 | This template is used on approximately 28,000 pages and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own user subpage. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
Intent
The {{r}} (referencing) template allows to define and invoke any kind of full or shortened references (citations as well as footnotes) in articles in a very intuitive way, utilizing an easy-to-remember and very short notation, reducing a lot of clutter from article source code, thereby making it easier to read and maintain.
{{r}} provides means for links to references to carry additional information (like pages, quotations and other commentary) in a condensed format, thereby eliminating the need for an additional article section for shortened references (and hence avoiding the problems related to that approach like the extra layer of indirection of links, the real-estate occupied for, as well as the amount of whitespace created by that section, and the often unreliable proprietary linking system with ambiguous or dangling links as well as lacking backlinks from the full citations to the shortened references). Its annotation system can be used to enrich the full citation with information given where a reference gets invoked, to bundle multiple citations into one entry, or to group sub-references under the corresponding full reference (i.e. to implement r-style shortened citations).
By utilizing the MediaWiki Extension:Cite internally (instead of establishing an independent linking system (i.e. WP:CITEREF) on top of it), {{r}} also remains fully compatible with other referencing systems and will take advantage of any future improvements of the underlying system.
It can be used with raw text definitions for the references as well as be combined with other citation templates (like CS1/CS2).
Overview
In its basic format the template provides a compact shorthand for <ref name="RefName" /> citation tags, simplifying syntax so cutting code clutter.
It can also be used to define inline and/or list-defined references (LDR), including nested footnotes inside other footnotes (up to five levels deep). Citations can be provided as raw text citations or through other citation templates (such as the suite of CS1/CS2 citation templates).
Optionally, it allows to provide and display individual page numbers (or other in-source location information) and quotations (including language information and translations) from the source alongside the invocations of a reference (that is, the link to the reference). If the page numbers given are too unspecific for the quotation, an extra page number can optionally be given for the quotation only. The page number will be shown as superscript immediately following the reference link, the other related information is available as tooltip when hovering over that superscript. Plural page parameters have special support for lists and ranges, automatically converting hyphens to endashes—the accept-this-as-written markup to override the automatic conversion is supported as well.
The template allows the definition of reference annotation, which will be collected and appended to the end of the full citation defined earlier. This can be used to accumulate extra notes (including page numbers and quotes from the invocations), allows for citations defined at different locations to be bundled and residing under a single entry, or to group sub-references under the corresponding full reference.
The template parameters can take raw text information, but are also compatible with simple MediaWiki and HTML markup allowing for the usage of links and templates in template parameters. Such markup would be automatically stripped off for tooltip display, but passed on for other purposes (annotation system).
Custom link anchors can be enabled for the reference links as well as for reference definitions and various annotation, thereby allowing to smoothly blend in with other citation systems used on the same page, or to create sophisticated linking schemes with links to individual pieces of contents and backlinks to reference links (i.e. acting as shortened references).
The template allows to define and show a context section in the article prose to indicate which specific statements in the article are supported by the reference, if this isn't already obvious from where the reference link is positioned. The section can be divided into multiple pieces and can overlap with other sections defined for other references.
Missing page numbers can be indicated similar to {{Page needed}}.
For as long as the tooltip feature isn't occupied by the template to display quotations, the template will provide a tooltip by itself explaining the truncated page / location information attached to the link.
The template is compatible with the parameter names of most other citation templates, and it works for normal citations just as well as for any kinds of groups (i.e. for footnotes, including the predefined ones).
Bidirectional support (left-to-right, right-to-left) for citations is available if the corresponding CSS definitions are activated.
The template optimizes the visual kerning in the superscript and has configurable support for line wrapping after or within superscripts (with corresponding CSS).
The template is compatible with editing features such as the pipe trick and template substituting.
(The present implementation supports multiple citations, but this functionality may be moved to a wrapper like {{rr}} in the future in order to introduce a further simplified and more powerful calling convention to the core template {{r}}. For maximum future-compatibility, use {{rr}} when using enumerated parameters (to support multiple citations in one call) or use unnamed parameters.)
For example:
Using <ref>
|
For example, fact<ref name=Bal/><ref name=Bam/><ref name=Bar/> and fact.<ref name=Bas/><ref name=Bay/><ref name=Baz/>
|
|---|---|
Instead using {{r}}
|
For example, fact{{r|Bal|Bam|Bar}} and fact.{{r|Bas|Bay|Baz}}
|
{{r}} and <ref> can coexist on the same page, and like <ref>, {{r}} can be used with or without list-defined references. In addition, a |page= or |p= parameter adds the functionality of {{rp}}:
Using {{r}} with|p= parameter
|
For example, fact.{{r|RefName|p=22}}
Displays as: For example, fact.[7] |
|---|
Usage
In-source-location parameters
The in-source-location of a source can be specified with either |page=/|p= (for a single page), with |pages=/|pp= (for plural pages), or with |location=/|loc=/|at= for other in-source-locations.
The specified page number(s) can be a single page number (287), a list of several pages (xii, 287, 292, 418) or a range of pages (287–288) or any combination thereof. Do not add "Page", "pp.", etc.—just the numbers.
Other in-source-location information can also be used for non-numeric pages, for example: "f. 29", "A7", and "back cover", etc., and can also be used for non-paginated sources, e.g., "0:35:12" for a video source.
Choose one of the template parameters above according to the type of page or in-source-location specified.
While typically only one of these three types of parameters is given, it is also possible to combine them to suit more special use cases. If both, singular and plural page parameters are given at the same time, the plural page info is assumed to be the span of the article, whereas the singular page info is considered to be the page within that span supporting the statement. The template will indicate this by framing the singular page in square brackets following the plural page info. If an in-source-location is given in addition to the page info, the template assumes it to further detail the preceding page info rather than representing some kind of stand-alone in-source location info.
Do not attempt to use multiple aliases of a parameter at the same time. Only one will be chosen and the others may be ignored without error message.
Inline invocation
| Usage | Display | Notes |
|---|---|---|
{{r|RefName}}
|
Text.[7] | Equivalent to <ref name="RefName" />.
|
{{r|RefName|p=100}}
|
Text.[7]
Text.[7] Text.[7] Text.[7] Text.[7] Text.[7] |
Adds a page number (or other location identifier) within the source.
Use If the article cites only one location in a given source, reduce clutter by coding simply |
{{r|RefName|pages=10–14}}(endash)
|
Text.[7]
Text.[7] Text.[7] Text.[7] Text.[7] Text.[7] Text.[7] Text.[7] Text.[7] | |
{{r|RefName|Bam|Bar}}
|
Text.[7][2][3] | Equivalent to {{r|RefName}}{{r|Bam}}{{r|Bar}}or <ref name=RefName/><ref name=Bam/><ref name=Bar/>.
Up to nine references may be "bundled" this way. |
{{r|1=RefName|2=Bam|3=Bar|4=Bas|p1=100|pp2=10–14|at4=§C}}
|
Text.[7][2][3][4] | Equivalent to {{r|RefName|p=100}}{{r|Bam|pp=10–14}}{{r|Bar}}{{r|Bas|at=§C}}.
In the example, not all references have pages; make sure that e.g. |
{{r|group=Notes|NtName}}
|
Text.[Notes 1]
Text.[8] |
The |group=, |grp=, and |g= parameters are equivalent and echo <ref group=Notes name=NtName/>.
If present, the parameter applies to all references in the template. |
{{r|RefName|p=100|q=quote from the text}}
|
Text.[7] Text with a foreign-language quote supporting it.[7] |
Makes sense only if |p= (or one of its synonyms) is present. |quote= (or |q=) underlines the superscript page number/|quote-page= or |quote-pages= can be used to optionally specify a specific page or number of pages for the quote only. If this number is the same as what's defined through |p= or |pp=, the special symbolic tokens "p" and "pp" can be used instead of an actual page number. Curved quotes are disfavored by MOS:STRAIGHT.
|
{{r|1=RefName|2=Bam|3=Bar|4=Bas|p1=100|pp2=10–14|at4=§C|q1=Quote from 100|q4=Quote from §C}}
|
Text.[7][2][3][4] | In the example, not all references have quotes; make sure that e.g. |1= and |p1= and |q1= all match.
|
{{r |n=RefName2 |p=201 |r=Harold Smith (1989). ''Proper Referencing''. Atlanta Press. p. 105, 201.}}
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More[10][10] good[10] prose.[10] | Examples of inline definitions and nested footnotes. |
{{r |n=RefName4 |r=Citation A.}}
|
Two[10] citations[10] bundled into one entry, or one citation[10] with accumulated[10] commentary[10][10] from shortened references. | Examples of annotation. If the annotation should be the page number defined through |p= or what would be shown as quote in the tooltip, the special symbolic tokens "p" and "q" can be used with |annotation= in order to avoid having to repeat this contents.
|
{{r |n=RefName6 |r=Citation D.}}
|
A citation[10] with accumulated[10] commentary[10][10] using indentation in reference section and tooltip view. | Indentation in annotations. It can be achieved by adding : colons. If it is using for the quote parameter |q=, it can be achieved by using |leadin=.
|
{{r |n=RefName7 |r=Citation E. |s=Context7}}
|
Context sections of the article supported by the reference can be defined through {{section}} (or other means, see: LST). The three parts of section "Context7" in this example[10] are shown underlined for illustration purposes.[10] | Note: For this example to work, you will have to view it on the non-transcluded page: Click here! {{R}} will display its "context" as "dotted underline" tooltip (to be distinguished from the "dashed underline" tooltip further up) when hovering the mouse over the reference link. Multiple sections of the same name will be shown merged (without separator, hence include some delimiter like space into the sections). Note the special syntax used to define sections (with empty |begin= and |end= attributes). Keep the size of the selected sections reasonably short and do not forget to define the end of a section. When no name was specified, names are build following this scheme for context sections: "cite_sect-group-name-pagelocation" (where group, name, page (either page or pages) and location refer to the corresponding template parameters and can be empty if omitted).
|
References section
The ref names may be defined within a {{reflist}} (as illustrated below) or (in the more usual way) scattered throughout the article text using e.g. <ref name="RefName">Reference text</ref> or {{refn|name=RefName|Reference text}}.
===Notes===
{{reflist|group="Notes"|refs=
<ref name="NtName">Note text.</ref>
<ref name="NtCam">Cam note text.</ref>
}}
===References===
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="RefName">Reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Bam">Bam reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Bar">Bar reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Bas">Bas reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Bay">Bay reference text.</ref>
<ref name="Baz">Baz reference text.</ref>
}}
Resulting in:
- ^ Note text.
- ^ a b Bal reference text.
- ^ a b c d e Bam reference text.
- ^ a b c d e Bar reference text.
- ^ a b c d Bas reference text.
- ^ a b Bay reference text.
- ^ a b Baz reference text.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Reference text.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
NtNamewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
NtCamwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Cite error: The named reference
{{{1}}}was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Alternatively, the references can be defined through {{r}} itself:[1][2][3][4][5]The template only supports up to 5 references (edit it!). -->[6][7]
===Notes===
{{reflist|group="NB"|refs=
{{r|g=NB|NtName|r=Note text.}}
{{r|g=NB|NtCam|r=Cam note text.}}
}}
===References===
{{reflist|refs=
{{r|RefName|r=Reference text.}}
{{r|Bam|r=Bam reference text.}}
{{r|Bar|r=Bar reference text.}}
{{r|Bas|r=Bas reference text.}}
{{r|Bay|r=Bay reference text.}}
{{r|Baz|r=Baz reference text.}}
}}
Resulting in:
"" (see the help page).- ^ Cite error: The named reference
RefNamewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Bamwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Barwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Baswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Baywas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
NtNamewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
NtCamwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference with the name "RefName" has been invoked, but is not defined in the <references> tag (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference with the name "Bam" has been invoked, but is not defined in the <references> tag (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference with the name "Bar" has been invoked, but is not defined in the <references> tag (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference with the name "Bas" has been invoked, but is not defined in the <references> tag (see the help page).
Cite error: A list-defined reference with the name "Bay" has been invoked, but is not defined in the <references> tag (see the help page).
<references> tag (see the help page).R-style shortened references
The {{r}}-style annotation system can be used to create sub-references (as shortened citations) with back- or crosslinks grouped under their corresponding full citation. There are many possible variants, some illustrated below:
Example 1 (with backlinks and automatic numbering of sub-references, here also with nested citations):
Lorem ipsum{{r|n=C1|r=Citation 1}} dolor sit amet,{{r|n=C1|p=23|a=#[[#L1|^]] p. 23: Quotation from page 23. |link-id=L1}} consectetur adipisici elit,{{r|n=C2|r=Citation 2|p=92}} sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{r|n=C1|pp=56, 59|a=#[[#L2|^]] pp. 56, 59: Commentary on page 56 from review.{{r|n=C2|p=70}}|link-id=L2}}{{r|n=C3|r=Citation 3}}
===References===
{{reflist}}
Resulting in:
Lorem ipsum[1] dolor sit amet,[1] consectetur adipisici elit,[1] sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.[1][1]
Example 2 (with crosslinks, here also with nested citations):
Lorem ipsum{{r|n=C1|r=Citation 1}} dolor sit amet,{{r|n=C1|p=[[#P1|23]]|a=<br/>[[#L1B|^]] p. 23: Quotation from page 23.|id=P1|link-id=L1B}} consectetur adipisici elit,{{r|n=C2|r=Citation 2|p=92}} sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{r|n=C1|pp=[[#P2|56]], 59|a=<br/>[[#L2B|^]] pp. 56, 59: Commentary on page 56 from review.{{r|n=C2|p=70}}|id=P2|link-id=L2B}}{{r|n=C3|r=Citation 3}}
===References===
{{reflist}}
Lorem ipsum[1] dolor sit amet,[1] consectetur adipisici elit,[1] sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.[1][1]
Example 3 (with crosslinks and locally embedded inline quotations for tooltips, here also with nested citations):
Lorem ipsum{{r|n=C1|r=Citation 1}} dolor sit amet,{{r|n=C1|p=[[#P1C|23]]|qp=p|q=Quotation from page 23.|a=q|leadin=<br/>[[#L1C|^]] p. |id=P1C|link-id=L1C}} consectetur adipisici elit,{{r|n=C2|r=Citation 2|p=92}} sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{r|n=C1|pp=[[#P2C|56]], 59|qpp=pp|q=Commentary on page 56 from review.{{r|n=C2|p=70}}|a=q|leadin=<br/>[[#L2C|^]] pp. |id=P2C|link-id=L2C}}{{r|n=C3|r=Citation 3}}
===References===
{{reflist}}
Lorem ipsum[1] dolor sit amet,[1] consectetur adipisici elit,[1] sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.[1][1]
Spacing
Where multiple citations occur in series, {{r}} prevents line breaks between the citations. In this case, |wrap=yes can be used to allow a line break. Alternatively, if line breaks should be allowed also inside a long page / location information, |wrap=forced can be used instead (however, if this actually results in line breaks also depends on the browser, CSS and the skin selected).
Hyphens
Per MOS:DASH, page ranges should normally be declared with an ndash ({{r|name=RefName|pages=27–29}}→[1]: 27–29 ) rather than a hyphen. Tools like WP:AWB will automatically convert hyphens to dashes in such instances. For the plural page parameters |pages=, |pp= and |quote-pages= and aliases, {{r}} will automatically translate hyphens into ndashes for display purposes. (This does not apply to the singular and other in-source-location parameters |page=, |p=, |at=, |loc=, |quote-page= and aliases.) If the hyphen is actually desired for whatever reason, the "accept-this-as-written-markup" (which is also supported by {{rp}} and {{ran}}, the family of {{sfn}}- and {{harv}}-style templates, and all CS1/CS2 citation templates) can be used to indicate this ({{r|name=RefName|pages=((27-29)), 41}}→[1]: 27–29, 41 ).
Known issues
Editing features
Because of a technical limitation, some of the standard Wikipedia markup elements that are often used in the article prose do not work within a set of <ref>...</ref> tags, including but not limited to the pipe trick, template substitution and another "nested" set of <ref>...</ref> tags. For example, the following does not work as expected:
<ref>(Generates:[[Help:Footnotes| ]]</ref>[[Help:Footnotes| ]]> instead of a wikilink)<ref>{{SUBST:TODAY}}</ref>(Generates: {{SUBST:TODAY}} instead of the date that the edit was made)<ref>Explanatory footnote(Generates: Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). </ref>)<ref>Citation</ref></ref>
Replacing the outermost <ref>...</ref> set with {{r|r=...}} (or {{r|a=...}} allows for the use of the markup elements listed above.
Incompatibilities
Issues in this template make it incompatible with the {{excerpt}} template. {{r}} should not be used in sections that will be transcluded by {{excerpt}}.
TemplateData
TemplateData for R
Provides a simple wrapper for up to nine consecutive <ref name=RefName/> citation tags that minimizes visual impact on the text which, along with the simpler syntax, increases code readability and ease of editing.
| Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reference group | group grp g | The reference group of all the references displayed; see WP:REFGROUP for help.
| String | suggested |
| Reference name 1 | name n name1 n1 1 | If this is "RefName", the template displays.<ref name="RefName"/> | String | required |
| Page number: reference 1 | page p page1 p1 1p | Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Pages numbers: reference 1 | pages pp pages1 pp1 1pp | Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given.
| Content | suggested |
| In-source location: reference 1 | location location1 loc loc1 1loc at at1 | Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Page needed: Reason 1 | needed-reason needed reason needed-reason1 needed1 | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| String | optional |
| Quote: reference 1 | quote q quote1 q1 | A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified. | String | suggested |
| Quote page: reference 1 | quote-page qp quote-page1 qp1 | A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page1. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. | Content | optional |
| Quote pages: reference 1 | quote-pages qpp quote-pages1 qpp1 | A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages1. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. | Content | optional |
| Quote in-source location: reference 1 | quote-location quote-location1 quote-loc quote-loc1 quote-at quote-at1 | Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Quote language: reference 1 | language language1 lang lang1 l l1 quote-language quote-lang ql quote-language1 quote-lang1 ql1 | A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English). | Content | optional |
| Quote translation: reference 1 | translation translation1 trans trans1 t t1 trans-quote trans-quote1 tq tq1 xlat xlat1 | An optional English translation of a non-English quote. | String | optional |
| Reference definition 1 | reference r references notes note content text refn refs reference1 refn1 r1 | Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested.
| String | suggested |
| Reference annotation 1 | annotation annot a annotation1 annot1 a1 | Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page1 and q to use quote1.
| String | optional |
| Direction: Reference 1 | direction dir direction1 dir1 | Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.)
| Content | optional |
| Section: Reference 1 | section sec s section1 sec1 s1 | Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed.
| String | optional |
| Content anchor: reference 1 | id id1 ref ref1 1ref | Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Link anchor: reference 1 | link-id link-id1 | Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Quote origin: reference 1 | quote-cite qc quote-cite1 qc1 | Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source.
| String | optional |
| Reference name 2 | name2 n2 2 | If this is "RefName", the template displays.<ref name="RefName"/> | String | optional |
| Page number: reference 2 | page2 p2 2p | Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Pages numbers: reference 2 | pages2 pp2 2pp | Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| In-source-location: reference 2 | location2 loc2 2loc at2 | Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Page needed: Reason 2 | needed-reason2 needed2 | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| String | optional |
| Quote: reference 2 | quote2 q2 | A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified. | String | optional |
| Quote page: reference 2 | quote-page2 qp2 | A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page2. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. | Content | optional |
| Quote pages: reference 2 | quote-pages2 qpp2 | A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages2. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. | Content | optional |
| Quote in-source location: reference 2 | quote-location2 quote-loc2 quote-at2 | Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Quote language: reference 2 | language2 lang2 l2 quote-language2 quote-lang2 ql2 | A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English). | Content | optional |
| Quote translation: reference 2 | translation2 trans2 t2 trans-quote2 tq2 xlat2 | An optional English translation of a non-English quote. | String | optional |
| Reference definition 2 | reference2 refn2 r2 | Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested.
| String | optional |
| Reference annotation 2 | annotation2 annot2 a2 | Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page2 and q to use quote2.
| String | optional |
| Direction: Reference 2 | direction2 dir2 | Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.)
| Content | optional |
| Section: Reference 2 | section2 sec2 s2 | Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed.
| String | optional |
| Content anchor: reference 2 | id2 ref2 2ref | Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Link anchor: reference 2 | link-id2 | Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Quote origin: reference 2 | quote-cite2 qc2 | Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source.
| String | optional |
| Reference name 3 | name3 n3 3 | If this is "RefName", the template displays.<ref name="RefName"/> | String | optional |
| Page number: reference 3 | page3 p3 3p | Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Pages numbers: reference 3 | pages3 pp3 3pp | Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| In-source-location: reference 3 | location3 loc3 3loc at3 | Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Page needed: Reason 3 | needed-reason3 needed3 | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| String | optional |
| Quote: reference 3 | quote3 q3 | A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified. | String | optional |
| Quote page: reference 3 | quote-page3 qp3 | A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page3. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. | Content | optional |
| Quote pages: reference 3 | quote-pages3 qpp3 | A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages3. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. | Content | optional |
| Quote in-source location: reference 3 | quote-location3 quote-loc3 quote-at3 | Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Quote language: reference 3 | language3 lang3 l3 quote-language3 quote-lang3 ql3 | A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English). | Content | optional |
| Quote translation: reference 3 | translation3 trans3 t3 trans-quote3 tq3 xlat3 | An optional English translation of a non-English quote. | String | optional |
| Reference definition 3 | reference3 refn3 r3 | Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested.
| String | optional |
| Reference annotation 3 | annotation3 annot3 a3 | Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page3 and q to use quote3.
| String | optional |
| Direction: Reference 3 | direction3 dir3 | Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.)
| Content | optional |
| Section: Reference 3 | section3 sec3 s3 | Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed.
| String | optional |
| Content anchor: reference 3 | id3 ref3 3ref | Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Link anchor: reference 3 | link-id3 | Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Quote origin: reference 3 | quote-cite3 qc3 | Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source.
| String | optional |
| Reference name 4 | name4 n4 4 | If this is "RefName", the template displays.<ref name="RefName"/> | String | optional |
| Page number: reference 4 | page4 p4 4p | Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Pages numbers: reference 4 | pages4 pp4 4pp | Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| In-source-location: reference 4 | location4 loc4 4loc at4 | Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Page needed: Reason 4 | needed-reason4 needed4 | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| String | optional |
| Quote: reference 4 | quote4 q4 | A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified. | String | optional |
| Quote page: reference 4 | quote-page4 qp4 | A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page4. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. | Content | optional |
| Quote pages: reference 4 | quote-pages4 qpp4 | A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages4. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. | Content | optional |
| Quote in-source location: reference 4 | quote-location4 quote-loc4 quote-at4 | Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Quote language: reference 4 | language4 lang4 l4 quote-language4 quote-lang4 ql4 | A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English). | Content | optional |
| Quote translation: reference 4 | translation4 trans4 t4 trans-quote4 tq4 xlat4 | An optional English translation of a non-English quote. | String | optional |
| Reference definition 4 | reference4 refn4 r4 | Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested.
| String | optional |
| Reference annotation 4 | annotation4 annot4 a4 | Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page4 and q to use quote4.
| String | optional |
| Direction: Reference 4 | direction4 dir4 | Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.)
| Content | optional |
| Section: Reference 4 | section4 sec4 s4 | Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed.
| String | optional |
| Content anchor: reference 4 | id4 ref4 4ref | Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Link anchor: reference 4 | link-id4 | Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Quote origin: reference 4 | quote-cite4 qc4 | Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source.
| String | optional |
| Reference name 5 | name5 n5 5 | If this is "RefName", the template displays.<ref name="RefName"/> | String | optional |
| Page number: reference 5 | page5 p5 5p | Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Pages numbers: reference 5 | pages5 pp5 5pp | Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| In-source-location: reference 5 | location5 loc5 5loc at5 | Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Page needed: Reason 5 | needed-reason5 needed5 | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| String | optional |
| Quote: reference 5 | quote5 q5 | A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified. | String | optional |
| Quote page: reference 5 | quote-page5 qp5 | A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page5. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. | Content | optional |
| Quote pages: reference 5 | quote-pages5 qpp5 | A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages5. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. | Content | optional |
| Quote in-source location: reference 5 | quote-location5 quote-loc5 quote-at5 | Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Quote language: reference 5 | language5 lang5 l5 quote-language5 quote-lang5 ql5 | A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English). | Content | optional |
| Quote translation: reference 5 | translation5 trans5 t5 trans-quote5 tq5 xlat5 | An optional English translation of a non-English quote. | String | optional |
| Reference definition 5 | reference5 refn5 r5 | Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested.
| String | optional |
| Reference annotation 5 | annotation5 annot5 a5 | Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page5 and q to use quote5.
| String | optional |
| Direction: Reference 5 | direction5 dir5 | Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.)
| Content | optional |
| Section: Reference 5 | section5 sec5 s5 | Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed.
| String | optional |
| Content anchor: reference 5 | id5 ref5 5ref | Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Link anchor: reference 5 | link-id5 | Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Quote origin: reference 5 | quote-cite5 qc5 | Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source.
| String | optional |
| Reference name 6 | name6 n6 6 | If this is "RefName", the template displays.<ref name="RefName"/> | String | optional |
| Page number: reference 6 | page6 p6 6p | Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Pages numbers: reference 6 | pages6 pp6 6pp | Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| In-source-location: reference 6 | location6 loc6 6loc at6 | Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Page needed: Reason 6 | needed-reason6 needed6 | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| String | optional |
| Quote: reference 6 | quote6 q6 | A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified. | String | optional |
| Quote page: reference 6 | quote-page6 qp6 | A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page6. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. | Content | optional |
| Quote pages: reference 6 | quote-pages6 qpp6 | A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages6. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. | Content | optional |
| Quote in-source location: reference 6 | quote-location6 quote-loc6 quote-at6 | Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Quote language: reference 6 | language6 lang6 l6 quote-language6 quote-lang6 ql6 | A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English). | Content | optional |
| Quote translation: reference 6 | translation6 trans6 t6 trans-quote6 tq6 xlat6 | An optional English translation of a non-English quote. | String | optional |
| Reference definition 6 | reference6 refn6 r6 | Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested.
| String | optional |
| Reference annotation 6 | annotation6 annot6 a6 | Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page6 and q to use quote6.
| String | optional |
| Direction: Reference 6 | direction6 dir6 | Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.)
| Content | optional |
| Section: Reference 6 | section6 sec6 s6 | Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed.
| String | optional |
| Content anchor: reference 6 | id6 ref6 6ref | Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Link anchor: reference 6 | link-id6 | Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Quote origin: reference 6 | quote-cite6 qc6 | Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source.
| String | optional |
| Reference name 7 | name7 n7 7 | If this is "RefName", the template displays.<ref name="RefName"/> | String | optional |
| Page number: reference 7 | page7 p7 7p | Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Pages numbers: reference 7 | pages7 pp7 7pp | Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| In-source-location: reference 7 | location7 loc7 7loc at7 | Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Page needed: Reason 7 | needed-reason7 needed7 | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| String | optional |
| Quote: reference 7 | quote7 q7 | A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified. | String | optional |
| Quote page: reference 7 | quote-page7 qp7 | A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page7. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. | Content | optional |
| Quote pages: reference 7 | quote-pages7 qpp7 | A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages7. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. | Content | optional |
| Quote in-source location: reference 7 | quote-location7 quote-loc7 quote-at7 | Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Quote language: reference 7 | language7 lang7 l7 quote-language7 quote-lang7 ql7 | A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English). | Content | optional |
| Quote translation: reference 7 | translation7 trans7 t7 trans-quote7 tq7 xlat7 | An optional English translation of a non-English quote. | String | optional |
| Reference definition 7 | reference7 refn7 r7 | Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested.
| String | optional |
| Reference annotation 7 | annotation7 annot7 a7 | Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page7 and q to use quote7.
| String | optional |
| Direction: Reference 7 | direction7 dir7 | Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.)
| Content | optional |
| Section: Reference 7 | section7 sec7 s7 | Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed.
| String | optional |
| Content anchor: reference 7 | id7 ref7 7ref | Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Link anchor: reference 7 | link-id7 | Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Quote origin: reference 7 | quote-cite7 qc7 | Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source.
| String | optional |
| Reference name 8 | name8 n8 8 | If this is "RefName", the template displays.<ref name="RefName"/> | String | optional |
| Page number: reference 8 | page8 p8 8p | Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Pages numbers: reference 8 | pages8 pp8 8pp | Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| In-source-location: reference 8 | location8 loc8 8loc at8 | Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Page needed: Reason 8 | needed-reason8 needed8 | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| String | optional |
| Quote: reference 8 | quote8 q8 | A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified. | String | optional |
| Quote page: reference 8 | quote-page8 qp8 | A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page8. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. | Content | optional |
| Quote pages: reference 8 | quote-pages8 qpp8 | A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages8. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. | Content | optional |
| Quote in-source location: reference 8 | quote-location8 quote-loc8 quote-at8 | Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Quote language: reference 8 | language8 lang8 l8 quote-language8 quote-lang8 ql8 | A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English). | Content | optional |
| Quote translation: reference 8 | translation8 trans8 t8 trans-quote8 tq8 xlat8 | An optional English translation of a non-English quote. | String | optional |
| Reference definition 8 | reference8 refn8 r8 | Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested.
| String | optional |
| Reference annotation 8 | annotation8 annot8 a8 | Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page8 and q to use quote8.
| String | optional |
| Direction: Reference 8 | direction8 dir8 | Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.)
| Content | optional |
| Section: Reference 8 | section8 sec8 s8 | Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed.
| String | optional |
| Content anchor: reference 8 | id8 ref8 8ref | Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Link anchor: reference 8 | link-id8 | Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Quote origin: reference 8 | quote-cite8 qc8 | Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source.
| String | optional |
| Reference name 9 | name9 n9 9 | If this is "RefName", the template displays.<ref name="RefName"/> | String | optional |
| Page number: reference 9 | page9 p9 9p | Adds a page number within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if singular page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Pages numbers: reference 9 | pages9 pp9 9pp | Adds page numbers within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if plural page info is given.
| Content | optional |
| In-source-location: reference 9 | location9 loc9 9loc at9 | Adds other location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location info is given.
| Content | optional |
| Page needed: Reason 9 | needed-reason9 needed9 | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| String | optional |
| Quote: reference 9 | quote9 q9 | A quote from the source. Appears when hovering over the page number, so the page number must be specified. | String | optional |
| Quote page: reference 9 | quote-page9 qp9 | A quote page from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page number. Special token p to use page9. Choose parameter only if singular page is given. | Content | optional |
| Quote pages: reference 9 | quote-pages9 qpp9 | A quote pages from the source. Optionally appears in front of the quote when hovering over the page numbers. Special token pp to use pages9. Choose parameter only if plural pages are given. | Content | optional |
| Quote in-source location: reference 9 | quote-location9 quote-loc9 quote-at9 | Adds other quote location identifier within the source. Note that you can also put this information in the original reference instead, so it need only be stated once. Choose parameter only if location information different from singular or plural quote page info is given.
| Content | suggested |
| Quote language: reference 9 | language9 lang9 l9 quote-language9 quote-lang9 ql9 | A language code or name defining the language of the quote (if not English). | Content | optional |
| Quote translation: reference 9 | translation9 trans9 t9 trans-quote9 tq9 xlat9 | An optional English translation of a non-English quote. | String | optional |
| Reference definition 9 | reference9 refn9 r9 | Adds the definition of a citation. This can be used inline or in list-defined reference sections. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested.
| String | optional |
| Reference annotation 9 | annotation9 annot9 a9 | Adds extra text to the end of a reference defined elsewhere, including backlinks to the reference invocation. Can be used to collect various commentary to be displayed with the citation. Can also be used to define another citation if multiple citations should reside under the same entry. Can be defined as raw text or through other citation templates like CS1/CS2. Can be nested. Special token p to use page9 and q to use quote9.
| String | optional |
| Direction: Reference 9 | direction9 dir9 | Override default left-to-right or right-to-left behaviour. (Requires special CSS support for classes mw-cite-dir-rtl and mw-cite-dir-ltr.)
| Content | optional |
| Section: Reference 9 | section9 sec9 s9 | Shows a tooltip indicating corresponding context section in an article, if defined. Multiple sections of the same name and overlapping sections are allowed.
| String | optional |
| Content anchor: reference 9 | id9 ref9 9ref | Optional anchor name of a reference or annotation (including page numbers or quotes) in order to link to it. This is used for the id attribute of the corresponding span framing the content object and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Link anchor: reference 9 | link-id9 | Optional link anchor name of a reference link in order to (back)link to the reference link. This is used for the id attribute of the link span and must be unique on the page.
| String | optional |
| Quote origin: reference 9 | quote-cite9 qc9 | Anchor name (only the URL fragment) of a reference the quote belongs to, if defined on the same page. This is used for the cite attribute of the quote and establishes a semantic connection to its source.
| String | optional |
| Page needed: Date | needed-date date | Only required if page/location info is missing.
| Content | optional |
| Leadin sequence | leadin | To define a leadin sequence prefixing the annotated text.
| String | optional |
| Postscript sequence | postscript ps postscript1 ps1 1ps postscript2 ps2 2ps postscript3 ps3 3ps postscript4 ps4 4ps postscript5 ps5 5ps postscript6 ps6 6ps postscript7 ps7 7ps postscript8 ps8 8ps postscript9 ps9 9ps | To define a postscript sequence appended to the reference.
| String | optional |
| Line wrapping control | no-pp nopp | Control display of p/pp prefixes (in AMA mode)
| Content | optional |
| Display format | style | Control display format (default : style or AMA format)
| Content | optional |
| Line wrapping control | wrap | To enable automatic line-wrapping between multiple reference links, or to enforce an additional line-break opportunity even within superscripted page strings (may depend on skin)
| Content | optional |
See also
- {{rr}}, use this for multiple citations in one call (at present just a redirect back to {{r}}, but this may change in the future)
- Help:List-defined references (LDR), which provides all the specifications for using list-defined references, especially with regard to naming references and groups
- Shortened footnotes in Wikipedia:Citing sources, which describes other methods of citing multiple pages of the same source
- {{sfnp}}, {{sfn}}, templates that implement another way of citing multiple pages of the same source
- Help:Labeled section transclusion (LST) for how to define reference support sections to be used in conjunction with this template
- {{Ref supports2}} alternative method to use support sections (not compatible with this template)
- {{rp}} to add similar superscripts to citations already defined through other means
- {{rma}} and {{ran}} to control the order of references appearing in the references section
- Citation bundling in Wikipedia:Citing sources, a recommended way of combining a list of several consecutive footnotes into a single footnote
- Wikipedia:Footnotes
- Wikipedia:Citing sources
- m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Book referencing (abandoned in July 2021)