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===Intravenous fluids===
In EGDT, fluids are titrated in response to [[heart rate]], [[blood pressure]], and urine output; restoring large fluid deficits can require 6 to 10L of [[crystalloid solution|crystalloid]]s.<ref name=H46>{{cite book|last=Hall|first=Jesse|title=Principles of critical care|year=2005|publisher=McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division|location=New York|isbn=0071416404|pages=Chapter 46|edition=3rd ed.}}</ref> In cases where a [[central venous catheter]] is used to measure blood pressures dynamically, fluids should be administered until the [[central venous pressure]] (CVP) reaches 8–12 cm of water (or 10–15 cm of water in mechanically ventilated patients). Once these goals are met, the [[mixed venous oxygen saturation]] (SvO2), i.e., the oxygen saturation of venous blood as it returns to the heart as measured at the vena cava, is optimized. If the SvO2 is less than 70%, blood is given to reach a hemoglobin of 10 g/dl and then inotropes are added until the SvO2 is optimized.<ref name=H46/>
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