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The '''Tibeto-Burman languages''' is a convenient means of lumping all the non-[[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]] branches of the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan language family]], over 400 of which mostly spoken across the [[Southeast Asian Massif]] ("Zomia"). Though this classification is convenient and widely used, [[historical linguist]]s avoided using this term "[s]ince no evidence has been adduced of [[shared innovation|common innovation]] to all Sino-Tibetan languages besides Chinese, it is prudent given the state of knowledge on the family not to talk of a ‘Tibeto-Burman’ subgroup within Sino-Tibetan".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guillaume |first=Jacques|title=A shared suppletive pattern in the pronominal systems of Chang Naga and Southern Qiang|journal=Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale|date=2007|volume=36|issue=1|page=2|url=url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00200873v2/document}}</ref> Therefore, historical linguist do not consider Tibeto-Burman comprise a [[clade]] in a linguistic [[phylogenetic tree]].{{sfnp|Handel|2008|p=431}}
The '''Tibeto-Burman languages''' are the non-[[Sinitic languages|Sinitic]] members of the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan language family]], over 400 of which are spoken throughout the highlands of [[Southeast Asia]] as well as certain parts of [[East Asia]] and [[South Asia]].
Around 60 million people speak Tibeto-Burman languages, around half of whom speak [[Burmese language|Burmese]], and 13% of whom speak [[Tibetic languages]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Tibeto.html|title=Tibeto|website=www.languagesgulper.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-15}}</ref> The name derives from the most widely spoken of these languages, namely Burmese (over 35 million speakers) and the [[Tibetic languages]] (over 8 million).
These languages also have extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively.
Most of the other languages are spoken by much smaller communities, and many of them have not been described in detail.
 
Among Tibeto-Burman languages, [[Burmese language|Burmese]] and [[Tibetic languages]] have the most extensive literary traditions, dating from the 12th and 7th centuries respectively. However, this does not make the two languages necessarily good representatives of the languages patterns among the group.
Though the division of Sino-Tibetan into Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman branches (e.g. Benedict, Matisoff) is widely accepted, van Driem has claimed that Tibeto-Burman languages do not have shared innovations and, therefore, do not comprise a [[clade]].{{sfnp|Handel|2008|p=431}}
 
==History==
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