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→Humans: Clarifying that theobromine has a mild stimulant effect because it is known to be an adenosine receptor antagonist. Tag: Reverted |
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===Humans===
▲Adenosine generally has an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. It promotes sleep and relaxation by slowing down neural activity. The inhibitory effects are reduced when [[adenosine receptors]] are blocked by antagonists like theobromine. This leads to increased arousal, wakefulness, and cognitive function. It is a [[bronchodilator]] and causes relaxation of [[vascular smooth muscle]].<ref name=pubchem/> It is not currently used as a [[prescription drug]].<ref name=Hbk/> The amount of theobromine found in chocolate is small enough that chocolate can, in general, be safely consumed by humans.
Compared with caffeine, theobromine is weaker in both its inhibition of [[cyclic nucleotide]] [[phosphodiesterases]] and its [[Receptor antagonist|antagonism]] of [[adenosine receptors]].<ref name=pubchem/><ref name="therapeutics">{{cite book | veditors = Hardman J, Limbird L | title=Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 10th ed. | publisher=McGraw-Hill | location=New York | year=2001 | page=745 | isbn=978-0-07-135469-1}}</ref> The potential [[phosphodiesterase inhibitor]]y effect of theobromine is seen only at amounts much higher than what people normally would consume in a typical diet including chocolate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01412|title=Theobromine|publisher=DrugBank.ca|access-date=3 November 2018|archive-date=13 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113075732/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01412|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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