In 2024, tropical cyclones will form in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. Tropical cyclones will be named by various weather agencies when they attain maximum sustained winds of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). So far, eleven systems have formed, with six of them being named. The most intense storm of the year so far is Anggrek, with a minimum pressure of 950 hPa (28.05 inHg). Among this year's systems, only one became a major tropical cyclone, with no tropical cyclones intensifying into Category 5 tropical cyclones on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS). The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2024 (seven basins combined) so far, as calculated by Colorado State University (CSU) is 53.1 units overall.
| Tropical cyclones in 2024 | |
|---|---|
| Year boundaries | |
| First system | Anggrek |
| Formed | January 10, 2024 |
| Strongest system | |
| Name | Anggrek |
| Lowest pressure | 950 mbar (hPa); 28.35 inHg |
| Longest lasting system | |
| Name | Kirrily |
| Duration | 22 days |
| Year statistics | |
| Total systems | 11 |
| Named systems | 6 |
| Total fatalities | 6 total |
| Total damage | Unknown |
Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by ten warning centers around the world, which are designated as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These centers are: National Hurricane Center (NHC), Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Météo-France (MFR), Indonesia's Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service (PNGNWS), Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), and New Zealand's MetService. Unofficial, but still notable, warning centers include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA; albeit official within the Philippines), the United States's Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center.
Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions
After the New Year, the MJO's amplitude weakened, with its eastward propagation slowing down due to the positive phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and an equatorial Rossby wave. Despite that, the MJO briefly caused El Niño-like wind anomalies to become easterly at the Date Line. There was also a significant increase in convection across the eastern Indian Ocean in January as the Dipole began weakening.[1] However, in the middle of January, the MJO began steadily intensifying, enhancing convection across the Maritime Continent. Despite that, intra-seasonal activity persevered,[2] although the MJO produced convection in the Western Pacific.[3] In Australia, the monsoonal trough's arrival was delayed until January 10, possibly due to the El Niño event.[4]
Summary
North Atlantic Ocean
Eastern & Central Pacific Oceans
Western Pacific Ocean
North Indian Ocean
South-West Indian Ocean
January - June
The first system of the season, Tropical Storm Alvaro, formed on December 30, 2023 and persisted into 2024. Before becoming post-tropical on January 3,[5] it made landfall in Morombe District, Madagascar,[6] killing nineteen people. After a brief lull in activity, Tropical Cyclone Belal formed on January 11.[7] severely affecting Mauritius and Réunion, with the latter suffering the brunt of the storm, causing six deaths in the process.[8][9] On January 22, Moderate Tropical Storm Candice formed.[10] Eight days later, Tropical Depression 05 formed.[11]
Australian Region
January - June
After a brief lull in activity, Tropical Cyclone Anggrek would form northwest of the Cocos Islands on January 10.[12] The next day, Tropical Low 03U would form in the southern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf.[13] The day after that, Tropical Cyclone Kirrily would form.[14] On 30 January, Subtropical Low 06U formed.
South Pacific Ocean
January - June
After a significant lull in activity, Tropical Disturbance 04F formed on January 25 and dissipated the next day.[15] On February 1, 6U entered the South Pacific basin and was designated 05F by the FMS.[16] After the system exited to the Australian region and struggled against moderate wind shear, 05F re-entered on February 7 and JTWC designated it tropical storm 12P.[17] On February 3, the FMS designated 06F and was later named Nat on February 5. The FMS upgraded Nat to a Category 2 tropical cyclone the next day before wind shear led to the system's demise.[18] Simultaneously, Tropical Disturbance 07F formed on February 5 before dissipating.[19] 08F quickly developed and the FMS named Osai on February 7 before an increase in wind shear caused the storm to dissipate.[20]
South Atlantic Ocean
Systems
January
January was slightly active with eight systems forming, four of them being named. Tropical Storm Alvaro from the South-West Indian Ocean persisted into 2024 and made landfall in Madagascar, killing nineteen and causing some damages. Cyclone Belal affected Reunion and Mauritius, causing six fatalities. In the Australian region, Cyclone Kirrily affected Queensland while Cyclone Anggrek formed in the basin, entered the South-West Indian Ocean on January 25, and became a Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone on January 28, making it the strongest storm of the month, as well as the first major tropical cyclone of the year.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anggrek | January 10–30 | 185 (115) | 950 | None | None | None | |
| 03U | January 11–23 | Unknown | 991 | Northern Territory, Western Australia | None | None | |
| Belal | January 11–18 | 140 (85) | 969 | Réunion, Mauritius | Unknown | 6 | |
| Kirrily | January 12–February 3 | 120 (75) | 978 | Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia, New South Wales | Unknown | None | |
| Candice | January 23–27 | 95 (60) | 985 | Mauritius | None | None | |
| 04F | January 25–26 | Unknown | 1002 | None | None | None | |
| 05 | January 30–February 2 | 55 (35) | 1001 | None | None | None | |
| 05F/06U | January 30–present | 55 (35) | 996 | New Caledonia, Vanuatu | None | None |
February
So far in February, four systems have formed with two of them being named.
| Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nat | February 3–10 | 95 (60) | 985 | Samoa, American Samoa, Southern Cook Islands, French Polynesia | None | None | |
| 07F | February 5–8 | Unknown | 1002 | None | None | None | |
| Osai | February 6–12 | 85 (50) | 991 | Samoa, American Samoa | None | None | |
| 09F | February 11–13 | Unknown | 1004 | None | None | None |
Global effects
There are a total of seven tropical cyclone basins that tropical cyclones typically form in. In this table, data from all these basins are added. [21]
| Season name | Areas affected | Systems formed |
Named storms |
Tropical cyclones |
Damage (2024 USD) | Deaths | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Atlantic Ocean[a] | — | — | — | — | Unknown | — | ||
| Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean[a] | — | — | — | — | Unknown | — | ||
| Western Pacific Ocean[b] | — | — | — | — | Unknown | — | ||
| North Indian Ocean[c] | — | — | — | — | Unknown | — | ||
| South-West Indian Ocean | January – June[d][e] | Réunion, Mauritius | 3 | 2 | 1 | Unknown | 6 | |
| July – December[b] | — | — | — | — | Unknown | — | ||
| Australian region | January – June[d] | Western Australia, Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia, New South Wales | 4 | 2 | 2 | Unknown | — | |
| July – December[b] | — | — | — | — | Unknown | — | ||
| South Pacific Ocean | January – June[d] | Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, American Samoa | 4 | 2 | — | Unknown | — | |
| July – December[b] | — | — | — | — | Unknown | — | ||
| Worldwide | (See above) | 11 | 6 | 3 | Unknown | 6 | ||
- ^ a b The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
- ^ a b c d Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2024 are counted in the seasonal totals.
- ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
- ^ a b c Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2024 are counted in the seasonal totals.
- ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France, which uses wind gusts.
See also
References
- ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/14)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-14. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
- ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/17)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/23)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
- ^ "Tropical Climate Update". Bureau of Meteorology. January 16, 2024. Archived from the original on January 22, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
- ^ Post-Tropical Depression 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (20/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Bulletin Cyclonique Special du 01 Janvier 2024 a 20 heures locales (Report) (in French). Météo Madagascar. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ "TC Map". January 11, 2024. Archived from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ^ "One dead as storm hits French Indian Ocean island". Yahoo News. 2024-01-15. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ "Mauritius and Reunion assess damage from Indian Ocean cyclone that killed at least 4 people". AP News. 2024-01-16. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "CYCLONE et ACTIVITE CYCLONIQUE par Météo-France La Réunion". Meteo-France. 2024-01-22. Archived from the original on 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ "CYCLONE et ACTIVITE CYCLONIQUE par Météo-France La Réunion". Meteo-France. 2024-01-30. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 11:54 pm UTC 10 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 08:36 am UTC. 11 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 12:16 am UTC 12 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
- ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W". Fiji Meteorological Service. 2024-01-25. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
- ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W ISSUED FROM RSMC NADI Feb 02 00:30 UTC". www.met.gov.fj. February 2, 2024. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone 12P (Twelve) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A7 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. February 6, 2024. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- ^ Tropical Disturbance Summary February 5, 2024 10z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. February 6, 2024. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "NWPS01 NFFN 071200". www.met.gov.fj. February 7, 2024. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential Seven Basins". NOAA. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
External links
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
- US National Hurricane Center. (RSMC Miami) – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center (RSMC Honolulu) – Central Pacific
- Japan Meteorological Agency (RSMC Tokyo) – West Pacific
- India Meteorological Department (RSMC New Delhi) – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
- Météo-France – La Reunion (RSMC La Réunion) – South-West Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
- Fiji Meteorological Service (RSMC Nadi) – South Pacific, west of 160°E, north of 25° S
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
- Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (TCWC Jakarta) – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC Melbourne) – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
- Papua New Guinea National Weather Service (TCWC Port Moresby) – South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
- Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited (TCWC Wellington) – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S
Other Warning Centres
- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration – Monitors the West Pacific
- Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center - Marine Meteorological Service – Monitors the South Atlantic
- US Joint Typhoon Warning Centre – Monitors the East Pacific, Central Pacific, West Pacific, South Pacific, North Indian Ocean and South-West Indian Ocean