درود

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian drwd (drōd, “well-being, health, welfare”), from Old Persian *druwatā-, from 𐎯𐎢𐎽𐎢𐎺 (du-u-ru-u-v /⁠duruva-⁠/, “secure, healthy”), from Proto-Iranian *druwáh. Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬙𐬁𐬝 (druuatāt̰, “health”) (from 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀- (druua-)) and Sanskrit ध्रुव (dhruvá, “fixed, immovable; firm”). Related to Old Armenian դրուատ (druat).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [da.ɾoːð], [da.ɾuːð], [du.ɾuːð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾud̪̥], [d̪u.ɾud̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥], [d̪o.ɹuːd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾɵd̪], [d̪ä.ɾud̪], [d̪u.ɾud̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	darōḏ, darūḏ, durūḏ
Dari reading?	darūd, durūd
Iranian reading?	darud, dorud
Tajik reading?	darüd, darud, durud

Interjection

درود • (dorud)

1. hello; hi; hail

Noun

درود • (dorud)

1. greeting, salutation

   سلام و درود از خراسان ― salâm o dorud az xorasân ― hello and greetings from Khorasan (Formal Khorasani Persian)

2. health; well-being; welfare

Descendants

• → Urdu: دُرُود (durūd)
  • → Bengali: দরূদ (dorud)
  • → English: durood
  • → Hindi: दुरूद (durūd)
  • → Punjabi: دَرُود (darūd)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dā́ru, from Proto-Indo-European *dóru. Also see دار (dâr), درخت (deraxt). Aghwan 𐔳𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐔳 (durud) is an Iranian borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [da.ɾuːð], [du.ɾuːð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾuːd̪], [d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾud̪̥], [d̪u.ɾud̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪æ.ɹuːd̪̥], [d̪o.ɹuːd̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d̪ä.ɾud̪], [d̪u.ɾud̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	darūḏ, durūḏ
Dari reading?	darūd, durūd
Iranian reading?	darud, dorud
Tajik reading?	darud, durud

Noun

درود • (dorud)

1. (uncommon) timber
2. (uncommon or Iran) plank

Derived terms

• درگر (dorgar, “carpenter”)

See also

• نجار (najâr, “carpenter”)

Urdu

Etymology

First attested in c. 1564 as Middle Hindi درود (/⁠drūd⁠/), borrowed from Classical Persian درود (durūd), from Middle Persian drwd (drōd).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊ.ɾuːd̪/
• (colloquial, Punjabic Urdu) IPA^(key): [d̪ə.ɾuːd̪]
• Rhymes: -uːd̪
• Hyphenation: دُ‧رُود

Noun

دُرُود • (durūd) m (Hindi spelling दुरूद)

1. (Islam) Salawat (durood – the uttering of specific phrases to bless the prophet Muhammad whenever he is mentioned or encountered in a text)

   Synonym: سَلام (salām)

2. (by extension) Ellipsis of دُرُود شَرِیف (durūd śarīf).
3. (literally) praise, salutation

Derived terms

Derived terms

• دُرُود و سَلام (durūd-o-salām, “benedictions and blessings on Prophet Muhammad”)
• فاتِحَہ دُرُود (fātiha^h-durūd, “assembly convened to offer prayers for the dead”)
• دَم دُرُود (dam-durūd, “blowing incantations or prayers, courage, guts, power to stand up to”)

Descendants

• → Bengali: দরূদ (dorud)
• → English: durood
• → Hindi: दुरूद (durūd)
• → Punjabi: دَرُود (darūd)

Further reading

• “درود”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “درود”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “درود”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “درود”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “درود”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “درود”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC