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In [[slang]], a '''troll''' is a person who posts deliberately offensive or provocative messages online<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-24 |title=TROLL English Definition and Meaning {{!}} Lexico.com |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/troll |access-date=2024-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824211107/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/troll |archive-date=24 August 2022 }}</ref> (such as in [[social media]], a [[newsgroup]], a [[internet forum|forum]], a [[chat room]], an [[Multiplayer video game|online video game]]) or who performs similar behaviors in real life. The methods and motivations of trolls can range from benign to sadistic. These messages can be inflammatory, [[insincerity|insincere]], [[digression|digressive]],<ref name=":5">{{cite web | title=Definition of troll | work=Collins English Dictionary | url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/troll | access-date=17 September 2012 }}</ref> [[wikt:extraneous#Adjective|extraneous]], or [[off-topic]], and may have the intent of provoking others into displaying [[emotion]]al responses,<ref name="PCMAG_def">{{Cite news |title=Definition of: trolling |work=PCMAG.COM |publisher=Ziff Davis Publishing Holdings Inc |url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=trolling&i=53181,00.asp# |access-date=24 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501152034/https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=trolling&i=53181,00.asp |archive-date=2010-05-01}}</ref> or [[Psychological manipulation|manipulating]] others' perception, thus acting as a [[bullying|bully]] or a [[agent provocateur|provocateur]]. The behavior is typically for the troll's amusement, or to achieve a specific result such as disrupting a rival's online activities or purposefully causing confusion or harm to other people.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Buckels|first1=E.E.|last2=Trapnell|first2=P.D.|last3=Paulhus|first3=D.L.|date=2014|title=Trolls Just Want to Have Fun: (520722015-006)|url=http://doi.apa.org/get-pe-doi.cfm?doi=10.1037/e520722015-006 |website=APA PsycNet |language=en|doi=10.1037/e520722015-006}}</ref> Trolling behaviors involve tactical aggression to incite emotional responses, which can adversely affect the target's well-being.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Volkmer |first=Sara |date=March 2023 |title=Troll story: The dark tetrad and online trolling revisited with a glance at humor |journal=[[PLOS One]] |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=e0280271 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0280271 |doi-access=free|pmid=36897846 |pmc=10004561 |bibcode=2023PLoSO..1880271V |issn=1932-6203 }}</ref>
In this context,
== Usage ==
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The "[[Trollface]]" is an image occasionally used to indicate trolling in Internet culture.<ref>{{cite web |last=Prahl |first=Kyle |url=http://www.psu.com/a019344/Trollface-hack-strikes-PlayStation-3-PSU-community-member-reports-XMB-weirdness|title=Trollface hack strikes PlayStation 3? PSU community member reports XMB weirdness |work=PlayStation Universe |date=9 May 2013 |access-date=3 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515045805/https://www.psu.com/news/trollface-hack-strikes-playstation-3-psu-community-member-reports-xmb-weirdness/ |archive-date=15 May 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Valle |first=Mario |url=http://www.publimetro.cl/nota/cronica/pasta-y-masterdog-ya-son-parte-de-la-jerga-universitaria/xIQmef!22mBeJJLytl6U/|title="Pasta" y "MasterDog" ya son parte de la jerga universitaria |work=[[Publimetro]] |access-date=3 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719104602/https://www.publimetro.cl/nota/cronica/pasta-y-masterdog-ya-son-parte-de-la-jerga-universitaria/xIQmef!22mBeJJLytl6U/ |archive-date=19 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://yucatan.com.mx/imagen/forever-alone-y-ay-si-ay-si-entre-los-mas-populares | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202221424/http://yucatan.com.mx/imagen/forever-alone-y-ay-si-ay-si-entre-los-mas-populares | url-status=dead | archive-date=2 December 2013 | title="Forever Alone" y "Ay sí, ay sí", entre los más populares – el Diario… | access-date=17 May 2013 }}</ref>
== Responses ==
[[File:DoNotFeedTroll.svg|thumb|The advice to [[:wikt:ignore|ignore]] rather than engage with a troll is sometimes phrased as "Please don't feed the trolls".]]
One common strategy for dealing with online trolls is to ignore them. This approach, known as "don't feed the trolls," is based on the idea that trolls seek attention and reactions. By withholding these, the troll may lose interest and stop their disruptive behavior.
However, ignoring trolls is not always effective. Some argue that trolls may interpret a lack of response as a weakness and escalate their harassment. Reporting the troll to the platform administrators may be necessary in such cases. Most online platforms have guidelines against harassment and abuse, and reporting the troll can lead to their account being suspended or banned.<ref>{{cite web |last=Joel |first=William |date=12 July 2018 |title=Don't feed the trolls, and other hideous lies |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/12/17561768/dont-feed-the-trolls-online-harassment-abuse |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225190412/https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/12/17561768/dont-feed-the-trolls-online-harassment-abuse |archive-date=25 December 2021 |access-date=18 February 2019 |website=The Verge}}</ref>
== Origin and etymology ==
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In [[Chinese language|Chinese]], trolling is referred to as ''bái mù'' ({{zh|c=[[:zh:白目|白目]]|l=white eye}}), which can be straightforwardly explained as "eyes without pupils", in the sense that while the [[pupil]] of the eye is used for vision, the white section of the eye cannot see, and trolling involves blindly talking nonsense over the Internet, having total disregard to sensitivities or being oblivious to the situation at hand, akin to having eyes without pupils. An alternative term is ''bái làn'' ({{zh|c=白爛|l=white rot}}), which describes a post completely nonsensical and full of folly made to upset others, and derives from a Taiwanese slang term for the [[Human male genitalia|male genitalia]], where genitalia that is pale white in color represents that someone is young, and thus foolish. Both terms originate from [[Taiwan]], and are also used in [[Hong Kong]] and [[mainland China]]. Another term, ''xiǎo bái'' ({{zh|c=小白|l=little white}}), is a derogatory term for both ''bái mù'' and ''bái làn'' that is used on anonymous posting Internet forums. Another common term for a troll used in mainland China is ''pēn zi'' ({{zh|c=噴子|l=sprayer, spurter}}).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language Log » The toll of the trolls |url=https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=42191 |access-date=2022-04-14}}</ref>
In [[Hebrew]] the word {{lang|he|טרול}} refers both to internet trolls, who engage in disruptive behavior on social media and online platforms, or to the mythical creatures similar to trolls found in European mythology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=מה זה טרול - מילון עברי עברי - מילוג |url=https://milog.co.il/%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=milog.co.il}}</ref> The word is also inflected into a verb form, {{lang|he|להטריל}}, which means to engage in trolling behavior on the internet or social media.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-10 |title=כתב פוסטים מרושעים בפייסבוק ונשלח לכלא לשנתיים |url=https://www.mako.co.il/nexter-internet/social-networks-facebook/Article-196123906f8cf31006.htm |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=mako}}</ref>
In [[Japanese language|Japanese]], {{nihongo|''[[wikt:en:tsuri#Japanese|tsuri]]''|[[wikt:en:釣り#Japanese|釣り]]}} means "fishing" and refers to intentionally misleading posts whose only purpose is to get the readers to react, i.e. get trolled. {{nihongo|''[[wikt:en:arashi#Japanese|Arashi]]''|[[wikt:en:荒らし#Japanese|荒らし]]}} means "laying waste" and can also be used to refer to simple [[spam (electronic)|spamming]].▼
In [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], ''[[wikt:en:þurs#Icelandic|þurs]]'' (a [[Jötunn|thurs]]) or ''[[wikt:en:tröll#Icelandic|tröll]]'' (a [[troll]]) may refer to trolls, the verbs ''þursa'' (to troll) or ''þursast'' (to be trolling, to troll about) may be used.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-22 |title=Troll Politics |url=https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2020/04/22/troll-politics/ |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=August 2022}}
▲In [[Japanese language|Japanese]], {{nihongo|''[[wikt:en:tsuri#Japanese|tsuri]]''|[[wikt:en:釣り#Japanese|釣り]]}} means "fishing" and refers to intentionally misleading posts whose only purpose is to get the readers to react, i.e. get trolled. {{nihongo|''[[wikt:en:arashi#Japanese|Arashi]]''|[[wikt:en:荒らし#Japanese|荒らし]]}} means "laying waste" and can also be used to refer to simple [[spam (electronic)|spamming]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
In [[Korean language|Korean]], ''nak-si'' (낚시) means "fishing" and refers to Internet trolling attempts, as well as purposely misleading post titles. A person who recognizes the troll after having responded (or, in case of a post title, ''nak-si'', having read the actual post) would often refer to themselves as a caught fish.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ybmallinall.com/stylev2/index.asp?menumode=today_hot¶m=3566|script-title=ko:관심을 바라는 사람, 영어로 뭐라고 해요?|access-date=January 15, 2021|language=ko}}</ref>
In [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], more commonly in its [[Brazilian Portuguese|Brazilian]] variant, [[:pt:Troll|troll]] (pronounced {{IPA
In [[Thai language|Thai]], the term ''krian'' ([[:wikt:เกรียน|เกรียน]]) has been adopted to address Internet trolls. According to the [[Royal Institute of Thailand]], the term, which literally refers to a closely cropped hairstyle worn by schoolboys in Thailand, is from the behaviour of these schoolboys who usually gather to play online games and, during which, make annoying, disruptive, impolite, or unreasonable expressions.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Photchananukrom Kham Mai Lem Song Chabap Ratchabandittayasathan|last = Royal Institute of Thailand|publisher = Royal Institute of Thailand|year = 2009|isbn = 9786167073040|location = Bangkok|pages = 11|script-title = th:พจนานุกรมคำใหม่ เล่ม ๒ ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน|trans-title = Royal Institute Dictionary of New Words, Volume 2|language=th|author-link = Royal Society of Thailand}}</ref>
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Researcher [[Ben Radford]] wrote about the phenomenon of [[clown]]s in history and the modern day in his book ''Bad Clowns'', and found that "bad clowns" have evolved into Internet trolls.<ref name="Bad Clowns">{{cite book |last=Radford |first=Ben |author-link=Ben Radford |year=2016 |title=Bad Clowns |publisher=[[University of New Mexico Press]] |location=[[Albuquerque]] |isbn=978-0826356666}}</ref> They do not dress up as traditional clowns but, for their own amusement, they tease and exploit "human foibles" in order to speak the "truth" and gain a reaction.<ref name="Bad Clowns"/> Like clowns in make-up, Internet trolls hide behind "anonymous accounts and fake usernames".<ref name="Bad Clowns"/> In their eyes, they are the [[Deception|trickster]] and are performing for a nameless audience via the Internet.<ref name="Bad Clowns"/> Studies conducted in the fields of [[human–computer interaction]] and [[cyberpsychology]] by other researchers have corroborated Radford's analysis on the phenomenon of Internet trolling as a form of deception-serving [[entertainment]] and its correlations to [[Aggression|aggressive behaviour]], [[katagelasticism]], [[Black comedy|black humor]], and the [[Dark tetrad]].<ref name="Dynel 2016"/><ref name="JournalofPersonality"/><ref name="Comput. Hum. Behav."/>
Trolling correlates positively with [[Sadomasochism|sadism]],<ref name="JournalofPersonality"/><ref name="Comput. Hum. Behav."/><ref name="SPSP.org"/><ref name="Cyberpsychology"/> [[Trait theory|trait]] [[psychopathy]],<ref name="JournalofPersonality"/><ref name="Comput. Hum. Behav."/><ref name="SPSP.org"/><ref name="Cyberpsychology"/> and [[Machiavellianism (psychology)|Machiavellianism]]<ref name="Coping with Internet Trolls">{{Cite web|url=https://psychcentral.com/blog/coping-with-internet-trolls/|title=Coping with Internet Trolls|last1=Glass|first1=Rachel Lee|last2=MA|date=2020-02-04|website=psychcentral.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-20|last3=read|first3=CLC Last updated: 4 Feb 2020 ~ 2 min}}</ref> (see [[
A [[Psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic]] and [[Sexology|sexologic]] study on the phenomenon of Internet trolling asserts that [[anonymity]] increases the incidence of the trolling behaviour, and that "the internet is becoming a [[Media (communication)|medium]] to invest our anxieties and not thinking about the repercussions of trolling and affecting the victims mentally and incite a sense of guilt and shame within them".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sinha |first1=Krittika |last2=Huma |first2=Fatima |last3=Baig |first3=Mirza Sarwar |date=June 2020 |title=Psychoanalytic review of the trolling culture regarding female body |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3929149 |journal=Indian Journal of Health, Sexuality & Culture |volume=6 |issue=1 |publisher=[[List of sexology organizations|Indian Institute of Sexology]] |pages=29–36 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.3929149 |doi-access=free |issn=2581-575X |access-date=31 January 2021}}</ref>
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{{blockquote|These Do-Nothings profess a commitment to social change for ideals of justice, equality, and opportunity, and then abstain from and discourage all effective action for change. They are known by their brand, 'I agree with your ends but not your means'.<ref name="vanfair">{{cite web |url = http://www.vanityfair.com/online/wolcott/2006/10/political_pieti.html |title = Political Pieties from a Post-Natal Drip |last = Wolcott |first = James |date = 6 October 2006 |work = James Wolcott's Blog – [[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |publisher = [[Condé Nast]] |access-date = 25 March 2009 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090218152929/http://www.vanityfair.com/online/wolcott/2006/10/political_pieti.html |archive-date = 18 February 2009 |df = dmy-all}}</ref>}}
''[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]'' published an op-ed piece by [[Markos Moulitsas]] of the liberal blog ''[[Daily Kos]]'' titled "Dems: Ignore 'Concern Trolls{{'"}}. The concern trolls in question were not Internet participants but rather Republicans offering public advice and warnings to the Democrats that could be considered deceptive.<ref name="thehill">{{cite web| url=
== Troll sites ==
The online forum [[TOTSE]], as created in 1997, is considered one of the earliest trolling communities, predating 4chan by several years.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Phillips |first1=Whitney |title=This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture |date=20 March 2015 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-32900-2 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B4weBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 |language=en}}</ref> A ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' article discussed troll activity at [[4chan]] and at [[Encyclopedia Dramatica]], which it described as "an online compendium of troll humor and troll lore".<ref name="nyt" /> 4chan's /b/ board is recognized as "one of the Internet's most infamous and active trolling hotspots".<ref>{{Cite web|title = Internet Troll Sub-Culture's Savage Spoofing of Mainstream Media [Excerpt]|url = http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/internet-troll-sub-culture-s-savage-spoofing-of-mainstream-media-excerpt/|website = Scientific American|access-date = 24 February 2016|first = Whitney|last = Phillips}}</ref> This site and others are often used as a base to troll against sites that their members
The online French group [[Ligue du LOL]] has been accused of organized harassment and described as a troll group.<ref>{{cite news|title=The #ligueduLOL cyberbullying case is the French media's day of reckoning | Cécile Guerin | Opinion | The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/12/liguedulol-cyberbullying-case-french-media-reckoning-trolls|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 February 2019|last1=Guerin|first1=Cécile}}</ref>
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Trolls of the testimonial page of Georgia Varley faced no prosecution due to misunderstandings of the legal system in the wake of the term trolling being popularized.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-news/local-news/2012/01/14/georgia-varley-inspired-trolling-law-is-waste-of-time-says-internet-campaigner-100252-30120150/ |title=Georgia Varley-inspired trolling law is waste of time says internet campaigner|work=Liverpool Echo |access-date=2 February 2012|date=14 January 2012}}</ref> In October 2012, a twenty-year-old man was jailed for twelve weeks for posting offensive jokes to a support group for friends and family of [[Murder of April Jones|April Jones]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/10/08/man_jailed_for_12_weeks_over_april_jones_facebook_posts/|title=Lancashire man JAILED over April Jones Facebook posts|work=[[The Register]]|date=8 October 2012|access-date=11 December 2012}}</ref>
Between 2008 and 2017, 5,332 people in London were arrested and charged for behavior on social media deemed in violation of Communications Act 2003.<ref>[https://www.london.gov.uk/who-we-are/what-london-assembly-does/questions-mayor/find-an-answer/crimes-social-media Crimes Social Media]. ''www.london.gov.uk''. Accessed 6 Aug 2024.</ref>
=== United States ===
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The [[2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries|2020 Democratic]] presidential candidate [[Bernie Sanders]] has faced criticism for the behavior of some of his supporters online, but has deflected such criticism, suggesting that "Russians" were impersonating people claiming to be "[[Bernie Bro]]" supporters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Experts Say There's 'No Evidence' for Bernie's Russian Bot Claim |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/experts-call-bs-on-bernies-russian-bot-theory |work=The Daily Beast |date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Twitter rejected Sanders' suggestion that Russia could be responsible for the bad reputation of his supporters. A Twitter spokesperson told [[CNBC]]: "Using technology and human review in concert, we proactively monitor Twitter to identify attempts at platform manipulation and mitigate them. As is standard, if we have reasonable evidence of state-backed information operations, we'll disclose them following our thorough investigation to our public archive — the largest of its kind in the industry."<ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter knocks down Bernie Sanders' suggestion that Russian trolls are behind online attacks from his supporters |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/02/20/twitter-knocks-down-sanders-suggestion-russian-trolls-behind-supporters.html |work=CNBC |date=February 20, 2020}}</ref> Twitter had suspended 70 troll accounts that posted content in support of [[Michael Bloomberg]]'s [[Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign|presidential campaign]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Twitter is suspending 70 pro-Bloomberg accounts, citing 'platform manipulation' |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/story/2020-02-21/twitter-suspends-bloomberg-accounts |work=Los Angeles Times |date=February 21, 2020}}</ref>
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== Examples ==
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== See also ==
{{Portal|Internet}}
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
* [[Cancel culture]]
* [[Catfishing]]
* [[Fascism]]
* [[Flame war]]▼
* [[Fake news website]]
▲* [[Flame war]]
* [[Griefer]]
* [[Heckler]]
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== External links ==
{{Wiktionary|troll}}
{{Commonscat}}
=== Trolling advocacy and safety ===
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