Editing Theobromine
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===Humans=== |
===Humans=== |
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Theobromine is a very mild [[stimulant]]. It is an [[adenosine receptor]] antagonist, meaning it blocks the action of [[adenosine]], a [[neurotransmitter]] that regulates sleep and relaxation, among other functions.<ref name=pubchem/> |
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Adenosine generally has an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. It promotes sleep and relaxation by slowing down neural activity. The inhibitory effects are reduced when [[adenosine receptors]] are blocked by antagonists like theobromine. This leads to increased arousal, wakefulness, and cognitive function. It is a [[bronchodilator]] and causes relaxation of [[vascular smooth muscle]].<ref name=pubchem/> It is not currently used as a [[prescription drug]].<ref name=Hbk/> The amount of theobromine found in chocolate is small enough that chocolate can, in general, be safely consumed by humans. |
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Compared with caffeine, theobromine is weaker in both its inhibition of [[cyclic nucleotide]] [[phosphodiesterases]] and its [[Receptor antagonist|antagonism]] of [[adenosine receptors]].<ref name=pubchem/><ref name="therapeutics">{{cite book | veditors = Hardman J, Limbird L | title=Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 10th ed. | publisher=McGraw-Hill | location=New York | year=2001 | page=745 | isbn=978-0-07-135469-1}}</ref> The potential [[phosphodiesterase inhibitor]]y effect of theobromine is seen only at amounts much higher than what people normally would consume in a typical diet including chocolate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01412|title=Theobromine|publisher=DrugBank.ca|access-date=3 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113075732/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01412|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
Compared with caffeine, theobromine is weaker in both its inhibition of [[cyclic nucleotide]] [[phosphodiesterases]] and its [[Receptor antagonist|antagonism]] of [[adenosine receptors]].<ref name=pubchem/><ref name="therapeutics">{{cite book | veditors = Hardman J, Limbird L | title=Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 10th ed. | publisher=McGraw-Hill | location=New York | year=2001 | page=745 | isbn=978-0-07-135469-1}}</ref> The potential [[phosphodiesterase inhibitor]]y effect of theobromine is seen only at amounts much higher than what people normally would consume in a typical diet including chocolate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01412|title=Theobromine|publisher=DrugBank.ca|access-date=3 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113075732/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01412|url-status=dead}}</ref> |