Content deleted Content added
m Open access bot: pmc updated in citation with #oabot. |
→Research: Most recent meta analysis |
||
Line 78:
TMS has shown potential therapeutic effect on [[neurology|neurologic]] conditions such as mild to moderate [[Alzheimer's disease]],<ref name=Lefaucher1 /> [[amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]],<ref name=Lefaucher1 /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fang J, Zhou M, Yang M, Zhu C, He L | title = Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 5 | page = CD008554 | date = May 2013 | volume = 2013 | pmid = 23728676 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD008554.pub3 | pmc = 7173713 }}</ref> [[persistent vegetative state]]s,<ref name=Lefaucher1 /> [[epilepsy]],<ref name=Lefaucher1 /><ref name="PereiraMüller2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Pereira LS, Müller VT, da Mota Gomes M, Rotenberg A, Fregni F | title = Safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with epilepsy: A systematic review | journal = Epilepsy & Behavior | volume = 57 | issue = Pt A | pages = 167–176 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 26970993 | doi = 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.01.015 | s2cid = 3880211 }}</ref> [[stroke]] related disability,<ref name=Lefaucher1 /><ref name=Rossi /><ref name="Dimyan" /><ref name="Nowak" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Martin PI, Naeser MA, Ho M, Treglia E, Kaplan E, Baker EH, Pascual-Leone A | title = Research with transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of aphasia | journal = Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports | volume = 9 | issue = 6 | pages = 451–458 | date = November 2009 | pmid = 19818232 | pmc = 2887285 | doi = 10.1007/s11910-009-0067-9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Corti M, Patten C, Triggs W | title = Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex after stroke: a focused review | journal = American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 254–270 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22042336 | doi = 10.1097/PHM.0b013e318228bf0c | s2cid = 16233265 }}</ref> [[tinnitus]],<ref name=Lefaucher1 /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kleinjung T, Vielsmeier V, Landgrebe M, Hajak G, Langguth B | title = Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a new diagnostic and therapeutic tool for tinnitus patients | journal = The International Tinnitus Journal | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 112–118 | year = 2008 | pmid = 19205161 }}</ref> [[multiple sclerosis]],<ref name=Lefaucher1 /> [[schizophrenia]],<ref name=Lefaucher1 /><ref name="Doug2015"/> and [[traumatic brain injury]].<ref name=TBI>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shin SS, Dixon CE, Okonkwo DO, Richardson RM | title = Neurostimulation for traumatic brain injury | journal = Journal of Neurosurgery | volume = 121 | issue = 5 | pages = 1219–1231 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25170668 | doi = 10.3171/2014.7.JNS131826 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
With [[Parkinson's disease]], early results suggest that low frequency stimulation may have an effect on medication associated [[dyskinesia]], and that high frequency stimulation improves motor function.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Machado S, Bittencourt J, Minc D, Portella CE, Velasques B, Cunha M, Budde H, Basile LF, Chadi G, Cagy M, Piedade R, Riberio P | display-authors = 6 | title = Therapeutic applications of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical neurorehabilitation | journal = Functional Neurology | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 113–122 | date = 2008 | pmid = 19152730 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=Xuan |last2=Li |first2=Lei |last3=Liu |first3=Ye |date=2023-09-29 |title=Comparative motor effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in patients with Parkinson's disease: A network meta-analysis |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37773851/ |journal=Medicine |volume=102 |issue=39 |pages=e34960 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000034960 |issn=1536-5964 |pmid=37773851}}</ref> The most effective treatment protocols appear to involve high frequency stimulation of the [[motor cortex]], particularly on the dominant side,<ref name="Chou YH 2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chou YH, Hickey PT, Sundman M, Song AW, Chen NK | title = Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor symptoms in Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = JAMA Neurology | volume = 72 | issue = 4 | pages = 432–440 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25686212 | pmc = 4425190 | doi = 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.4380 }}</ref> but with more variable results for treatment of the [[dorsolateral prefrontal cortex]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang C, Guo Z, Peng H, Xing G, Chen H, McClure MA, He B, He L, Du F, Xiong L, Mu Q | display-authors = 6 | title = Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for motor recovery in Parkinson's disease: A Meta-analysis | journal = Brain and Behavior | volume = 8 | issue = 11 | page = e01132 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 30264518 | pmc = 6236247 | doi = 10.1002/brb3.1132 }}</ref> It is less effective than [[electroconvulsive therapy]] for motor symptoms, though both appear to have utility.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fregni F, Simon DK, Wu A, Pascual-Leone A | title = Non-invasive brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature | journal = Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry | volume = 76 | issue = 12 | pages = 1614–1623 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16291882 | pmc = 1739437 | doi = 10.1136/jnnp.2005.069849 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lefaucheur JP | title = Treatment of Parkinson's disease by cortical stimulation | journal = Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 1755–1771 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 19951135 | doi = 10.1586/ern.09.132 | s2cid = 6404434 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Arias-Carrión O | title = Basic mechanisms of rTMS: Implications in Parkinson's disease | journal = International Archives of Medicine | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | page = 2 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 18471317 | pmc = 2375865 | doi = 10.1186/1755-7682-1-2 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Cerebellar stimulation has also shown potential for the treatment of levodopa associated dyskinesia.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = França C, de Andrade DC, Teixeira MJ, Galhardoni R, Silva V, Barbosa ER, Cury RG | title = Effects of cerebellar neuromodulation in movement disorders: A systematic review | journal = Brain Stimulation | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 249–260 | pmid = 29191439 | doi = 10.1016/j.brs.2017.11.015 | year = 2018 | s2cid = 46810543 }}</ref>
In [[psychiatry]], it has shown potential with [[anxiety disorders]], including [[panic disorder]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Li H, Wang J, Li C, Xiao Z | title = Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for panic disorder in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 9 | issue = 9 | page= CD009083 | date = September 2014 | pmid = 25230088 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009083.pub2 | pmc = 6885044 }}</ref> and [[obsessive–compulsive disorder]] (OCD).<ref name=Lefaucher1 /> The most promising areas to target for OCD appear to be the [[orbitofrontal cortex]] and the [[supplementary motor area]].<ref name=Berlim2013>{{cite journal | vauthors = Berlim MT, Neufeld NH, Van den Eynde F | title = Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): an exploratory meta-analysis of randomized and sham-controlled trials | journal = Journal of Psychiatric Research | volume = 47 | issue = 8 | pages = 999–1006 | date = August 2013 | pmid = 23615189 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.022 }}</ref> Older protocols that targeted the prefrontal dorsal cortex were less successful.<ref name=Saba2015>{{cite journal | vauthors = Saba G, Moukheiber A, Pelissolo A | title = Transcranial cortical stimulation in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders: efficacy studies | journal = Current Psychiatry Reports | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | page= 36 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25825002 | doi = 10.1007/s11920-015-0571-3 | s2cid = 22071333 }}</ref> It has also been studied with [[autism]],<ref name=Oberman2016>{{cite journal | vauthors = Oberman LM, Enticott PG, Casanova MF, Rotenberg A, Pascual-Leone A, McCracken JT | title = Transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorder: Challenges, promise, and roadmap for future research | journal = Autism Research | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 184–203 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26536383 | pmc = 4956084 | doi = 10.1002/aur.1567 }}</ref> [[substance abuse]],<ref name=Lefaucher1 /> [[addiction]],<ref name=Lefaucher1 /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nizard J, Lefaucheur JP, Helbert M, de Chauvigny E, Nguyen JP | title = Non-invasive stimulation therapies for the treatment of refractory pain | journal = Discovery Medicine | volume = 14 | issue = 74 | pages = 21–31 | date = July 2012 | pmid = 22846200 | url = http://www.discoverymedicine.com/Julien-Nizard/2012/07/24/non-invasive-stimulation-therapies-for-the-treatment-of-refractory-pain/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140226110824/http://www.discoverymedicine.com/Julien-Nizard/2012/07/24/non-invasive-stimulation-therapies-for-the-treatment-of-refractory-pain/ | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2014-02-26 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ponciano-Rodríguez |first1=Guadalupe |last2=Chávez-Castillo |first2=Carlos A. |last3=Ríos-Ponce |first3=Alma E. |last4=Villafuerte |first4=Gabriel |date=2021 |title=High Frequency and Low Intensity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Smoking Cessation |journal=Journal of Addiction |volume=2021 |pages=9988618 |doi=10.1155/2021/9988618 |issn=2090-7834 |pmc=8476253 |pmid=34589245|doi-access=free }}</ref> and [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD).<ref name=Lefaucher1 /> For treatment-resistant [[major depressive disorder]], high-frequency (HF) rTMS of the left [[dorsolateral prefrontal cortex]] (DLPFC) appears effective and low-frequency (LF) rTMS of the right DLPFC has probable efficacy.<ref name=Lefaucher1 /><ref name=pmid21474597/><ref name=pmid23249815/><ref name="Perera et al 2015"/><ref name=pmid22559998/> Research on the efficacy of rTMS in non-treatment-resistant depression is limited.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kiebs|first1=Maximilian|last2=Hurlemann|first2=René|last3=Mutz|first3=Julian|date=August 2019|title=Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in non-treatment-resistant depression|journal=British Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=215|issue=2|pages=445–446|doi=10.1192/bjp.2019.75|pmid=31014413|issn=0007-1250|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|