" |journal=Takeda Research |date=2007 |issue=37 |publisher=Takeda Research Group |language=Ja |quote=included in "Regional control of the Takeda clan territory during the Warring States period" (Iwata Shoin, 2005)}}</ref>

In the final phase of this war, in October 19, Sanada Masayuki suddenlyopenly changeddeclared his allegiance again as now he helpedto the Tokugawa clan by attacking Nezu Masatsuna, a lieutenant of Hōjō Ujinao, and cooperating with Yoda Nobushige to resist the Hōjō clan forces around Komoro, as Ieyasu instructed. It was believed by historian that the Information about Masayuki's defection have reached the Hojo clan in early October,{{sfn|Shinichi|2005|p=34}} as there are document of letters from Sone Masatada and Yoda Nobushige praising Sanada Masateru for his success to convince Masayuki to join the Tokugawa side.<ref name="rekishikaido; Tensho-Jingo1" /> In response for Masayuki betrayal, a commander of Hōjō forces named Fujita Ujikuni tried to capture Numata castle. However, he failed to do so as Masayuki resisted his attempt.{{sfn|Shinichi|2005|pp=35–36}} In October 21, the Tokugawa troops in Saku district manage to capture Mochizuki Castle. In response, the Hōjō side recalled Hojo Tsunanari and others from Kai Province, and ordered Nyudo Urano, lord of Ooto Castle in Agatsuma County, to immediately attack Iwabitsu Castle. Masayuki and Yoda Nobutaka then cut off communication between Komoro Castle and Tomono Castle.<ref name="Tensho-Jingo; SengokuHis editor" /> Later in October 24, Ieyasu issued ''Shuinjō'' (Red Seal Permit) to Masanao which granting him control for half of the Ina district, and he forced the Naito clan that had remained in [[Takatō Castle]] to switch their allegiance to the Tokugawa side. In November, Masanao attacked [[Minowa Castle]], and caused Fujisawa Yorichika, the lord of who was on the side of Hōjō, to commit suicide. Masanao also expelled his grandson and annexed the Minowa territory. As a result, Masanao took control of Kamiina district around Takato Castle.{{sfn|Hirayama|2015|pp=288–291}} In October 26, the Tokugawa manage to capture Ashida Castle, while Masayuki provided military supplies to secure the castle. Nobushige also captured Uchiyama Castle, successfully cutting off the Hojo army's supply route. Eventually, together with Masayuki, they occupied Usui Pass, and then captured Iwamurata Castle. Thus, the battle in Saku County was in Tokugawa's favor, and Masayuki retreated to his main territory.<ref name="Tensho-Jingo; SengokuHis editor" />

The problems for the Hōjō clan increased by days as Ieyasu also establish contact with daimyo lords from north-east Japan such as the since the [[Satake clan|Satake]], [[Yūki clan|Yuki]], and Utsunomiya clan, who threatened to invade the Hōjō from behind while the Hōjō still engaging Ieyasu in battle.<ref name="Susumu Shimazaki; Tensho Jingo war" /> As the war turned in favor of Ieyasu, combined with the defection of Sanada Masayuki to the Tokugawa side, the Hōjō now negotiate truce with Ieyasu.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Masaru Hirayama |title=真田信之 : 父の知略に勝った決断力 |date=2016 |publisher=PHP研究所 |isbn=9784569830438 |url=https://www.book61.co.jp/book.php/N74723 |access-date=17 May 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> and

The Hōjō clan then sent Hōjō Ujinobu as representative, while the Tokugawa sent Ii Naomasa as representative for the pre eliminary meetings.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Aida Nirō |title=日本古文書学の諸問題 |date=1976 |publisher=名著出版 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SrANAQAAMAAJ |access-date=15 May 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=千葉琢穂 |title=藤原氏族系図 6 |trans-title=Fujiwara clan genealogy 6 |date=1989 |publisher=展望社 |page=227 |url=https://www.kosho.or.jp/products/detail.php?product_id=3188838 |access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref> Furthermore, In October, representatives from the Oda clan such as [[Oda Nobukatsu]], [[Oda Nobutaka]], and Toyotomi Hideyoshi who has mediated the negotiation untilfrom October 1582, also assisted the truceratification officiallyof concludedthe truce.<ref>{{harvtxt|Kazuhiro Marushima (丸島和洋)|2015|pp=33–52}}</ref> Meanwhile, Sanada Nobutada, a younger brother of Sanada Masayuki, was given 5,000 koku worth revenue of territory to his control by Ieyasu,<ref>{{harvtxt|Shunroku Shibatsuji (柴辻俊六) 1996 |publisher=吉川弘文館 |p=72}}</ref> and Okabe Masatsuna rewarded with 7,600 koku of domain inbetween Kai and Shinano province.<ref name="rekishikaido; Tensho-Jingo1" /> In the aftermath of the war, Ieyasu once again sent Tadatsugu in December to subdue Suwa Yoritada at [[Suwa, Nagano|Suwa]] in Shinano, where Tadatsugu manage to defeat Yoritada and secure his surrender to the Tokugawa clan this time.<ref name="tenshojingoAbeNishimura">{{Cite book|author1=Abe Takashi|author2=Nishimura Keiko|title=戦国人名事典|trans-title=Encyclopedia of Sengoku People |edition=コンパクト|publisher=新人物往来社|date=1990|isbn=4-404-01752-9 |page=440}}</ref>

In 1583, Ieyasu also had a detachment from Ii Naomasa's troops to conquer Takatō area of Shinano, which still not submitted to Tokugawa clan.<ref name="hiroyuki kikuchi; Ii Naomasa">{{cite web |author1=hiroyuki kikuchi (菊地浩之) |title=｢井伊の赤鬼｣と恐れられた直政は実は名将ではなかった…関ヶ原の合戦後42歳で死んだ徳川四天王最年少の生涯 |url=https://president.jp/articles/-/75500?page=2 |website=President Online（プレジデントオンライン） |access-date=4 June 2024 |pages=1–5 |language=Ja |date=2023|quote=Hiroko Noda; Ii Naomasa; Hikone castle Museum}}</ref> Meanwhile, Nobushige led the attack against the [[Tomono clan]] which did not submit to Ieyasu, and defeated them.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Nagano Prefecture |title=長野県史 通史編 第3巻 中世 |trans-title=Nagano Prefecture History General History Volume 3 Middle Ages |date=1987 |publisher=Nagano Prefecture History Publishing Association |location=[[Nagano (city)]] |page=371 |url=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000001-I19111009950844410 |access-date=6 June 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> However, in the middle of operation, Yoda Nobushige was [[killed in action]]. Yoda Yasukuni, who succeeded him as head of the Yoda clan, was given the surname Matsudaira and Komoro Castle. The territory he was allowed to inherit was 60,000 koku, one of the largest for any vassal of Ieyasu at the time.<ref>{{cite web |title=依田（芦田）信蕃（のぶしげ） |trans-title=Yoda Nobushige (Ashida) |url=https://www.komoro-tour.jp/spot/castle/history/person03/ |website=こもろ観光局Komoro Tourism Bureau |publisher=Komoro Tourism Bureau |access-date=6 June 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> Meanwhile, regarding Yashiro Hidemasa, who surrendered to Ogasawara Sadayoshi, also joined the Tokugawa clan later in April 1, 1584, together with his younger brother Ogasawara Mitsutoshi.{{sfn|Hirayama|2011|p=128}}<ref>{{harvtxt|Kazuhiro Marushima (丸島和洋) |Shunroku Shibatsuji (柴辻俊六) |Masaru Hirayama (平山優) |Motoki Kuroda (黒田基樹) |2015|p=677}}</ref>

The conflict with Hideyoshi become dragged down, until Nobukatsu decided to surrender to Hideyoshi. By this event, Ieyasu lost his motivation to further oppose Hideyoshi, then decided to also submit to Hideyoshi.<ref name=Sansom />{{sfn|Turnbull|1998|p=235}} After the peace negotiation between Ieasu Tokugawa with [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] on the aftermath of [[battle of Komaki and Nagakute]], Tadatsugu, Naomasa, Tadakatsu, and Yasumasa gained fame in Kyoto. Then in following month, the three of them joined by Tadatsugu Sakai to accompany Ieyasu in his personal trip to Kyoto, where the four of them "became famous".<ref name="徳川四天王">{{cite book |author1=Tetsuo Nakamura |author2=Kazuo Murayama |title=徳川四天王: 精強家康軍団奮闘譜 歴史群像シリーズ22号 |date=1991 |publisher=学研プラス |isbn=4051053679 |pages=111, 125 }}</ref>

Later in October 28 of the same year, a [[:jp:和賀・稗貫一揆|massive rebellion]] against the Toyotomi government in [[Mutsu Province]] which incited by Hienuki Hirotada and Waga Yoshitada has broke out. In response, Hideyoshi sent a punitive expedition with 30,000 army in strength led by Ieyasu Tokugawa, [[Toyotomi Hidetsugu]], [[Date Masamune]], [[Ishida Mitsunari]], [[Ōtani Yoshitsugu]], [[Gamō Ujisato]], [[Uesugi Kagekatsu]], [[Satake Yoshishige]], and [[Maeda Toshiie]], in order to pacify those rebellions.<ref name="Aomori Wagahienuki">{{cite book |author1=青森県 |title=青森県史: 資料編. 中世, Volume 1 |trans-title=Aomori Prefectural History: Documents. Middle Ages, Volume 1 |date=2004 |publisher=Aomori Prefecture History Editor Medieval Section|pages=274, 702 |url=https://www2.i-repository.net/contents/kenshi-front/ |access-date=19 May 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref>

Historian Adam Sadler saw this step as the riskiest by Ieyasu ever made—to leave his home province and rely on the uncertain loyalty of the formerly Hōjō clan samurai in Kantō. In the end however, it worked out brilliantly for Ieyasu. He reformed the Kantō region, controlled and pacified the Hōjō samurai and improved the underlying economic infrastructure of the lands. Also, because Kantō was somewhat isolated from the rest of [[Japan]], Ieyasu was able to ally with daimyos of north-east Japan such as [[Date Masamune]], [[Mogami Yoshiaki]], [[Satake Yoshishige]] and [[Nanbu Nobunao]]; he was also able to maintain a unique level of autonomy from [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]]'s rule. Within a few years, Ieyasu had become the second most powerful [[daimyo]] in Japan. It was said by anecdotal proverb that: "Ieyasu won the Empire by retreating."<ref>[[#Adam|Sadler]], p. 164.</ref> However, modern Japanese historians rejected this step as inherently deliberate move by Ieyasu since it was an order from Hideyoshi.<ref name="Ando Yuichiro; Tokugawa Kanto" /> Nevertheless, [[:jp:渡邊大門|Watanabe Daimon]] stated that the general opinion usually though Ieyasu was reluctant about his transfer to Kantō. Daimon stated the perception of Ieyasu's reluctance were unfounded. Instead, Daimon suspected that Ieyasu actually responded this transfer positively as he saw huge undeveloped potential by making Edo as his seat of power.<ref>{{cite web |title=徳川家康は泣く泣く江戸に行ったのではなく、実は前向きだった |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/af0ad7e21140c617714675385d17bea40f7b2f45 |website=yahoo.co.jp/expert |publisher=渡邊大門 無断転載を禁じます。 © LY Corporation |access-date=2 June 2024 |author=Watanabe Daimon|language=Ja |date=2023}}</ref>{{efn|Historian [[:jp:安藤優一郎|Andō Yūichirō]] added, the true intention of Hideyoshi transfering Ieyasu to Kantō was to weaken the power of Tokugawa clan by moving them from their ancestral land in Mikawa, as he expected the former Hōjō vassals in Kantō would rebel against Ieyasu.<ref name="Ando Yuichiro; Tokugawa Kanto" /> However, Kahara Toshi stated recent academic consensus that this step by Hideyoshi better viewed as sign of his trust of Ieyasu capability to rebuilt the post-war Kantō.<ref name="Kahara Toshi; Tokugawa Kanto">{{cite web |author1=Kahara Toshi |title=｢家康へのいやがらせ｣ではなかった…最新研究でわかった｢秀吉が家康を関東に追いやった本当の理由｣ |trans-title=It wasn't "harassment for Ieyasu"...Recent research reveals "the real reason Hideyoshi drove Ieyasu to Kanto |url=https://president.jp/articles/-/74422?page=1 |website=President Online |access-date=4 June 2024 |pages=1–4 |language=Ja |date=2022}}</ref>}} Similarly, Andō Yūichirō also viewed this transfer were rather an advantage for the Tokugawa regime in the long run as this move was not only doubled the territories he control, but he also further added the bulk of new vassals in Kantō to the already impressive political and military power of Tokugawa regime as they already absorbed the army of Imagawa clan and Takeda clan before. Yūichirō also added that aside from the samurai clans from Imagawa, Takeda, and Hōjō, the Mikawa samurai clans which was Tokugawa clan traditional followers also lose their sense of independence after being transferred into new unfamiliar territory, while increasing their sense of dependence towards Ieyasu, thus in effect further minimize the possibility of them to going renegade and betraying Ieyasu, just like Ishikawa Kazumasa had done several years earlier.<ref name="Ando Yuichiro; Tokugawa Kanto">{{cite web |author1=Andō yūichirō |title=だから織田と豊臣はあっさり潰れた…徳川家康が｢戦国最後の天下人｣になれた本当の理由 |trans-title=The reason why Oda and Toyotomi were easily defeated... Tokugawa Ieyasu was the "last of the Sengoku period." |url=https://president.jp/articles/-/64535?page=1 |website=President Online |access-date=4 June 2024 |pages=1–4 |language=Ja |date=2022}}</ref>

In March, subsequent with Waga-Hienuki rebellion, [[Kunohe rebellion]] also broke out in March 13, 1591. This causing the punitive expedition army to take measure of this development by splitting their forces as Ieyasu, Naomasa, Ujisato, and some commanders were now changing their focus to suppress Masazane's rebellion first.<ref name="Hideyoshi rebellion; Seiji Kobayashi">{{harvtxt|Seiji Kobayashi |1994 |p=189}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Iwate Prefectural Educational Research Institute |title=岩手県史 |trans-title=Iwate Prefecture History |date=1966 |publisher=杜陵印刷 |page=105 |url=https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/en/books/R100000002-I000001190277 |access-date=15 May 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> Ieyasu, which at that time also busy in suppressing rebellions with his main commanders such as Sakakibara Yasumasa, Ii Naomasa, and Honda Tadakatsu, arrived at Iwatesawa, Tamazukuri district, Mutsu (modern day[[Iwadeyama, Miyagi|Iwadeyama]] Town, Tamazukuri, [[Miyagi Prefecture]]) on August 18, where he camped until October and led the troops.<ref name="所沢市史, Volume 10; Kunohe rebellion & Kanto">{{cite book |author1=所沢市史編さん委員会 |title=所沢市史, Volume 10 |date=1979 |publisher=所沢市 |page=466 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3gE0AQAAIAAJ |access-date=30 May 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> During the operation against the Kunohe clan rebels, Naomasa Ii became the vanguard with [[Nanbu Nobunao]]. As they advanced towards Kunohe castle, they faced a small forces of Kunohe rebels which easily defeated.<ref name="Hideyoshi rebellion; Seiji Kobayashi" /> As they approached the Kunohe castle, Naomasa suggested to the other commanders to besiege the Kunohe's castle until they surrender, which met with agreement from them.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ishidoriya Town History Compilation Committee |title=石鳥谷町史 上-下卷 [1-2] · Volume 1 |date=1979 |publisher=石鳥谷町 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dBs5AAAAMAAJ |access-date=15 May 2024}}</ref> On 4 September, the rebels executed the prisoners inside the castle and committing mass suicide after setting fire which burned the castle for three days and three nights and killed all within.<ref name="Turnbull;Kunohe">{{cite book|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen|title=Hatamoto: Samurai Horse and Foot Guards 1540-1724|year=2010|publisher=Osprey|language=English|isbn=9781846034787}}</ref><ref name="Hideyoshi rebellion; Seiji Kobayashi" /><ref name="Aomori Wagahienuki" /> The rebellions finally being suppressed June 20 with Waga Yoshitada being slain in battle,<ref>{{cite book |author1=中央公論新社(編) |title=歴史と人物 Volume 11 |trans-title=History and People volume 11 Interesting People Japanese History Ancient and Medieval Edition |date=2020 |publisher=中央公論新社(編) |isbn=9784128001453 |page=104 |url=https://books.rakuten.co.jp/rb/17253284/ |access-date=19 May 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref> while Hienuki Hirotada sentenced to "''[[:jp:改易|Kaieki law]]''" which stated that he and his clan's status and rights as samurai being stripped.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hosoi Kei |title=南部と奥州道中 |trans-title=Nanbu and Oshu Road |url=https://www.yoshikawa-k.co.jp/book/b33887.htm|publisher=Yoshikawa Kobunkan|date=2002|page=104 |isbn=4642062068}}</ref> As the operation ended, Ieyasu return to Edo on October 29 and began managing his new territory in the Kantō region.<ref name="所沢市史, Volume 10; Kunohe rebellion & Kanto" /> In the end, Ieyasu manage to establish his home base in Kantō, as he built sustainable economic infrastructure in those region.{{sfn|Nishimoto|2010|p=141}} Furthermore, to streamline the Tokugawa clan's economy, Ieyasu also employed [[:jp:後藤庄三郎|Gotō Shōzaburō]], head of the gold mining and metal industries of Sengoku period, to mint gold coins and establish a bank-like institution for the Tokugawa clan's government.<ref name="Hamada Kōichirō Ieyasu vassals">{{cite web |author1=Takayuki Emiya (江宮隆之) |author2=Rekishijin Editorial Department |title=徳川幕府の日本銀行・金座の当主であった造幣ブレーン「後藤庄三郎」とは？ |trans-title=Who was Goto Shozaburo, the minting brain behind the Tokugawa Shogunate's Bank of Japan and Gold Mint? |url=https://www.rekishijin.com/28213 |website=Rekishijin |publisher=ABC ARC, inc. |access-date=24 June 2024 |language=Ja |date=2023 |quote=From "The Truth About Tokugawa Ieyasu" in the February 2023 issue of Rekishijin article}}</ref>

* The government of Japan under Toyotomi rule have an accident when seven military generals consisted of [[Fukushima Masanori]], [[Katō Kiyomasa]], [[Ikeda Terumasa]], [[Hosokawa Tadaoki]], [[Asano Yoshinaga (Lord of Hiroshima)|Asano Yoshinaga]], [[Katō Yoshiaki]], and [[Kuroda Nagamasa]] came into conflict with Ishida Mitsunari. It was said that the reason of this conspiracy was dissatisfaction of those generals towards Mitsunari as he wrote bad assessments and underreported the achievements of those generals during the Imjin war against Korea & Chinese empire.<ref name="7 generals conspiracy; Mizuno" /> At first, these generals gathered at Kiyomasa's mansion in [[Osaka Castle]], and from there they moved into Mitsunari's mansion. However, Mitsunari learned of this through a report from a servant of [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] named Jiemon Kuwajima, and fled to [[Satake Yoshinobu]]'s mansion together with [[Shima Sakon]] and others to hide.<ref name="7 generals conspiracy; Mizuno">{{Cite journal |author =Mizuno Goki |title = 前田利家の死と石田三成襲撃事件 |trans-title=Death of Toshiie Maeda and attack on Mitsunari Ishida |date = 2013 |journal = 政治経済史学 |issue = 557号 |pages = 1–27 |url=https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1520290885037880832 |language=Ja}}</ref> When the seven generals found out Mitsunari was not in the mansion, they searched the mansions of various feudal lords in Osaka Castle, and Katō's army also approached the Satake residence. Therefore, Mitsunari and his party escaped from the Satake residence and barricaded themselves at [[Fushimi Castle]].<ref name="kasaya2000">{{Cite journal |author = Kasaya Kazuhiko|title = 豊臣七将の石田三成襲撃事件―歴史認識形成のメカニズムとその陥穽― |trans-title=Seven Toyotomi Generals' Attack on Ishida Mitsunari – Mechanism of formation of historical perception and its downfall |date = 2000 |journal = 日本研究 |issue = 22集 |language=Ja}}</ref> The next day, the seven generals surrounded Fushimi Castle with their soldiers as they knew Mitsunari was hiding there. Ieyasu, who was in charge of political affairs in Fushimi Castle during that moment, attempted to arbitrate the situation. The seven generals requested Ieyasu to hand over Mitsunari, which refused by Ieyasu. Ieyasu then negotiated the promised to let Mitsunari retire and to review the assessment of the Battle of Ulsan Castle in Korea which became the major source of this incident, and had his second son, [[Yūki Hideyasu]], to escort Mitsunari to Sawayama Castle. The seven generals reached agreement with Ieyasu to give pardon for Mitsunari, in condition that Mitsunari retire from his position as regent and he should reassess the administration records about the Korean war involving those generals.<ref>{{Cite journal |author = Kasaya Kazuhiko |title = 徳川家康の人情と決断―三成"隠匿"の顚末とその意義― |trans-title=Tokugawa Ieyasu's humanity and decisions – The story of Mitsunari's "concealment" and its significance |date = 2000 |journal = 大日光 |issue = 70号 }}</ref>{{efn|historian Watanabe Daimon stated from the primary and secondary sources text about the accident this was more of legal conflict between those generals with Mitsunari, rather than conspiracy to murder him. The role of Ieyasu here was not to physically protect Mitsunari from any physical harm from them, but to mediate the complaints of those generals.<ref name="7 generals Mitsunari; Watanabe Daimon">{{cite web |title=七将に襲撃された石田三成が徳川家康に助けを求めたというのは誤りだった |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/b9b580be2b347ecaf183e72ab6eb4039a09af98d |website=yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/ |publisher=渡邊大門 無断転載を禁じます。 © LY Corporation |access-date=2 June 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref>}}{{efn|Historians viewed this incident were not just simply personal problems between those seven generals against Mitsunari, as it was viewed as an extention of the political rivalries on greater scope between Tokugawa faction and anti-Tokugawa faction which led by Mitsunari. Since this incident, those military figures who had bad terms with Mitsunari would support Ieyasu later during the conflict of Sekigahara between Eastern army led by Tokugawa Ieyasu and Western army led by Ishida Mitsunari.<ref name="7 generals conspiracy; Mizuno" /><ref>{{Cite book|author=Mizuno Goki|chapter=石田三成襲撃事件の真相とは|trans-title=What is the truth behind the Ishida Mitsunari attack?|editor1=Watanabe Daimon |title=戦国史の俗説を覆す|publisher=柏書房|date=2016|language=Ja}}</ref> Muramatsu Shunkichi, writer of "''The Surprising Colors and Desires of the Heroes of Japanese History and violent womens''”, gave his assessment that the reason of Mitsunari failure in his war against Ieyasu was due to his unpopularity among the major political figures of that time.<ref>{{cite book |title=歴代文化皇國史大觀 |trans-title=Overview of history of past cultural empires |date=1934 |publisher=Oriental Cultural Association |location=Japan |page=592 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYHLa7bOSwAC |access-date=23 May 2024 |language=Ja}}</ref>}}

The [[Battle of Sekigahara]] was the biggest andas well as one of the most important [[List of Japanese battles|battles]] in Japanese feudal history. It began on October 21, 1600. Initially, theThe Eastern Army led by Tokugawa Ieyasu hadinitially numbered 75,000 men, whilewith the Western Army numberedat a strength of 120,000 men under [[Ishida Mitsunari]]. Ieyasu had also snucksecretly inacquired a supply of [[arquebus]]es.

Knowing that the [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] forces were heading towards [[Osaka]], Mitsunari decided to abandon his positions and marched to Sekigahara. Even though the Western Army had tremendous tactical advantages, Ieyasu had already been in contact with many of the daimyo in the Western Army for months, promising them land and leniency after the battle should they switch sides,. also havingIeyasu had also secretly communicated with [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]]'s nephew, [[Kobayakawa Hideaki]]. With a total of 170,000 soldiers facing each other, the Battle of Sekigahara ensued and ended with aan completeoverwhelming Tokugawa victory.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ Annales des empereurs du Japon]''. Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]], p. 405.</ref> AsAt the battleconclusion wereof finishedthe battle, Ieyasu then marched to Osaka castle, where [[Mōri Terumoto]], the grand commander of Western army, surrendered to him.<ref>{{harvtxt|Yano Kazutada |1926|pp=590~593}}</ref>

Later, theThe Western bloc wasquickly crushedcollapsed, and over the next few days Ishida Mitsunari and other western leaders such as [[Konishi Yukinaga]] and [[Ankokuji Ekei]] were captured and executed.<ref>Turnbull, Steven: ''The Samurai: a Military History'' (London, 1977), Osprey Publishing London, pp. 245–246</ref> However, Ieyasu alsowas angry toat his son Hidetada, duewhose toarmy thewas late arrivalto ofarrive, Hidetada army which causedleading to the dragged andan unexpectedly long siege against Ueda castle,. although the situation were quickly mitigated byHowever, Sakakibara Yasumasa whooffered offeredan explanation and testified in defense of Hidetada.<ref name="sakakibaraUeda" /> Meanwhile, Ieyasu also gave his pardon forpardoned his enemies who defended the Ueda castle, [[Sanada Masayuki]] and [[Sanada Yukimura]], at the behest of Ii Naomasa and [[Sanada Nobuyuki]].{{sfn|野田|2007|p=典拠史料は「真田家武功口上之覚」（『真田家文書』中巻、1982年}}

Ieyasu also redistribute the domain fiefs all daimyo lords who supported him during the war, such as the increase of Ii Naomasa into 180,000 koku.<ref name="徳川四天王 家康に天下を取らせた男たち ; Naomasa Ii">{{cite book |author1=川村 真二 |title=徳川四天王 家康に天下を取らせた男たち |date=2014 |publisher=PHP研究所 |isbn=978-4569761930 |page=54 |language=ja }}</ref> [[Ikeda Terumasa]] into 520,000 Koku.<ref name="Japanese Tea Ceremony Cha-No-Yu">{{cite book |author1=Arthur Lindsay Sadler |author1-link=Arthur Lindsay Sadler |title=Japanese Tea Ceremony Cha-No-Yu |date=2011 |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |isbn=9781462903597 |page=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=pS_RAgAAQBAJ&newbks= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pS_RAgAAQBAJ |access-date=29 April 2024 |language=En}}</ref> [[Tōdō Takatora]] for new domain which assessed at total of 200,000 koku,<ref name=kotobank /> [[Yūki Hideyasu|Yuki Hideyasu]] from 101,000 to 569,000 koku, Matsudaira Tadayoshi from 100,000 to 520,000 koku, [[Gamō Hideyuki]] from 180,000 to 600,000 koku, Maeda Toshinaga from 835,000 to 1,100,000 koku, [[Katō Kiyomasa]] from 195,000 to 515,000 koku, and Kuroda Nagamasa from 180,000 to 523,000 koku. Meanwhile, Fukushima Masanori had his 200,000 increased to 498,000 in [[Aki District, Hiroshima|Aki, Hiroshima]], while Ieyasu also promoted many of his own hereditary vassals to at least 10,000 koku increase for their stipends.<ref name="IeyasuSekigahara; Watanabe Daimon1">{{cite web |author1=Watanabe Daimon |title=関ヶ原合戦後、徳川家康が東軍諸将を大幅に加増し、厚遇した当たり前の理由 |trans-title=The obvious reason why Tokugawa Ieyasu gave large increases to the Eastern Army generals and treated them well after the Battle of Sekigahara |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/8ab5882df39ff56f4d9472da34df1f7d3afbcf72 |website=yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/ |publisher=渡邊大門 無断転載を禁じます。 © LY Corporation |access-date=2 June 2024 |language=Ja |date=2023}}</ref> Meanwhile, regarding the losers of Sekigahara war, Ieyasu left some western daimyo unharmed, such as the [[Shimazu clan]], but others were completely destroyed. [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] (the son of Hideyoshi) lost most of his territory which were under management of western daimyo, and he was degraded to an ordinary daimyo, not a [[Sesshō and Kampaku]] (regent) of Japan empire. In later years the vassals who had pledged allegiance to Ieyasu before Sekigahara became known as the ''[[fudai daimyō]]'', while those who pledged allegiance to him after the battle (in other words, after his power was unquestioned) were known as ''[[tozama daimyō]]''. ''Tozama daimyō'' were considered inferior to ''fudai daimyō''.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}} This redistributions of domains was done verbally, not by formal [[letter of intent]], as historian Watanabe Daimon suspected this was because Ieyasu still wary with the existence of Toyotomi clan which now inherited by [[Toyotomi Hideyori]].<ref name="IeyasuSekigahara; Watanabe Daimon1" />

in 1608 Ieyasu has Takatora assigned the control of [[Tsu Domain|Tsu]]{{sfn|Nakayama|2015}}<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yuji Yamada |translator=Atsuko Oda |title=The Ninja Book : The New Mansenshukai |date=2017 |publisher=Mie University Facultyof Humanities, Law and Economics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2FwUDgAAQBAJ |access-date=11 May 2024 |language=En}}</ref><ref name= "Gaku">{{cite book |last1=Oishi |first1=Gaku |title=江戸五百藩-ご当地藩のすべてがわかる |date=2020 |publisher=Chuokoron-Shinsha |isbn= 978-4128001354}}{{in lang|ja}}</ref> It was reported that the landholdings which Takatora received in Iga province were previously belongs to a lord named [[Tsutsui Sadatsugu]], which Ieyasu stripped off and give the rights to Takatora.{{Sfn|Tatsuo|2018|p=60}} The initial pretext were because Sadatsugu's sloppy governance of the domain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ict.ne.jp/~uenojyo/ |title=Iga Ueno Castle homepage |access-date=2007-04-09 |date=2002-04-09 |work=Iga Ueno Castle|language=Japanese}}</ref> However, historians arguing that the reason were because Sadatsugu behaved suspiciously visiting [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] at [[Osaka Castle]], without the Shogunate approval, while the land which Sadatsugu occupied was considered as important military strategic location.{{sfn|籔|1985|pp=213–214}} Furthermore, it was more though that in Ieyasu perspective to strip the land and give it to the Todo clan as political strategy against the Toyotomi clan, as despite his patronage to the Toyotomi family, Tōdō Takatora were considered as a close ally of Ieyasu. Thus by making him to control the portions of Iga province, it could pushed more strategic locations to the influence of Shogunate without directly provoking the Toyotomi faction in Osaka.{{Sfn|Tatsuo|2018|p=60}}

In 1612, [[Nossa Senhora da Graça incident]] occuredoccurred at Nagasaki, where [[Sakai bugyō|bugyō official of Sakai]] Hasegawa Fujihiro has trouble with Portuguese captain André Pessoa.{{sfn|Boxer|1951|pp=272–273}} The conflict between them increased as Pessoa and the merchants from [[Macau]] petitioned Ieyasu directly to complain about Hasegawa and [[Murayama Tōan]], magistrate of Ieyasu. As the [[Jesuits]] learning this affair, they were horrified when they found out about Pessoa's petition as they new that Hasegawa's sister Onatsu was a favorite concubine of Ieyasu.{{sfn|Boxer|1948|p=58}} Later, Pessoa ceased his decision as he learned the intrigue of shogunate. However, Fujihiro refused to forgive Pessoa's action to petition him.{{sfn|Boxer|1948|p=276}} Fujihiro encouraged Arima Harunobu, who wanted to retaliate for the prior Macau incident, to petition Ieyasu for the capture of Pessoa and the seizure of a merchant ship.<ref name="Historist036263" /> Ieyasu, who had entrusted Harunobu with the purchase of [[Agarwood]], was initially concerned that a retaliatory act would cut off trade with Portuguese ships.<ref name="Historist036263" /> Thus, the shogunate took lenient attitude to Pessoa, as [[Honda Masazumi]], with authorization from Ieyasu, gave Pessoa's envoy written assurances that Japanese sailors would be forbidden to travel to Macau, and any who did could be handled according to Portuguese laws.{{sfnm|Boxer|1951|1p=274|Boxer|1948|2p=57}} However, later Ieyasu gave Harunobu permission after he guaranteed that Manila ships of Spanish merchants, who had a personal alliance with Portugal, would replenish the raw silk and other goods carried by Portuguese ships, and he also expected Dutch ships to continue arriving.<ref name="Historist036263">{{Cite web|url=http://www.historist.jp/word_j_no/entry/036263/ |title=ノッサ・セニョーラ・ダ・グラッサ号事件(ノッサ・セニョーラ・ダ・グラッサごうじけん) / 日本史 -の-｜ヒストリスト［Historist］−歴史と教科書の山川出版社の情報メディア− |trans-title=Nossa Senhora da Graça incident (Nossa Senhora da Graça incident) |publisher=Yamakawa Publishing|date=2016 |accessdate=2020-11-18}}</ref> Then ultimately Ieyasu gave authorization to Hasegawa and [[Arima Harunobu]].{{sfn|Boxer|1948|p=58}} After several days battle which resulted in death of Pessoa, the remaining Portuguese merchants and missionaries were naturally concerned about their fates, especially since Ieyasu had personally ordered their execution. Harunobu, as a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] daimyo, interceded on the behalf of the Jesuits. Ieyasu changed his decision, and eventually, the merchants were allowed to leave for Macau with their properties. However, Ieyasu's Jesuit translator [[João Rodrigues Tçuzu]], who was replaced by William Adams.{{sfn|Milton|2011|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jZqNl1GnkoYC&pg=PT38]}} João Rodrigues then expelled from Japan by Ieyasu.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Takase Koichiro |title=キリシタン時代の貿易と外交 |trans-title=Trade and diplomacy in the Christian era|publisher=Yagi Shoten |year=2002 |isbn=4840620202 |pages=383–384}}</ref>

In 1612, the [[Okamoto Daihachi incident]] occuredoccurred where Okamoto Daihachi (岡本大八, baptismal name Paulo), a Christian aide to the [[rōjū]] [[Honda Masazumi]], and Arima Harunobu, were implicated in series of crimes such as bribery, conspiracy, forgery, and attempt to murder Hasegawa Fujihiro. Ieyasu angered when he heard that Catholic followers had gathered at Okamoto's execution to offer prayers and sing hymns.{{sfn|Murdoch|Yamagata|1903|p=498}}

In 1616, Tokugawa Ieyasu died at age 73.<ref name="screech85"/> The cause of death is thought to have been [[cancer]] or [[syphilis]]. The first Tokugawa ''shōgun'' was posthumously deified with the name Tōshō Daigongen ({{lang|ja|東照大權現}}), the "Great Gongen, Light of the East". (A ''[[Gongen]]'' is believed to be a [[Buddhahood|buddha]] who has appeared on Earth in the shape of a ''[[kami]]'' to save sentient beings). In life, Ieyasu had expressed the wish to be deified after his death to protect his descendants from evil. His remains were buried at the Gongens' mausoleum at Kunōzan, [[Kunōzan Tōshō-gū]] ({{lang|ja|久能山東照宮}}). As a common view, many people believe that after the first anniversary of his death, his remains were reburied at Nikkō Shrine, [[Nikkō Tōshō-gū]] ({{lang|ja|日光東照宮}}), and his remains are still there. Neither shrine has offered to open the graves, so the location of Ieyasu's physical remains is still a mystery. The mausoleum's architectural style became known as ''[[Gongen|gongen-zukuri]]'', that is [[Gongen|''gongen''-style]].<ref>[http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/g/gongenzukuri.htm JAANUS / Gongen-zukuri {{lang|ja|權現造}}<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> He was first given the [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] name Tosho Dai-Gongen ({{lang|ja|東照大權現}}), then after his death it was changed to Hogo Onkokuin ({{lang|ja|法號安國院}}).{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}} During this time, the chief physician who cared for him, Sotetsu Katayama, diagnosed Ieyasu with [[stomach cancer]]. However, Ieyasu misinterpret Katayama's diagnose of his illness as a mass of tapeworms problem. Thus, he did not take the medicine Sotetsu had prepared, and instead continued his own method of therapy which he believed could cure his perceived tapeworms problem. This resulted in Ieyasu's health became more deteriotated. Although his son, Hidetada, also warned him about his medical method, this only caused to anger Ieyasu, who had his pride as a person who possess high knowledge in medical field and ended instead exiling Sotetsu to the Shinshu [[Takashima Domain]].<ref>{{Cite book|Japanese book|author=Shinoda Tatsuaki|authorlink=Shinoda Tatsuaki|title=Medical Records of 15 Generations of Tokugawa Shoguns |series=Shincho Shinsho|dateyear=2005-05|isbn=978-4-10-610119-9}}</ref>{{Sfn|Miyamoto|1995}}

According to professor Watanabe Daimon, one of the biggest strengths of Ieyasu policies were his benevolence towards his subordinates and his capability to forgive his enemies and even his own generals who betrayed him during the Mikawa Ikkō-ikki uprising. This allowed him to gain the loyalty of the Mikawa samurai clans. As an example, during the battle of Mikatagahara, those who shielded Ieyasu and even gave their lives to allow his retreat were the ones who once fought against Ieyasu in the past and were pardoned by him.<ref name="IeyasuLoyaltyl; Watanabe Daimon.">{{cite web |author1=Watanabe Daimon |title=家康は根に持つ性格だったのか？それとも寛大な心を持つ人物だったのか |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/cb2e73b3bd7f66012fa5a7451307a18778df844e |website=yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/ |publisher=渡邊大門 無断転載を禁じます。 © LY Corporation |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=Ja |date=2023}}</ref> Ieyasu also once protected many former [[Takeda clan|Takeda]] retainers from the wrath of Oda Nobunaga, who was known to harbour a bitter grudge towards the Takeda. He managed successfully to transform many of the retainers of the Takeda, [[Hōjō clan|Hōjō]], and [[Imagawa clan]]s —all whom he had defeated himself or helped to defeat—into loyal vassals. At the same time, he was also ruthless when crossed. For example, he ordered the executions of his first wife and his eldest son—a son-in-law of Oda Nobunaga; Nobunaga was also an uncle of [[Tokugawa Hidetada|Hidetada]]'s wife [[Oeyo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.obama.fukui.jp/section/sec_sekaiisan/english/data/290.htm|title=Jyoukouji:The silk coloured portrait of wife of Takatsugu Kyogoku|date=May 6, 2011|access-date=February 15, 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506142910/http://www.city.obama.fukui.jp/section/sec_sekaiisan/english/data/290.htm|archive-date=May 6, 2011}}</ref> However, according to George Sansom, Ieyasu was cruel, relentless and merciless in the elimination of [[Toyotomi clan|Toyotomi]] survivors after [[Siege of Osaka|Osaka]]. For days, scores of men and women were hunted down and executed, including an eight-year-old son of [[Toyotomi Hideyori]] by a concubine, who was beheaded.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sansom |first=George |date=1963 |title=A History of Japan, 1615–1867 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjapan1600sansrich/page/8/mode/2up |location=Stanford |publisher=Stanford University Press |page=9 |isbn=9780804705264 |quote=The subsequent hunting down of the surviving defenders of Ōsaka was merciless. Day after day at least fifty or a hundred men were caught and killed, and soon their heads were exposed by the thousand on the road between Fushimi and Kyoto. Many tragic tales are told of the cruelty for which Ieyasu was responsible. The eight-year-old son of Hideyori by a concubine was decapitated on the public execution ground at Rokujō-Kawara. }}</ref> However, Ieyasu also known to be capable of forgiven, such as how he gave pardon to [[Watanabe Moritsuna]] after he rebelled against Ieyasu during Ikkō-ikki uprisings in Mikawa.<ref name="warandfaith;ikko;watanabe">{{cite book |author1=Carol Richmond Tsang |title=War and Faith |date=2007 |publisher=Harvard University Asia Center |isbn=9781684174577 |pages=200–234 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/9781684174577_008 |access-date=27 May 2024 |language=En |chapter=From Peak to Defeat, 1554–1580|doi=10.1163/9781684174577_008 }}</ref>

While at first tolerant of [[Christianity in Japan|Christianity]],<ref>Leonard, Jonathan, ''Early Japan'', Time-Life Books, New York, cl1968, p. 162</ref> his attitude changed after 1613 and the persecution of [[Kirishitan|Christians]] sharply increased, with Ieyasu completely banning [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] in 1614.<ref>Sansom, G. B., ''The Western World and Japan'', Charles E. Tuttle Company, Rutland and Tokyo, 1950, p. 132</ref> The hostility of Ieyasu towards catholicCatholics were shown when he replaced Jesuits translator João Rodrigues Tçuzu with William Adams in his court.{{sfn|Milton|2011|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jZqNl1GnkoYC&pg=PT38]}}<ref>{{Cite book|author=Takase Koichiro |title=キリシタン時代の貿易と外交 |trans-title=Trade and diplomacy in the Christian era|publisher=Yagi Shoten |year=2002 |isbn=4840620202 |pages=383–384}}</ref> This change of attitude also believed due to [[Okamoto Daihachi incident]], where a catholic daimyo and shogun's official were accused for the series of crimes.{{sfn|Murdoch|Yamagata|1903|p=498}} After the execution of Dahachi, Ieyasu reportedly said:

| || [[Doi Toshikatsu]] || Hōchiin-dono denshuhoonyotaiokyogendaikoji || || || || Matsudaira Chikakiyo's daughter || By concubines: Doi Toshitaka (1619–1685) of [[Koga Domain]]<br/>Doi Katsumasa<br/>Doi Toshinaga (1631–1696) of [[Nishio Domain]]<br/>Doi Toshifusa (1631–1683) of [[Ōno Domain]]<br/>Doi Toshinao (1637–1677) of Ōwa Domain<br/>Katsuhime married [[Ikoma Takatoshi]] of [[Yashima Domain]]<br/>Kazuhime married Hori Naotsugu (1614–1638) of [[Murakami Domain]]<br/>Katsuhime married [[Matsudaira Yorishige]] of [[Takamatsu Domain]]<br/>Inuhime married Inoue Yoshimasa<br/>Kahime married Nasu Sukemitsu (1628–1687) of [[Karasuyama Domain]]

A [[NHK]] show {{Nihongo|1='''''[[What Will You Do, Ieyasu?]]'''''|2=どうする家康|3=Dousuru Ieyasu|4='''''What Would You Do, Ieyasu?'''''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nhkworldpremium.com/en/program/425|title=Historical Drama "What Would You Do, Ieyasu?"|publisher=Japan International Broadcasting Inc.|accessdate=8 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408110902/https://nhkworldpremium.com/en/program/425|archivedate=8 April 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://pf.nhk-ep.co.jp/detail/84738012344|title= What will you do, Ieyasu?|access-date= December 1, 2022|work= NHK Enterprises}}</ref> is a [[Jidaigeki|Japanese historical drama]] television series depicted a semi-fictional history of Tokugawa Ieyasu which starred [[Jun Matsumoto]] as Ieyasu.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/01/a37b88b88e43-japan-pop-group-arashis-matsumoto-cast-as-lead-for-2023-nhk-drama.html|title= Japan pop group Arashi's Jun Matsumoto cast as lead for 2023 NHK drama|access-date= December 1, 2022|work= Kyodo News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/dramatopics-blog/2000/442313.html|title=2023年 大河ドラマ「どうする家康」主演は松本潤さん！|date=January 19, 2021|access-date=July 13, 2022|work=NHK}}</ref>