In 2024, tropical cyclones will form in seven major bodies of water, commonly known as tropical cyclone basins. Tropical cyclones will be named by various weather agencies when they attain maximum sustained winds of 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph). So far, thirty systems have formed, with nineteen of them being named. The most intense storm of the year so far is Djoungou, with a minimum pressure of 922 hPa (27.23 inHg). Among this year's systems, so far, five have intensified into major tropical cyclones, with no tropical cyclones intensifying into Category 5 tropical cyclones on the Saffir–Simpson scale (SSHWS). The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for the 2024 (seven basins combined) so far, as calculated by Colorado State University (CSU), is 120.5 units overall.
Tropical cyclones in 2024 | |
---|---|
Year boundaries | |
First system | Anggrek |
Formed | January 10, 2024 |
Strongest system | |
Name | Djoungou |
Lowest pressure | 922 mbar (hPa); 27.23 inHg |
Longest lasting system | |
Name | 05F |
Duration | 29 days |
Year statistics | |
Total systems | 33 |
Named systems | 20 |
Total fatalities | 29 total |
Total damage | Unknown |
Tropical cyclones are primarily monitored by ten warning centers around the world, which are designated as a Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) or a Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (TCWC) by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). These centers are: National Hurricane Center (NHC), Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), Météo-France (MFR), Indonesia's Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service (PNGNWS), Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), and New Zealand's MetService. Unofficial, but still notable, warning centers include the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA; albeit official within the Philippines), the United States's Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center.
Global atmospheric and hydrological conditions
After the New Year, the MJO's amplitude weakened, with its eastward propagation slowing down due to the positive phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and an equatorial Rossby wave. Despite that, the MJO briefly caused El Niño-like wind anomalies to become easterly at the Date Line. There was also a significant increase in convection across the eastern Indian Ocean in January as the Dipole began weakening.[1] However, in the middle of January, the MJO began steadily intensifying, enhancing convection across the Maritime Continent. Despite that, intra-seasonal activity persevered,[2] although the MJO produced convection in the Western Pacific.[3] In Australia, the monsoonal trough's arrival was delayed until January 10, possibly due to the El Niño event.[4] On April 16, the dominant El Niño event ended.[5]
Summary
North Atlantic Ocean
Eastern & Central Pacific Oceans
Western Pacific Ocean
North Indian Ocean
South-West Indian Ocean
January - June
The first system of the season, Tropical Storm Alvaro, formed on December 30, 2023 and persisted into 2024. Before becoming post-tropical on January 3,[6] it made landfall in Morombe District, Madagascar,[7] killing nineteen people. After a brief lull in activity, Tropical Cyclone Belal formed on January 11.[8] severely affecting Mauritius and Réunion, with the latter suffering the brunt of the storm, causing six deaths in the process.[9][10] On January 22, Moderate Tropical Storm Candice formed.[11] Eight days later, Tropical Depression 05 formed.[12]
Australian Region
January - June
After a brief lull in activity, Tropical Cyclone Anggrek would form northwest of the Cocos Islands on January 10.[13] The next day, Tropical Low 03U would form in the southern Joseph Bonaparte Gulf.[14] The day after that, Tropical Cyclone Kirrily would form.[15] On 30 January, Subtropical Low 06U formed.
South Pacific Ocean
January - June
After a significant lull in activity, Tropical Disturbance 04F formed on January 25 and dissipated the next day.[16] On February 1, 06U entered the South Pacific basin and was designated 05F by the FMS.[17] After the system exited to the Australian region and struggled against moderate wind shear, 05F re-entered on February 7 and JTWC designated it tropical storm 12P.[18] On February 3, the FMS designated 06F and was later named Nat on February 5. The FMS upgraded Nat to a Category 2 tropical cyclone the next day before wind shear led to the system's demise.[19] Simultaneously, Tropical Disturbance 07F formed on February 5 before dissipating.[20] 08F quickly developed and the FMS named Osai on February 7 before an increase in wind shear caused the storm to dissipate.[21] On February 11, 09F developed and was short-lived due to high wind shear. On February 14, the FMS designated 10F and soon the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 15P. However, 10F was short-lived due to increasing wind shear.[22]
South Atlantic Ocean
On February 16, the CHM stated that a subtropical depression had formed in the Rio de Janeiro basin.[23] Two days later, the cyclone acquired tropical characteristics and became a tropical depression. In the early hours of 19 February, the depression developed into a tropical storm, thus receiving the name Akará.
Systems
January
January was slightly active featuring eight systems forming with four of them being named.[24] Tropical Storm Alvaro from the South-West Indian Ocean persisted into 2024 and made landfall in Madagascar, killing nineteen and causing some damages. Cyclone Belal affected Reunion and Mauritius, causing six fatalities. In the Australian region, Cyclone Kirrily affected Queensland while Cyclone Anggrek formed in the basin, entered the South-West Indian Ocean on January 25, and became a Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone on January 28, making it the strongest storm of the month, as well as the first major tropical cyclone of the year.
Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anggrek | January 10–30 | 185 (115) | 950 | None | None | None | |
03U | January 11–23 | Unknown | 991 | Northern Territory, Western Australia | None | None | |
Belal | January 11–18 | 140 (85) | 969 | Mascarene Islands | Unknown | 6 | [25][26] |
Kirrily | January 12–February 5 | 120 (75) | 978 | Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia, New South Wales | Unknown | None | |
Candice | January 23–27 | 95 (60) | 985 | Mauritius | None | None | |
04F | January 25–26 | Unknown | 1002 | None | None | None | |
05 | January 28–February 2 | 55 (35) | 999 | None | None | None | |
05F | January 30–February 28 | 55 (35) | 996 | New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji | None | None |
February
February was above-average, featuring nine systems with six of them being named.[27] In the South Pacific, Cyclones Nat and Osai affected Samoa, with the former peaking as a Category 2 tropical cyclone before dissipating on February 10. In the South-West Indian ocean, Cyclone Djoungou is the strongest system this month. Cyclone Eleanor affected sparsely over the Mascarene Islands. In the South Atlantic, Tropical Storm Akará affected Southern Brazil. In the Australian region, Cyclone Lincoln crossed through the Northern Territory inland just after making landfall in that particular area.
Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nat | February 3–10 | 95 (60) | 985 | Samoa, American Samoa, Southern Cook Islands, French Polynesia | None | None | |
07F | February 5–8 | Unknown | 1002 | French Polynesia | None | None | |
Osai | February 6–12 | 85 (50) | 991 | Samoa, American Samoa, Southern Cook Islands | None | None | |
09F | February 11–13 | Unknown | 1004 | French Polynesia | None | None | |
10F | February 14–17 | 55 (35) | 995 | None | None | None | |
Lincoln | February 13–25 | 75 (45) | 993 | Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia | None | None | |
Djoungou | February 13–19 | 215 (130) | 922 | None | None | None | |
Akará | February 16–22 | 85 (50) | 994 | Southern Brazil | None | None | |
Eleanor | February 17–24 | 100 (65) | 984 | Mauritius, Réunion | None | None |
March
March was near-average, featuring seven systems, with four of which have been named. The month began in the South-West Indian Ocean with Tropical Storm Filipo, which recently affected Madagascar and Mozambique as a severe tropical storm. On the other side of the basin, Cyclone Megan made landfall in Borroloola, Australia just after reaching its peak as a Category-3 cyclone, bringing destructive winds and heavy rain in the area. Cyclone Neville, is the strongest tropical cyclone so far in this month. Before the end of the month, Cyclone Gamane made landfall in the northeastern tip of Madagascar as a Category-2 cyclone before it dissipated on March 28.
Storm name | Dates active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Filipo | March 2–14 | 100 (65) | 989 | Madagascar, Mayotte, Mozambique, Eswatini, South Africa | Unknown | 2 | |
Neville | March 4–24 | 175 (110) | 952 | Cocos Islands, Christmas Island | None | None | |
11F | March 8–15 | 65 (40) | 1000 | Vanuatu | None | None | |
Megan | March 13–21 | 165 (105) | 955 | Northern Territory, Queensland | None | None | |
10U | March 14 | Unknown | 1003 | Cape York Peninsula | None | None | |
12F | March 19–20 | Unknown | 1005 | None | None | None | |
Gamane | March 25–28 | 150 (90) | 970 | Madagascar | Unknown | 19 |
April
April was an unusually inactive month, featuring four systems, with three getting named. The month started with Cyclone Olga, which formed over the open waters of Western Australia and peaked as a Category 4-equivalent major cyclone as it remains over the Indian Ocean. Shortly after Olga degenerated into a tropical low, short-lived Cyclone Paul would also form in the Coral Sea. 12U formed on April 12 and dissipated 2 days later. On the last day of April, Cyclone Hidaya formed near Seychelles and made a rare landfall in Tanzania.
Storm name | Dates Active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Olga | April 4-11 | 205 (125) | 933 | Lesser Sunda Islands, Western Australia | None | None | |
Paul | April 10–13 | 95 (60) | 991 | None | None | None | |
12U | April 12–14 | Unknown | 1006 | Lesser Sunda Islands, East Timor | None | None | |
Hidaya | April 30–May 4 | 140 (85) | 975 | Seychelles, Comoro Islands, Tanzania, Kenya | None | 1 |
May
So far in May, four cyclones have formed, with three being named. The month started with Tropical Storm Ialy, which formed near Comoros and intensified into a compact tropical cyclone. On May 22, Tropical Storm Ewiniar formed southeast of Palau, traversing the Philippines, and bringing heavy rains over the country. Cyclone Remal then formed in the Bay of Bengal on May 24.
Storm name | Dates Active | Max wind km/h (mph) |
Pressure (hPa) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16U | May 4–5 | Unknown | 1004 | None | None | None | |
Ialy | May 16–22 | 120 (75) | 983 | Seychelles, Madagascar, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia | None | 2 | |
Ewiniar (Aghon) | May 22–present | 65 (40) | 1002 | Philippines | None | None | |
Remal | May 24– present | 95 (60) | 982 | None | None | None |
Global effects
There are a total of seven tropical cyclone basins that tropical cyclones typically form in. In this table, data from all these basins are added. [28]
- ^ a b The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the Saffir Simpson Scale which uses 1-minute sustained winds.
- ^ a b c d Only systems that formed either before or on December 31, 2024 are counted in the seasonal totals.
- ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone/basin are based on the IMD Scale which uses 3-minute sustained winds.
- ^ a b c Only systems that formed either on or after January 1, 2024 are counted in the seasonal totals.
- ^ The wind speeds for this tropical cyclone are based on Météo-France, which uses wind gusts.
- ^ The sum of the number of systems in each basin will not equal the number shown as the total. This is because when systems move between basins, it creates a discrepancy in the actual number of systems.
See also
Notes
References
- ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/14)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-14. Retrieved 2024-01-14.
- ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/17)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-17. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ "Climate Prediction Center - Global Tropical Hazards Outlook (01/23)". Climate Prediction Center. 2024-01-24. Retrieved 2024-01-24.
- ^ "Tropical Climate Update". Bureau of Meteorology. January 16, 2024. Archived from the original on January 22, 2024. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
- ^ bbc.com/news/science-environment-68826152
- ^ Post-Tropical Depression 01 (Alvaro) Warning Number (20/1/20232024) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 3 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Bulletin Cyclonique Special du 01 Janvier 2024 a 20 heures locales (Report) (in French). Météo Madagascar. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
- ^ "TC Map". January 11, 2024. Archived from the original on January 11, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ^ "One dead as storm hits French Indian Ocean island". Yahoo News. 2024-01-15. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ "Mauritius and Reunion assess damage from Indian Ocean cyclone that killed at least 4 people". AP News. 2024-01-16. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
- ^ "CYCLONE et ACTIVITE CYCLONIQUE par Météo-France La Réunion". Meteo-France. 2024-01-22. Archived from the original on 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
- ^ "CYCLONE et ACTIVITE CYCLONIQUE par Météo-France La Réunion". Meteo-France. 2024-01-30. Retrieved 2024-01-30.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 11:54 pm UTC 10 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 10 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 08:36 am UTC. 11 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Forecast 12:16 am UTC 12 January 2024 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 12 January 2024. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
- ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W". Fiji Meteorological Service. 2024-01-25. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
- ^ "Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W ISSUED FROM RSMC NADI Feb 02 00:30 UTC". www.met.gov.fj. February 2, 2024. Archived from the original on February 2, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone 12P (Twelve) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A7 (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. February 6, 2024. Archived from the original on February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
- ^ Tropical Disturbance Summary February 5, 2024 10z (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. February 6, 2024. Archived from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.
- ^ "NWPS01 NFFN 071200". www.met.gov.fj. February 7, 2024. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone 15P (Firteen) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 15 February 2024. Archived from the original on February 15, 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024. Alt URL
- ^ "Hidrografia da Marinha - Special Warning". 16 February 2024.
- ^ NCEI.Monitoring.Info@noaa.gov. "January 2024 Tropical Cyclones Report | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncei.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
- ^ "One dead as storm hits French Indian Ocean island". Yahoo News. 15 January 2024. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ "Mauritius and Reunion assess damage from Indian Ocean cyclone that killed at least 4 people". Associated Press News. 16 January 2024. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ NCEI.Monitoring.Info@noaa.gov. "February 2024 Tropical Cyclones Report | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)". www.ncei.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-03-18.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential Seven Basins". NOAA. Retrieved 20 October 2021.
External links
Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers
- US National Hurricane Center. (RSMC Miami) – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center (RSMC Honolulu) – Central Pacific
- Japan Meteorological Agency (RSMC Tokyo) – West Pacific
- India Meteorological Department (RSMC New Delhi) – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
- Météo-France – La Reunion (RSMC La Réunion) – South-West Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
- Fiji Meteorological Service (RSMC Nadi) – South Pacific, west of 160°E, north of 25° S
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centers
- Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency of Indonesia (TCWC Jakarta) – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 141°E, generally north of 10°S
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC Melbourne) – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, generally south of 10°S
- Papua New Guinea National Weather Service (TCWC Port Moresby) – South Pacific Ocean from 141°E to 160°E, generally north of 10°S
- Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited (TCWC Wellington) – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S
Other Warning Centres
- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration – Monitors the West Pacific
- Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center - Marine Meteorological Service – Monitors the South Atlantic
- US Joint Typhoon Warning Centre – Monitors the East Pacific, Central Pacific, West Pacific, South Pacific, North Indian Ocean and South-West Indian Ocean