tre

See also: Tre, tre-, tré, trè, trẻ, trę, trẹ, tré-, tře, trê, trễ, and trể

English

Noun

tre (plural tres)

1. Obsolete form of tree.
   • 1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Jeremy [Jeremiah] x:[3–4], folio xxviii, verso, column 1:

     They hewe downe a tre in the wod with the hondes of the woꝛke man, and faſhion it with the axe: they couer it ouer with golde oꝛ ſyluer, they faſten it w^t nales and hammers, that it moue not.

See also

• tre corde

Albanian

Albanian cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tre     Ordinal : tretë

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *treje, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognate to Latin trēs (“three”) and Sanskrit त्रि (tri, “three”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾɛ/

Numeral

tre

1. three

Related terms

• tri

Breton

Adverb

tre

1. very

   Mat-tre!

   Very good!

Cornish

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *treβ, from Proto-Celtic *trebā, from Proto-Indo-European *treb-. Cognate with Welsh tref

Noun

tre f (plural trevow)

1. home, homestead
2. town, village

Adverb

tre

1. at home
2. back, homewards

Mutation

  Mutation of tre  

Cornish consonant mutation
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
tre	dre	thre	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

Danish

Danish cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tre     Ordinal : tredje

Etymology

From Old Norse þrír, from Proto-Norse ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ f pl (þrijoʀ), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes (“three”).

The modern Danish form is a merger of the original East Old Norse accusative masculine þrēa (West þrjá) and the nominative/accusative feminine þrēaʀ (West þrjár).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtˢʁ̥ɛˀ]

Numeral

tre

1. three

Further reading

• “tre” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “tre” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from French très.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tre]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: tre

Adverb

tre

1. very

Descendants

• → Ido: tre

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto tre, French très.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tre/

Adverb

tre

1. very

Italian

Italian numbers ^(edit)

	30
←  2	3	4  →
Cardinal: tre     Ordinal: terzo     Ordinal abbreviation: 3º     Adverbial: tre volte     Multiplier: triplo, triplice     Collective: tutti e tre     Fractional: terzo
Italian Wikipedia article on 3

Etymology

From Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtre/^*

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: tré

Numeral

tre (invariable)

1. three

Noun

tre m (invariable)

1. three

Related terms

• tre Marie
• tre per due
• tre unità
• trecentesco
• trecento, Trecento
• tredicenne
• tredicesima
• tredici
• tremila
• trenta
• tri-
• trivio

 

See also

Playing cards in Italian · carte da gioco (layout · text)
asso	due	tre	quattro	cinque	sei	sette
otto	nove	dieci	fante	donna, regina	re	jolly, joker, matta

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit त्रयः (trayaḥ), from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Numeral

tre

1. three; 3

Lombard

Etymology

From Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɾe]

Numeral

tre (masculine ordinal terzo, feminine ordinal terza)

1. (Old Lombard) three
   • 1274, Bonvesin de la Riva, Libro de Tre Scrigiure:

     In questo nostro libro da tre guis è scrigiura:

     In this book we deal with three types of writing:

Descendants

• Lombard: trè, trii

Middle English

Alternative forms

• tree, treo, trew, trewe, treou, trow, trowe

Etymology

From Old English trēow, from Proto-West Germanic *treu, in turn from Proto-Germanic *trewą. Ultimately descended from Proto-Indo-European *dóru.

Pronunciation

• (Early Middle English) IPA^(key): /trøː/
• IPA^(key): /treː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Noun

tre (plural tres or treen)

1. a tree or a plant that resembles one
2. wood; timber
   • c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volumes (please specify |volume=I, II, III, or IV), Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, II. Timothy II:20:

     In a great house ben not only vessels of gold and of silver but also of tree and of earth.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• appeltre
• axiltre
• extre
• figge tre
• hawe tre
• peretre
• plumtre
• thornetre
• treen
• vyne-tre

Descendants

• English: tree
• Scots: tree
• Yola: tren (plural)

References

• “trẹ̄, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Middle Irish

Alternative forms

• tré, tri, trí

Etymology

From Old Irish tre, from Proto-Celtic *trē (compare Welsh trwy), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”); compare Sanskrit तिरस् (tiras), Latin trāns and Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 (þairh).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tʲrʲe/

Preposition

tre (with the accusative; triggers lenition)

1. through
   • c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 1, line 11:

     Secht ndoruis isin bruidin ocus secht sligeda trethe ocus secht tellaige indi ocus secht cori.

     [There were] seven doors in the hall, and seven passages through it, and seven hearths in it, and seven cauldrons.

Inflection

• Second person singular: triut, tréot
• Third person singular feminine: trethe, trithe

Forms combined with a definite article:

• tríasin (“through the m sg or f sg”)

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

• tret, tríat (“through your sg”)

Descendants

• Irish: trí, tré, tré- (combining), fríd (Ulster), thrí (Galway), ⇒ fríd
• Scottish Gaelic: tre
• ⇒ Manx: trooid

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tre”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Neapolitan

Alternative forms

• tréje

Etymology

Inherited from Latin trēs. Compare Italian tre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtre/

Numeral

tre

1. three

References

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 285: “tre; quattro” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Bokmål cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tre     Ordinal : tredje

Etymology 1

From Old Norse þrír, from Proto-Norse ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ) (feminine plural), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Compare Danish and Swedish tre, Icelandic þrír, Faroese tríggir.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /tɾeː/

Numeral

tre

1. three

Derived terms

• tredel
• tredeling
• tredimensjonal
• trefase
• trehjuls
• trekant
• tremenning
• treveis
• treåring

 

Related terms

• tredje

Etymology 2

From Old Norse tré (“tree; beam”), from Proto-Germanic *trewą (“tree”), from pre-Germanic *dréwom, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”), possibly from *drew- (“hard, firm, strong, solid”).

The plurals trær and trærne are derived from Danish træ.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /tɾeː/

Noun

tre n (definite singular treet, indefinite plural tre or trær, definite plural trea or trærne)

1. tree
2. wood

   Dette bordet er lagd av tre.

   This table is made of wood.

Derived terms

• almetre
• balltre
• bartre
• eiketre
• epletre
• frukttre
• juletre
• kakaotre
• kirsebærtre
• lønnetre
• løvtre
• nedfallstre
• oliventre
• palmetre
• penger vokser ikke på trær
• stamtre
• trearbeid
• treblåseinstrument
• treblåser
• treboks
• trebåt
• tregrense
• trehest
• trehus
• trekors
• trekrone
• trekull
• treløs
• tremasse
• treskjærer
• tresko
• tresleiv
• tresnitt
• trestamme
• trestykke
• treverk

 

Etymology 3

From Middle Low German treden.

Verb

tre (imperative tre, present tense trer, passive tres, simple past trådte, past participle trådt, present participle tredende)

1. to step (in, out etc.), to tread

   (military) Tre av! - Dismissed!

   (legislation etc.) tre i kraft - come into effect, come into force

Derived terms

• framtre, fremtre
• fratre
• opptre
• overtre

Etymology 4

From tråd.

Alternative forms

• træ

Verb

tre (imperative tre, present tense trer, passive tres, simple past tredde, past participle tredd)

1. to thread

   tre en nål ― thread a needle

References

• “tre” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Norwegian Nynorsk cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tre     Ordinal : tredje

Alternative forms

• tri (three, dialectal, also Høgnorsk)
• trí, trjå, trjú (three, dialectal, gender-depending)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /treː/, [tʁeː], [treː], [tɾeː]

• Audio:

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse þrír probably through Danish tre, from Proto-Norse ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ) (feminine plural), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Compare Danish and Swedish tre, Icelandic þrír, Faroese tríggir, English three.

Numeral

tre

1. three

Derived terms

• trear
• tredel
• tredeling
• tredimensjonal
• trefase
• trehjuls
• trekant
• tremenning
• treåring

 

Etymology 2

From Old Norse tré, from Proto-Germanic *trewą, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Akin to English tree.

Noun

tre n (definite singular treet, indefinite plural tre, definite plural trea)

1. tree

   Trea i skogen var gamle.

   The trees in the forest were old.

2. wood

Derived terms

• almetre
• balltre
• bartre
• eiketre
• epletre
• frukttre
• joletre
• juletre
• kakaotre
• kirsebærtre
• lønnetre
• nedfallstre
• oliventre
• palmetre
• stamtre
• trearbeid
• treblåseinstrument
• treboks
• trebåt
• tregrense
• trehest
• trehus
• trekors, trekross
• trekrone
• tremasse
• treskjerar
• tresko
• tresleiv
• tresnitt
• trestamme
• trestykke
• treverk

 

Etymology 3

From earlier treda, from Middle Low German treden, from Proto-Germanic *trudaną. Doublet of trø and trå. Akin to English tread.

Verb

tre (present tense trer, past tense tredde, supine tredd or trett, past participle tredd, present participle treande, imperative tre)

1. (intransitive) to tread, step
   • 1878 June 19, “Peter Schlemihl”, in Fedraheimen, page 135:

     han skynade mi Meining og trod tvo Stig attende.

     He got the memo, and took two steps back.

Conjugation

This verb is inflected as a short-formed weak e-verb, according to current standardization. The short form was introduced in 1959, and the weak past tense tredde was introduced in 1991, two developments made final by the reform of 2012. There is an outline of the development within the table below. The history is also intertwined with its semantically overlapping doublet, trå, as their inflections have been suppletive of each other.

Historical inflection of tre, treda and trede infinitive present tense past tense supine Aasen sg. treda tred trod tradet pl. treda trodo 1901 treda tred trod trade 1917 treda [trede] tred [treder] trod trode 1938 treda [trede] tred [treder] trod tradi 1959 tre, treda, trede trer, tred [treder] tro, trod trådd 1985 tre, treda, trede trer, tred [treder] tro, trod, trådde trede, tredi, trådd, trådt 1991 tre, treda, trede trer, tred, treder tredde, tro, trod tredd, tredt, trede, tredi 2012 (current) tre trer tredde tredd, trett

Alternative forms

• treda, trede (long forms) (non-standard since 2012)

Derived terms

• opptre
• tre av
• tre fram
• tre i kraft

Related terms

• trå (Etymology 3)

Etymology 4

Verb

tre (present tense trer, past tense tredde, past participle tredd, imperative tre)

1. Misspelling of træ.

References

• “tre” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ert, ret, ter

Old Irish

Preposition

tre

1. Alternative form of tri

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
tre	thre	tre pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Piedmontese

Piedmontese cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tre

Etymology

From Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs. Cognates include Italian tre and French trois.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /trɛ/

Numeral

tre

1. three

Romanian

Verb

tre

1. (nonstandard) alternative typography of tre’

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish tri (“through”), from Proto-Celtic *trē (compare Welsh trwy), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂- (“to pass through”).

Preposition

tre (+ dative, triggers lenition)

1. through, by means of

Swedish

Swedish numbers ^(edit)

	30
←  2	3	4  →
Cardinal: tre     Ordinal: tredje     Ordinal abbreviation: 3:e     Multiplier: trefaldig     Collective: trio     Fractional: tredjedel

Etymology

From Old Swedish þrir, þrī, from Runic Swedish þrīR, from Old Norse þrír, from Proto-Norse ᚦᚱᛁᛃᛟᛉ (þrijoʀ) (feminine plural), from Proto-Germanic *þrīz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Compare Norwegian and Danish tre, Icelandic þrír, Faroese tríggir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /treː/
• Rhymes: -eː

• Audio:

  (file)

Numeral

tre

1. three

Synonyms

• trenne (archaic)

Coordinate terms

Cardinal numbers from 0 to 99

	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9
0—	noll	en/ett	två	tre	fyra	fem	sex	sju	åtta	nio
1—	tio	elva	tolv	tretton	fjorton	femton	sexton	sjutton	arton/aderton	nitton
2—	tjugo	tjugoen/-ett	tjugotvå	tjugotre	tjugofyra	tjugofem	tjugosex	tjugosju	tjugoåtta	tjugonio
3—	trettio	trettioen/-ett	trettiotvå	trettiotre	trettiofyra	trettiofem	trettiosex	trettiosju	trettioåtta	trettionio
4—	fyrtio	fyrtioen/-ett	fyrtiotvå	fyrtiotre	fyrtiofyra	fyrtiofem	fyrtiosex	fyrtiosju	fyrtioåtta	fyrtionio
5—	femtio	femtioen/-ett	femtiotvå	femtiotre	femtiofyra	femtiofem	femtiosex	femtiosju	femtioåtta	femtionio
6—	sextio	sextioen/-ett	sextiotvå	sextiotre	sextiofyra	sextiofem	sextiosex	sextiosju	sextioåtta	sextionio
7—	sjuttio	sjuttioen/-ett	sjuttiotvå	sjuttiotre	sjuttiofyra	sjuttiofem	sjuttiosex	sjuttiosju	sjuttioåtta	sjuttionio
8—	åttio	åttioen/-ett	åttiotvå	åttiotre	åttiofyra	åttiofem	åttiosex	åttiosju	åttioåtta	åttionio
9—	nittio	nittioen/-ett	nittiotvå	nittiotre	nittiofyra	nittiofem	nittiosex	nittiosju	nittioåtta	nittionio

Cardinal numbers from 100 onward

• 100: hundra
• 10³: tusen
• 10⁴: tiotusen (myriad)
• 10⁶: miljon
• 10⁹: miljard
• 10¹²: biljon
• 10¹⁵: biljard
• 10¹⁸: triljon
• 10²¹: triljard
• 10²⁴: kvadriljon
• 10²⁷: kvadriljard
• 10³⁰: kvintiljon
• 10³³: kvintiljard
• 10³⁶: sextiljon
• 10³⁹: sextiljard
• 10⁴²: septiljon
• 10⁴⁵: septiljard
• 10⁴⁸: oktiljon
• 10⁵¹: oktiljard
• 10⁵⁴: noniljon
• 10⁵⁷: noniljard
• 10⁶⁰: deciljon
• 10⁶³: deciljard
• 10⁶⁶: undeciljon
• 10⁶⁹: undeciljard
• 10⁷²: duodeciljon
• 10⁷⁵: duodeciljard
• 10⁷⁸: tredeciljon
• 10⁸¹: tredeciljard
• 10⁸⁴: quattuordeciljon
• 10⁸⁷: quattuordeciljard

…

• 10¹⁰⁰: googol

…

• 10¹²⁰: vigintiljon
• 10¹²³: vigintiljard

…

Derived terms

• tredagarsfeber
• tredimensionell
• tredubbel
• treenig
• treenighet
• trefaldig
• trefalt
• trefas
• trefot
• treglasfönster
• trehjuling
• trekant
• treklöver
• trekropparsproblemet
• trekvart
• trerading
• trerummare
• tresiffrig
• treskift
• treskifte
• trespann
• trestavig
• tresteg
• trestegshopp
• trestjärnig
• trestruken
• tretakt
• tretal
• tretungad
• tretår
• treudd
• treårig

 

Related terms

• trea
• tredje

See also

• noll, ett, två, tre, fyra, fem, sex, sju, åtta, nio, tio, elva, tolv

References

• tre in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• tre in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• tre in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• ert, ter

Tocharian A

Previous:	we, wu
Next:	śtwar

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *treyä, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognate with Tocharian B trey, trai.

Numeral

tre

1. three

References

• Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “trai”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 339-340

Umbrian

Romanization

tre

1. Romanization of 𐌕𐌓𐌄

Venetian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin trēs. Compare Italian tre.

Numeral

tre

1. three

Synonyms

• tri

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

• (certain coastal Northern dialects, endangered) te (dialects with /ʈ/-/t/ merger)

Etymology

From Middle Vietnamese tle, from Proto-Vietic *k-lɛː. Compare also Proto-Katuic *ʔalɛɛ (“type of bamboo”) (whence Pacoh ale (“small bamboo used for spears”)).

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɛ˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʈɛ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʈɛ˧˧]

Noun

(classifier cây) tre • (𥯌, 椥)

1. bamboo

Derived terms

• tre đại
• tre là ngà
• tre mỡ

 

See also

• trúc; nứa

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /treː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Noun

tre f (plural trefi)

1. Alternative form of tref

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
tre	dre	nhre	thre
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.