ya-
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ya"
Northern Ohlone
Etymology
Compare Southern Ohlone haysa.
Pronoun
ya-
- they(third-person, plural, subject proclitic pronoun)
Pronoun
ya-
- their (third-person, plural, possessive pronoun)
See also
Northern Ohlone personal pronouns
Number | Person | Subject | Object | Possesive | ||||
Disjunctive1 | Proclitic |
Enclitic | Disjunctive1 | Proclitic | Enclitic | |||
Singular | First | kaana | ek- | -ek, -k | kiš, kaaniš | kiš- | -kiš | ek-, kaanak |
Second | meene | em-, im- | -em, -im, -m | miš | emiš-, imiš-, miš- | -miš | em-, meenem | |
Third | waaka | Ø-2 | -Ø2 | wiš | Ø-2, eš- | -Ø2, -eš | i-, waakai- | |
Plural | First | makkin | mak- | -mak | makkiš, makkinše | — | — | mak-, makkinmak |
Second | makkam | kam- | -kam | makkamše | — | — | kam-, makkam | |
Third | waakamak | ya- | -ya | yaṭiš | — | — | ya-, waakamak | |
1Disjunctive is mostly used in copular sentences or for emphasis, either alone (eg. kaana) or with a clitic (eg. kaana-k ...-ek). 2Null morpheme. An unmarked verb implies a third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives waaka and wiš may also be used. Note: Proclitic and enclitic forms can combine an undergo syncope, eg. ellešk (“let me do to him/her/it”) = elle + -eš + -ek |
References
María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s) Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)[1], Unpublished
Northern Ndebele
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 4 possessive concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 9 possessive concord.
Southern Ndebele
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 4 possessive concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 9 possessive concord.
Swahili
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gá-.
Prefix
ya-
- it, they; ma class(VI) subject concord
- verb-initial form of -ya- (“them, ma class(VI) object concord”)
See also
Swahili verbal concords (third person)
Class | Subject concord | Object concord | Relative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
affirmative | negative | |||
m(I) | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
wa(II) | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
m(III) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
mi(IV) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
ji(V) | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
ma(VI) | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
ki(VII) | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
vi(VIII) | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
n(IX) | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
n(X) | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
u(XI) | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
ku(XV/XVII) | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
pa(XVI) | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
mu(XVIII) | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Etymology 2
Prefix
ya-
- Contraction of i- + -a- (“mi class(IV) and n class(IX) gnomic”).
- Contraction of ya- + -a- (“ma class(VI) gnomic”).
Swazi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 4 possessive concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 9 possessive concord.
Xhosa
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 4 possessive concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 9 possessive concord.
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *gíá-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 4 possessive concord.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jɪ̀á-.
Prefix
ya-
- of; class 9 possessive concord.
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ya-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ya-”
Categories:
- Northern Ohlone lemmas
- Northern Ohlone pronouns
- Northern Ohlone compound terms
- Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele prefixes
- Northern Ndebele possessive concords
- Southern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Southern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Southern Ndebele lemmas
- Southern Ndebele prefixes
- Southern Ndebele possessive concords
- Swahili terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili prefixes
- Swahili contractions
- Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi prefixes
- Swazi possessive concords
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa prefixes
- Xhosa possessive concords
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu prefixes
- Zulu possessive concords