Template:en-verb/documentation

Use this template to show the inflection line of an English verb.

This template shows the verb in bold (optionally linking its components) and its key inflections.

{{en-verb}}
{{en-verb|...s|...ing|...d }}
{{en-verb|...s|...ing|...d|...d}}
{{en-verb|...s|...ing|...d|past2=...t}}

This template contains the necessary meta-data to allow users who are using accelerated editing to create any grammatical forms semi-automatically.

Basic parameters

For most regular verbs, no parameters are necessary. Examples of such verbs are:

1. open (opens, opening, opened);
2. wish, with present third singular in -es (wishes, wishing, wished);
3. marry, with final -y converted to i before -s and -ed (marries, marrying', married);
4. flip, with the final consonant doubled before -ing and -ed (flips, flipping, flipped);
5. baptize, with final -e dropped before -ing and -ed (baptizes, baptizing, baptized);
6. free, with final -e dropped only before -ed (frees, freeing, freed);
7. tie, with final -ie converted to -y before -ing (ties, tying, tied).

Other examples:

• of type (1) above: lift, pack, enjoy, flow;
• of type (2) above: hiss, buzz, tax, watch;
• of type (3) above: levy, cry, pacify, carry;
• of type (4) above: strum, nag, trek, stop;
• of type (5) above: rake, admire, love, argue;
• of type (6) above: hoe, toe, referee, dye;
• of type (7) above: lie, underlie, untie, vie.

Type (4) verbs above only have the final consonant doubled automatically if they consist of a single syllable. Type (4) verbs with more than one syllable should have the parameter ++ specified. Examples: refer (refers, referring, referred), abet (abets, abetting, abetted), handicap (handicaps, handicapping, handicapped). Specify these verbs as follows:

{{en-verb|++}}

Also use {{en-verb|++}} for verbs ending in -s or -z that double the final consonant in all three forms. Examples: quiz (quizzes, quizzing, quizzed), nonplus (nonplusses, nonplussing, nonplussed).

For verbs that are irregular with respect to the above rules, specify the three forms explicitly (-s form, -ing form, and -ed form, respectively). An example is stomach, where the above rules would produce the incorrect -s form stomaches instead of the correct form stomachs:

{{en-verb|stomachs|stomaching|stomached}}

or equivalently:

{{en-verb|stomachs|+|+}}

Here, + requests that the regularly derived form be used. (Only the form stomachs is irregular; stomaching and stomached are regular.)

Another example is Hail Mary:

{{en-verb|Hail Marys|Hail Marying|Hail Maryed}}

or equivalently:

{{en-verb|Hail Marys|+|Hail Maryed}}

For reference, the exact rules used to generate regular verb forms are as follows:

• For the -s form, use the following rules:
  1. If the verb ends in -s, -z, -x, -ch or -sh, add -es.
  2. If the verb ends in consonant + -y, drop the -y and add -ies.
  3. Otherwise, just add -s.
• For the -ed form, use the following rules:
  1. If the verb ends in -e, add -d.
  2. If the verb ends in consonant + -y, drop the -y and add -ied.
  3. If the verb is of the form C*VC, i.e. any number of consonants + vowel + single consonant (unless the final consonant is -w, -x, -y or -h), double the final consonant and add -ed.
  4. Otherwise, just add -ed.
• For the -ing form, use the following rules:
  1. If the verb ends in -ue, drop the -e and add -ing.
  2. If the verb ends in -ie, drop the -ie and add -ying.
  3. If the verb ends in a vowel + one or more consonants + -e, drop the -e and add -ing.
  4. If the verb is of the form C*VC, i.e. any number of consonants + vowel + single consonant (unless the final consonant is -w, -x, -y or -h), double the final consonant and add -ing.
  5. Otherwise, just add -ing.

Irregular verbs

For irregular (strong) verbs, specify the key forms (third-person present singular, the present participle, the simple past tense, and optionally the past participle):

{{en-verb|sets|setting|set}}

{{en-verb|does|doing|did|done}}

Some irregular verbs are defective or have multiple forms for some inflections. Show missing or additional forms or notes for any inflection:

{{en-verb|head=-|can|-|could|-}}

{{en-verb|works|working|worked|past2=wrought|past2_qual=obsolete}}

{{en-verb|ills|illing|pres_ptc2=illin'|illed}}

Other example, for blend:

{{en-verb|blends|blending|blended|past2=blent|past2_qual=poetic}}

---

The parameters are as follows; there are no parameters for second person verb variations (as seen in archaic forms of have, do, and be):

|1=, |pres_3sg2=, |pres_3sg3=, ...

third-person present singular form(s)

|pres_3sg_qual=, |pres_3sg2_qual=, |pres_3sg3_qual=, ...

corresponding third-person present singular form qualifiers

|2=, |pres_ptc2=, |pres_ptc3=, ...

present participle form(s)

|pres_ptc_qual=, |pres_ptc2_qual=, |pres_ptc3_qual=, ...

corresponding present participle form qualifiers

|3=, |past2=, |past3=, ...

simple past tense form(s)

|past_qual=, |past2_qual=, |past3_qual=, ...

corresponding simple past tense form qualifiers

|4=, |past_ptc2=, |past_ptc3=, ...

past participle form(s), if different from the past tense

|past_ptc_qual=, |past_ptc2_qual=, |past_ptc3_qual=, ...

corresponding past participle form qualifiers

NOTE: Only specify past participle forms if different from the past tense. If no past participle forms are given, or all forms given are the same as the past tense forms, only the past tense forms are displayed, identified as simple past and past participle; otherwise, the simple past forms and past participle forms are displayed separately.

Tests

{{en-verb|fuels|fueling|pres_ptc2=fuelling|fueled|past2=fuelled}}

produces

fuel (third-person singular simple present fuels, present participle fueling or fuelling, simple past and past participle fueled or fuelled)

See also

• Wiktionary:Phrasal verbs