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{{Short description|Chinese painter (1895–1953)}}
{{Chinese name|[[Xú|Xu]]}}▼
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox artist
|name = Xu Beihong
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|birth_name =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1895|7|19|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Yixing]], [[Jiangsu]], China
|death_date = {{death date and age|1953|9|26|1895|7|19|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Beijing]], China
|nationality = Chinese
|field = [[Oil painting]], [[ink and wash painting|Chinese ink painting]]
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}}
'''Xu Beihong''' ({{zh|t=徐悲鴻|w=Hsü Pei-hung}}; 19 July 1895 – 26 September 1953), also known as '''Ju Péon''', was a Chinese painter.<ref name="China Daily five major works">{{Cite web |
He was primarily known for his [[Ink wash painting|Chinese ink paintings]] of horses and birds and was one of the first Chinese artists to articulate the need for artistic expressions that reflected a modern China at the beginning of the 20th century. He was also regarded as one of the first to create monumental oil paintings with epic Chinese themes – a show of his high proficiency in an essential Western art technique.<ref name="sam">{{Cite
==Biography==
[[File:Former Residence of Xu Beihong in Nanjing 2011-03.JPG|thumb|Former residence of Xu Beihong in [[Nanjing]].]]
Xu was born on 19 July 1895 in [[Yixing]], [[Jiangsu]], during the late [[Qing dynasty]].
In 1915, he moved to [[Shanghai]], where he made a living off commercial and private work. In 1916, Xu
Beginning in 1919, Xu studied overseas in [[Paris]] at the [[École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts]], where he studied [[oil painting]] and [[drawing]]. He was known as Ju Peon while studying in Paris.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/chinahistoricalc0000unse/page/359 |title=China: A Cultural and Historical Dictionary
His travels around Western Europe allowed him to observe and learn Western art techniques. Xu Beihong still wrote regularly for the ''Daily University of Peking University'' that dealt with wider issues then just campus politics. Xu addressed issues of Art and Art History and in 1920 a university art journal called ''Painting Miscellany'' was published.<ref name="brown">{{
[[File:Xu Beihong and Jiang Biwei.jpg|thumb|left|Xu Beihong and [[Jiang Biwei]]]]
He and his partner [[Jiang Biwei]] came back to China in 1927 and, from 1927 to 1929, he gained a number of posts at institutions in China, including teaching at [[National Central University]] (now [[Nanjing University]]) in the former capital city [[Nanjing]].
In 1933, Xu organized an exhibition of modern Chinese painting that traveled to France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, and the [[Soviet Union]]. He studied and
During [[World War II]], Xu traveled to [[Southeast Asia]], holding exhibitions in Singapore and India. All the proceeds from these exhibitions went to Chinese people who were suffering as a result of the war.[[File:XuBeihong-Pferd.jpg|thumb|left|Galloping Horse]]
After the [[Proclamation of the People's Republic of China|founding of the People's Republic of China]] in 1949, Xu became president of the [[Central Academy of Fine Arts]] and chairman of the [[China Artists Association]].
Xu Beihong was a master of both oils and Chinese ink. Most of his works, however, were in the Chinese traditional style. Xu
In his efforts to create a new form of national art, he combined Chinese brush and ink techniques with Western perspective and methods of composition. He integrated firm and bold brush strokes with the precise delineation of form. As an art teacher, he advocated the subordination of technique to artistic conception and emphasizes the importance of the artist's experiences in life. Of all of the Painters of the modern era, it can be safely said that Xu is the one painter most responsible for the direction taken in the modern Chinese Art world. In the painting of Beihong in 1949 and the specific influence such has in the art as well as politics. It is evident that
The policies enacted by Xu at the beginning of the Communist Era continue to control not only official Government Policy towards the arts, but they continue to direct the overall direction taken in the various Art Colleges and Universities throughout China.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mo
Xu enjoyed massive support from art collectors across Asia. Between 1939 and 1941, he held solo exhibitions in Singapore, India and Malaya ([[Penang]], [[Kuala Lumpur]] and [[Ipoh]]) to help raise funds for the war relief effort in China. In one war benefit exhibition in March 1939, Xu held a group exhibition with [[ink and wash painting|Chinese ink painting]] masters [[Ren Bonian]] and [[Qi Baishi]], and showcased 171 works of art at the [[Victoria Memorial Hall]].<ref>{{
He also met
[[File:Former Residence of Xu Beihong.jpg|right|thumb|Former residence of Xu Beihong in [[Yangshuo]].]]
Xu
Xu died of a stroke in 1953. After his death, a Xu Beihong Memorial Museum was established at his home in Beijing by his wife [[Liao Jingwen]].
=== Family Feud ===
In 2008, two ceramic vases created by Xu Beihong scheduled for an art exhibition in Singapore spurred local media attention. Family disputes broke out over the vases sales and profits, which led to legal tussles between the Huang descendants and the Singapore Art Museum. The Singaporean art collectors, Huang Man Shi and Huang Meng Gui, were famously supportive of Xu Beihong. The 18-cm high vases were made in the 1940s, titled ''Malay Dancers'' and ''Orchid'' were to be shown in a Jack Bonn curated exhibition in collaboration with the Singapore Art Museum, "Xu Beihong in Nanyang", as an attribution to the late grandfather and granduncle for the periods when Xu was a guest at his grandfather's estate. These items were returned as certain family members' feud led to the eventual auction failure and cancellation. The Museum maintained they were unaware of the legal implications surrounding the artifacts. Members of the Huang family adheres to the artifacts returning to the "original owners", in 2009.<ref>{{
=== Controversy ===
Xu's son, Xu Boyang, signed an affidavit that a nude portrait that had been found was of his mother Jiang Biwei. The painting was then sold for approximately $11m in 2010 at Beijing Jiuge Auctions. After the sale it was claimed that the painting was not by Xu Beihong but it was a piece created in 1983 by a student at the [[Central Academy of Fine Arts]].<ref name="student">{{
==Gallery==
|File:XuBeiHongMalayOrchids.jpg|'''Orchid (orched) (c. 1940)'''<br/>'''Size:''' 14 cm<br/>'''Medium:''' Oil on [[ceramic art|ceramics]]<br/>'''Collection: '''Private collection.
|File:XuBeiHongJenny.jpg|'''Portrait of Ms Jenny (1939)'''<br/>'''Size:''' unknown<br/>'''Medium:''' Oil on canvas<br/>A Cantonese dance hostess from Singapore commissioned by the then-vice-consul of Belgium to Singapore.
|File:XuBeiHongChristina.jpg|'''Portrait Of Young Lady (1940)'''<br/>'''Size:''' 82 x 54 cm<br/>'''Medium:''' Oil on canvas<br/>This portrait, completed in JiangXia Tang ({{lang|zh|江夏堂}}) in [[Singapore]], was of Christina Li HuiWang, who became the first wife of Asian mogul [[Loke Wan Tho]].
|File:XuBeiHongMdmCheng.jpg|'''Portrait of Madam Cheng (1941)'''<br/>'''Size:''' 79.5 x 65 cm<br/>'''Medium:''' Oil on board<br/>Painted by Xu in [[Ipoh]], when Cheng was 92 who was the mother of Cheong Chee (1885-1954), a wealthy Chinese tin miner and philanthropist in Malaya.
|File:Liao Jingwen.jpg|'''Liao Jingwen (1943)'''<br/>'''Size:'''unknown<br/>'''Medium:''' Ink on paper<br/>Painting of [[Liao Jingwen]] finished in 1943 when Liao had just begun working for Xu at the [[China Academy of Art]].
|File:Xu beihong Painting Tianheng's five hundreds heroes.jpg|'''Dian Heng and Five hundreds heroes (1930)'''
}}
==Personal life==
Xu Beihong went to Japan to study arts in 1917. [[Jiang Biwei]], who was already engaged to another man, went with him to Japan without the consent of her family. Her family said that she had died to cover their embarrassment.<ref name="lee">{{
==Other media==
A 24-episode historic television series depicting Xu's life from early adulthood until 1949 was produced in Hebei and aired in Chinese television in 2013.
On 19 July 2011, Google celebrated Xu Beihong's 116th Birthday with a doodle.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--no byline--> |date=2023-07-18 |title=19 July: Remembering Xu Beihong on Birthday |url=https://observervoice.com/19-july-remembering-xu-beihong-on-birthday-30758/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Observer Voice |language=en-US}}</ref>
==References==
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144807/http://a.chinafilm.com/news/20081201951.html Synopsis of a planned TV series about Xu Beihong]
*[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/161950 Straddling East and West: Lin Yutang, a modern literatus: the Lin Yutang family collection of Chinese painting and calligraphy], an exhibition catalogue from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Xu Beihong (see table of contents)
*[https://iamasf.org/project/xubeihong Xu Beihong - ''A Pair of Geese'']
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1953 deaths]]
[[Category:Fudan University alumni]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Painters from Wuxi]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the National Central University
[[Category:Academic staff of Nanjing University
[[Category:People from Yixing]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Central Academy of Fine Arts
[[Category:Chinese portrait painters]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Educators from Wuxi]]
[[Category:Presidents of Central Academy of Fine Arts]]
[[Category:Artists from Wuxi]]
[[Category:Chinese art educators]]
[[Category:Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]]
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