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m major cleanup of German non-verb entry etymology (eliminate {{etyl}}), alternative forms, quotes/usexes, categories, misformatted entries, place names, given names, etc. (manually assisted)
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{{also|ʼn|Appendix:Variations of "n"}}
==English==
 
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/n/|[n̩]}}
 
===Etymology 1===
Line 6 ⟶ 9:
 
====Conjunction====
{{en-con|head=’n}}
 
# {{nonstandard spelling of|en|'n'|’n’}}
#: ''fish '''{{'}}n''' chips''
#: ''rock '''{{'}}n''' roll''
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Arthur D. Howden Smith|Arthur D[ouglas] Howden Smith]]|chapter=The Ferryman|title=Commodore Vanderbilt: An Epic of American Achievement|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Robert M. McBride|Robert M[edill] McBride]] & Company|year=1927|section=III|pages=50–51|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/commodorevanderb00smit/page/50/mode/1up|passage=“Might think we was brother '''{{'}}n''' sister, to hear ye, Ma! Damn me to glory, don't ye know thar's fust cousins marryin' every week? And no harm come of it.” {{...}} “Oh, son, not in the face of Pa '''{{'}}n''' me that love you, whatever you think! We're only tryin' to figger for your own good.”}}
 
===Etymology 2===
{{contraction of|en|than}}
 
====Conjunction====
{{en-con|head=’n}}
 
# {{contraction of|en|than}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1865|author=Mark Twain|title=The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County|passage=The feller took the box again, and took another long, particular look, and give it back to Smiley, and says, very deliberate, "Well, I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's any better'''{{'}}n''' any other frog."}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1969|author=Anne Warner|title=Susan Clegg and her friend Mrs. Lathrop|page=87
|passage=She says you may laugh 'f you feel so inclined, but there ain't no such big difference between your leg 'n' a dead rat but what it 'll pay you to mark her words. She says 'f it don't do no more '''{{'}}n''' eat the skin off it 'll still be pretty hard for you to lay there without no skin 'n' feel the plaster goin' in more 'n' more.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2010|author=Arnan Heyden|title=Daughters of Agendale|page=228
|passage=What I can give ya is this bit o' knowledge: there be things in this world that no one can explain. There are things bigger '''{{'}}n''' mountains, bigger 'n oceans, bigger 'n fields an' night skies filled with stars, bigger 'n kings, or queens…}}
 
===Etymology 3===
 
====Conjunction====
{{en-con}}
 
# {{lb|en|archaic}} {{contraction of|en|when}} (As found in {{m|en|if'n}}.)
 
===Etymology 4===
 
====Noun====
# {{nonstandard form of|en|than}}
{{en-noun}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1865|author=Mark Twain|title=The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County|passage=The feller took the box again, and took another long, particular look, and give it back to Smiley, and says, very deliberate, "Well, I don’t see no p’ints about that frog that's any better'''’n''' any other frog."}}
#* '''1969''', Anne Warner, ''Susan Clegg and her friend Mrs. Lathrop'' (page 87)
#*: She says you may laugh ’f you feel so inclined, but there ain’t no such big difference between your leg ’n’ a dead rat but what it ’ll pay you to mark her words. She says ’f it don’t do no more '''’n''' eat the skin off it ’ll still be pretty hard for you to lay there without no skin ’n’ feel the plaster goin’ in more ’n’ more.
#* '''2010''', Arnan Heyden, ''Daughters of Agendale'' (page 228)
#*: What I can give ya is this bit o’ knowledge: there be things in this world that no one can explain. There are things bigger '''’n''' mountains, bigger ’n oceans, bigger ’n fields an’ night skies filled with stars, bigger ’n kings, or queens…
 
# {{lb|en|colloquial}} {{alt form|en|'un||one, a thing}}
[[Category:English clitics]]
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2009|author=Mariella Glenn Hartsfield|title=Tall Betsy and Dunce Baby: South Georgia Folktales|page=104
|passage=The other said, "Alright, I'm gonna do it like this: you take this'''{{'}}n''', I'll take that'''{{'}}n'''; you take this'''{{'}}n''', I'll take that'''{{'}}n'''; {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=2012|author=Liza Cody|title=Musclebound|page=15
|passage=Which really did turn into a headache when I woke up — a bad'''{{'}}n'''.}}
 
{{catlangname|en|clitics}}
----
 
==Afrikaans==
Line 36 ⟶ 55:
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|af|/ə/}}
* {{audio|af|LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-'n.wav}}
 
===Article===
{{head|af|article|indefinite|head=ʼn}}
 
# {{lb|af|indefinite article}} {{l|en|a}}, {{l|en|an}}
Line 44 ⟶ 64:
====Usage notes====
* This word is not capitalized at the beginning of a sentence and the following word is capitalized instead.
 
----
 
==Asturian==
 
===Preposition===
{{head|ast|preposition|head=’n}}
 
# {{lb|ast|obsolete}} {{contraction of|ast|en}}
#: {{ux|ast|Toi viviendo'''’n{{'}}n''' Cangues|I’mI'm living '''in''' Cangues}}
 
====Usage notes====
Line 62 ⟶ 80:
* {{l|ast|'l}}
 
==Bavarian==
----
 
===Etymology 1===
Merged unstressed form of {{l|bar|an}} and {{l|bar|en}} or {{l|bar|den}}.
 
====Article====
{{head|bar|article|g=m}}
 
# [[a]] {{q|accusative}}
# [[the]] {{q|accusative}}
 
=====See also=====
{{bar-decl-articles}}
 
===Etymology 2===
Unstressed form of {{l|bar|eam}}.
 
====Pronoun====
{{head|bar|pronoun|cat2=personal pronouns}}
 
# [[him]]
# [[it]] {{q|dative}}
 
=====See also=====
{{bar-decl-personal_pronouns}}
 
==Catalan==
 
===Pronoun===
{{ca-ppron|head=’n}}
 
# {{contraction of|ca|ne}}
 
====Usage notes====
* {{U:ca:pronouns|form=reduced}}
 
====Declension====
{{ca-decl-ppron}}
 
----
 
==Dutch==
Line 80 ⟶ 123:
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ən/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-'n.ogg|Audio}}
 
===Article===
{{head|nl|article|head=’n}}
 
# {{contraction of|nl|een}}
 
===Notes===
----
If ''{{'}}n'' begins a sentence, the first letter of the following word is capitalised instead.
 
==Franco-Provençal==
 
===Determiner===
{{head|frp|determiner form}}
 
# {{clipping|frp|un}}
 
==German==
Line 96 ⟶ 147:
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|de|/n/|/ən/}}
* {{IPA|de|/m/|qq1=often before a labial|/ŋ/|qq2=often before a velar}}
 
===Etymology 1===
{{contraction of|de|ein}} Like virtually all traditional German dialects, colloquial standard German distinguishes the indefinite article from the numeral for “one”"one". The specific form {{m|de||’n'n}} has spread from the North southward and is thus of chiefly {{der|de|nds|-}} origin. Most [[High German]] dialects use forms without the final ''-n'', such as {{IPAchar|[ə]}} or {{IPAchar|[a]}}, at least for the basic form (i.e. the masculine and neuter nominative). These pronunciations are sometimes heard in colloquial standard German as well, but {{m|de||’n'n}} is clearly the commonest form.
 
====Article====
{{head|de|article|head=’n}}
 
# {{lb|de|colloquial}} {{alternative form of|de|ein||a, an}}
Line 119 ⟶ 171:
 
====Adverb====
{{de-adv|head=’n}}
 
# {{lb|de|colloquial}} short for {{m|de|denn}} (used for general emphasis)
#: {{ux|de|Wann wärst'''’n{{'}}n''' hier?|'''So''', when would you be here?}}
 
==Italian==
----
 
===Etymology 1===
 
====Preposition====
{{head|it|preposition}}
 
# {{lb|it|literary}} {{alternative form of|it|in}}
# {{lb|it|colloquial}} {{pronunciation spelling of|it|in}}
 
===Etymology 2===
 
====Article====
{{head|it|article|g=m}}
 
# {{lb|it|colloquial}} {{pronunciation spelling of|it|un}}
 
====Numeral====
{{head|it|numeral|g=m}}
 
# {{lb|it|colloquial}} {{pronunciation spelling of|it|un}}
 
===Etymology 3===
 
====Adverb====
{{it-adv}}
 
# {{lb|it|colloquial}} {{pronunciation spelling of|it|non}}
 
==Ligurian==
Line 139 ⟶ 218:
 
# [[a]], [[an]] {{q|male}}
 
----
 
==Low German==
 
===Article===
{{head|nds|article|head=’n}}
 
# {{contraction of|nds|den}}
 
===Pronoun===
{{head|nds|pronoun|head=’n}}
 
# {{contraction of|nds|en}}
 
==Sicilian==
----
 
===Etymology===
Apheresis of {{m|scn|in}}, from {{inh|scn|la|in}}.
 
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|scn|/ŋ/}} {{q|when followed by a consonant}}
* {{IPA|scn|/n/}} {{q|when followed by a vowel}}
 
===Preposition===
{{head|scn|preposition}}
 
# [[in]]
 
==Welsh==
Line 164 ⟶ 253:
 
====Particle====
{{head|cy|particle|head=’n}}
 
# {{alternative form of|cy|yn|nodot=yes}} {{qualifier|used after a vowel}}.
#: {{ux|cy|Mae hi'''’n{{'}}n''' darllen.|She is reading.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|cy|Mae hi'''’n{{'}}n''' gysglyd.|She is sleepy.|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|cy|Mae hi'''’n{{'}}n''' ferch.|She is a girl.|inline=1}}
 
===Etymology 2===
Line 175 ⟶ 264:
 
====Determiner====
{{head|cy|determiner|head=’n|cat2=possessive determiners|triggers [[Appendix:Welsh mutations#H-prothesis|h-prothesis]] of a following vowel}}
 
# [[our]] {{qualifier|used after vowels}}.
#: {{ux|cy|Dyna'''{{'}}n''' harian ni.|That's '''our''' money.}}
 
====Pronoun====
{{head|cy|pronoun|cat2=personal pronouns|triggers [[Appendix:Welsh mutations#H-prothesis|h-prothesis]] of a following vowel}}
 
# [[us]] {{qualifier|as the direct object of a verbal noun or verb}}
#: {{ux|cy|Mae e yma i'''{{'}}n''' harfarnu.|He's here to appraise '''us'''.}}
#: {{ux|cy|Fe'''{{'}}n''' magwyd yng ngefn gwlad.|'''We''' were brought up (lit. One brought '''us''' up) in the countryside.}}
 
====Usage notes====
* In formal Welsh, the contraction {{m|cy|'n}} is a valid form of {{m|cy|ein}} found after mostly functional vowel-final words. In colloquial Welsh, {{m|cy|ein}} is often contracted to {{m|cy|'n}} after almost any vowel-final word.
* Pronomial {{m|cy|'n}} (and {{m|cy|ein}}) can occur before any verbal noun. Before verbal, pronomial {{m|cy|'n}} is found only in formal language after certain vowel-final preverbal particles, such as {{m|cy|fe}}, {{m|cy|a}}, {{m|cy|ni}}, {{m|cy|na}}, {{m|cy|oni}} and {{m|cy|pe}}.
 
===Further reading===
----
* {{R:cy:GPC}}
 
==Zealandic==
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%27n"