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{{short description|Old Irish town municipal and administrative building}}
The '''Tholsel''' was once an important public building in Ireland's towns and cities. Some historic tholsels still exist, notably in [[The Tholsel, Kilkenny|Kilkenny]]. Similar buildings called [[tolsey]]s or tolsey houses are found in some English towns and cities, including [[Burford]], [[Gloucester]] and [[Wotton-under-Edge]].
{{More citations needed|date=February 2024}}
 
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In both cases the term is derived from the [[Middle English]] ''tolsell'', from ''tol'' ("[[Fee|toll]]") + ''-sell'' ([[Old English]] ''[[Wiktionary:sele|sele]]'' "hall", "house").<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED46258&egs=all&egdisplay=open |title = Tol-sel and tolsel - Middle English Compendium}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tolsey | title=Definition of TOLSEY}}</ref> However, buildings described as a Tholsel have been used as a town hall, a courthouse, a town gate, a prison, a market house, a council chamber, a customs house, a guildhall, and a place where tolls were collected.▼
'''Tholsel''' was a name traditionally used for a local municipal and administrative building used to collect tolls and taxes and to administer trade and other documents in Irish towns and cities. It was at one stage one of the most important secular buildings in Ireland's town and cities and the level of importance was reflected in the prominence and size of these buildings as well as the expensive materials and architectural techniques used. Some historic tholsels still exist, notably [[The Tholsel, Kilkenny]]. Towards the end of the 18th century the term tholsel was typically swapped for Market House with many of the administrative functions of the original tholsel transferring to another dedicated local council or government building such as a court or sessions house.
 
▲Similar buildings called [[wikt:tolsey|tolseys]] or tolsey houses are found in some English towns and cities, including [[Burford]], [[Gloucester]] and [[Wotton-under-Edge]]. In both cases the term is derived from the [[Middle English]] ''tolsell'', from ''tol'' ("[[Fee|toll]]") + ''-sell'' ([[Old English]] ''[[Wiktionary:sele|sele]]'' "hall", "house").<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED46258&egs=all&egdisplay=open |title = Tol-sel and tolsel -– Middle English Compendium}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tolsey | title=Definition of TOLSEY}}</ref> However, buildings described as a Tholsel have been more broadly used as a town hall, a courthouse, a town gate, a prison, a market house, a council chamber, a customs house, a guildhall, and a place where tolls were collected. In Scotland the term [[Tolbooth]] was used.
The Tholsel building in [[Dublin]] was built in the late Middle Ages as a merchants' hall, at the corner of Nicholas Street and Christ Church place, next to the [[Church of St. Nicholas Within]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiseek.com/2011/tholsel-dublin/#.Ufp0vBfVBOI|title=1682 - Tholsel, Dublin - Architecture of Dublin City, Lost Buildings of Ireland - Archiseek - Irish Architecture|date=9 December 2011}}</ref> In the late 15th century, it was the home of the first mechanical public clock in Ireland. In the late eighteenth century, the Dublin Tholsel was used as a courthouse, being notable as the location where many Irish people, convicted of crimes, were sentenced to be transported to exile in [[Australia]]. It was demolished in 1820. There was also a Tholsel at [[Galway]] from 1639–1822.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Tholsel at Galway (1639-1822) |journal=Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society |volume=35 | jstor = 25535475| pages=77–85|last1=Mitchell |first1=James |year=1976 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiseek.com/2013/tholsel-galway/#.Ufp1rRfVBOI|title=1639 - Tholsel, Galway - Architecture of Galway, Lost Buildings of Ireland - Archiseek - Irish Architecture|date=13 January 2013}}</ref> The Tholsel in Limerick was located in Mary Street in the old Englishtown district of the city. It served as the headquarters of Limerick Corporation until that moved to the Exchange building on Nicholas Street. It was demolished in the early 20th century after it fell into dereliction.▼
 
▲The Tholsel building in [[Dublin]] was built in the late Middle Ages as a merchants' hall, at the corner of Nicholas Street and Christ Church place, next to the [[Church of St. Nicholas Within]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiseek.com/2011/tholsel-dublin/#.Ufp0vBfVBOI|title=1682 -– Tholsel, Dublin -– Architecture of Dublin City, Lost Buildings of Ireland -– Archiseek -– Irish Architecture|date=9 December 2011}}</ref> In the late 15th century, it was the home of the first mechanical public clock in Ireland. In the late eighteenth century, the Dublin Tholsel was used as a courthouse, being notable as the location where many Irish people, convicted of crimes, were sentenced to be transported to exile in [[Australia]]. It was demolished in 1820. There was also a Tholsel at [[Galway]] from 1639–1822.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=The Tholsel at Galway (1639-1822) |journal=Journal ofaround the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society |volume=35 | jstor = 25535475| pages=77–85|last1=Mitchell |first1=James |year=1976 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiseek.com/2013/tholsel-galway/#.Ufp1rRfVBOI|title=1639 - Tholsel, Galway - Architecture of Galway, Lost Buildings of Ireland - Archiseek - Irish Architecture|date=13 January 2013}}</ref> The Tholsel in Limerick was located in Mary Street in the old Englishtown district of the city. It served as the headquarters of Limerick Corporation until that moved to the Exchange building on Nicholas Street. It was demolished in the early 20th century after it fell into dereliction1820.
 
==Notable tholsels in the Republic of Ireland==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!! style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 160px;"|'''Name'''<br />
!Name
!! style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 80px;"|'''Location'''<br />
!Location
!! style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 160px;"|'''Date built'''<br />
!Construction year
!! style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 160px;" class="unsortable"|'''Notes'''<br />
!Image
!! style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 160px;" class="unsortable"|'''Image'''<br />
|-
|Tholsel, Town Gate
|[[Carlingford, County Louth|Carlingford]]
|1450<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiseek.com/2010/the-tholsel-carlingford-co-louth/#.U9P5LoFdVSQ |title=1450 – The Tholsel, Carlingford, Co. Louth – Architecture of Louth |publisher=Archiseek.com |date= 2010-01-06|accessdate=2015-06-16}}</ref>
|It was originally 3 storeys high but the top floor has now been replaced with a modern pitched roof
|[[File:Tholsel Carlingford.jpg|300px]]
|-
|[[Main Guard (Clonmel)|Main Guard]]
|[[Clonmel]]
|1675<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritageireland.com/en/South-East/TheMainGuard/ |title=The Main Guard |publisher=Heritage Ireland |date= |accessdate=2015-06-16}}</ref>
|▼
|[[File:Cluain Meala (Clonmel), The Main Guard - geograph.org.uk - 260570.jpg|300px]]
|-
|[[The Tholsel, Drogheda|Tholsel]]
|[[Drogheda]]
|1770<ref>{{cite web |title=Architects Ireland -– The Tholsel -– van Dijk Architects |url=https://www.vandijkarchitects.com/the-tholsel |website=www.vandijkarchitects.com |accessdate=1 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|
|[[File:Shop Street, Drogheda (8382251621)-Thosel-04-2017-gje.jpg|300px]]
|-
|[[The Tholsel, Dublin]]
|[[Dublin 8]]
|1682 -– 1806<ref>{{cite web |title=1682 – Tholsel, Dublin |url=https://archiseek.com/2011/tholsel-dublin/ |website=Archiseek -– Irish Architecture |accessdate=1 September 2020 |date=9 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wea44 Tholsel {{!}} Dublin City Council |url=https://www.dublincity.ie/image/libraries/wea44-tholsel |website=www.dublincity.ie |accessdate=1 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tholsel, Dublin |url=https://www.artic.edu/artworks/127955/tholsel-dublin |website=The Art Institute of Chicago |date=1793 |accessdate=16 September 2020}}</ref>
|Located at Skinner's Row (now [[Christchurch Place]]). A city administrative building had been located on the site since the 1300s. Prior to James Malton's drawing in 1792 the Tholsel had a tower with cupola and Ireland's first public mechanical clock. A cock weathervane also sat above the cupola but was blown down along with the tower in a storm. The building fell into decline when it was superseded by [[City Hall, Dublin]].
▲|
|[[File:The Tholsel, Dublin.jpg|300px]]
|-
|The Tholsel, Galway
|[[Galway]]
|1639 -– 1822<ref>{{cite web |last1=Croffey |first1=Amy |title=8 Irish buildings that vanished, disappeared or were demolished |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/8-irish-buildings-that-vanished-disappeared-or-were-demolished-841579-Mar2013/#slide-slideshow6 |website=TheJournal.ie |date=24 March 2013 |accessdate=1 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |languagetitle=enThe Tholsel at Galway (1639-1822) |journal=Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society |volume=35 | jstor = 25535475| pages=77–85|last1=Mitchell |first1=James |year=1976 }}</ref>
|The arches of the arcade were pulled down in 1822 and used to construct a new building on Eyre Square in 1831 on the site of the old corn and potato market. This now houses a branch of the Bank of Ireland. The cupola had already been removed in 1800. Part of the back wall of the tholsel can be seen behind St Nicholas Collegiate Church.
|
|-
|[[The Tholsel, Kilkenny|Tholsel]]
|[[Kilkenny]]
|1761<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kilkenny.ie/eng/About_Kilkenny/History/Famous_Landmarks/The_Tholsel.html |title=The Tholsel – Kilkenny City and County Portal |publisher=Kilkenny.ie |date= |accessdate=2015-06-16}}</ref>
|
|[[File:The Tholsel, Kilkenny - geograph.org.uk - 530476.jpg|300px]]
|-
|The Tholsel, Limerick
|[[Limerick]]
|1673, Rebuilt 1702, Rebuilt 1778
|located in Mary Street in the old Englishtown district of the city. It served as the headquarters of Limerick Corporation until that moved to the Exchange building on Nicholas Street. It was demolished in the early 20th century after it fell into dereliction.
|
|-
|[[New Ross Town Hall|The Tholsel, New Ross]]
|[[New Ross]]
|1749, rebuilt in its current form 1806<ref>{{cite web|url=http://irishantiquities.bravehost.com/wexford/newross/newrossmarkethouse.html |title=Newrossmarket |publisher=Irishantiquities.bravehost.com |date= |accessdate=2015-06-16}}</ref>
|
|[[File:The Tholsel, New Ross.jpg|300px]]
|-
|Westgate Tholsel
|[[Carrick-on-Suir]]
|1500<ref>{{Cite web|last=FUSIO|title=The Tholsel, Westgate, TOWN PARKS, Carrick-on-Suir, Tipperary South|url=https://www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/22123011/the-tholsel-westgate-town-parks-carrick-on-suir-tipperary-south|access-date=2020-09-03|website=Buildings of Ireland|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|
|[[File:Carrick-on-Suir - The Tholsel - 20190909094330.jpg|300px]]
|-
|Clock Gate
|[[Youghal]]
|1777<ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-11-05|title=1777 – Clock Gate, Youghal, Co. Cork|url=https://archiseek.com/2009/1777-clock-gate-youghal-co-cork/|access-date=2020-09-03|website=Archiseek – Irish Architecture}}</ref>
|Used as a gaol and private dwelling at various times
|[[File:Vote_for_Kennedy!_(11304269495).jpg|300px]]
|}
 
== See also ==
{{Commons category}}
*[[MarketList Housesof market houses in the Republic of Ireland|Market Houses in Ireland]]
*[[Market houses in Northern Ireland]]
*[[Tolbooth]] for some of the equivalent buildings in [[Scotland]]
*[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tolsey Tolsey].▼
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
▲*[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tolsey Tolsey].
 
{{coord missing|Ireland}}
 
[[Category:Government buildings in the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Toll houses]]
[[Category:Market houses]]
[[Category:Guildhalls in Ireland]]
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