هم
Arabic
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editهُمْ • (hum) m pl (enclitic form ـهُم or ـهِم)
- they (masculine plural subject pronoun)
See also
editArabic personal pronouns | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Isolated nominative pronouns | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person | أَنَا (ʔanā) | نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | ||
2nd person | m | أَنْتَ (ʔanta) | أَنْتُمَا (ʔantumā) | أَنْتُمْ (ʔantum) |
f | أَنْتِ (ʔanti) | أَنْتُنَّ (ʔantunna) | ||
3rd person | m | هُوَ (huwa) | هُمَا (humā) | هُمْ (hum), هُمُ (humu)1 |
f | هِيَ (hiya) | هُنَّ (hunna) | ||
Isolated accusative pronouns | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person | إِيَّايَ (ʔiyyāya) | إِيَّانَا (ʔiyyānā) | ||
2nd person | m | إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka) | إِيَّاكُمَا (ʔiyyākumā) | إِيَّاكُم (ʔiyyākum) |
f | إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki) | إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʔiyyākunna) | ||
3rd person | m | إِيَّاهُ (ʔiyyāhu) | إِيَّاهُمَا (ʔiyyāhumā) | إِيَّاهُمْ (ʔiyyāhum) |
f | إِيَّاهَا (ʔiyyāhā) | إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʔiyyāhunna) | ||
Enclitic accusative and genitive pronouns | ||||
singular | dual | plural | ||
1st person | ـنِي (-nī), ـنِيَ (-niya), ـي (-y), ـيَ (-ya)2 | ـنَا (-nā) | ||
2nd person | m | ـكَ (-ka) | ـكُمَا (-kumā) | ـكُم (-kum) |
f | ـكِ (-ki) | ـكُنَّ (-kunna) | ||
3rd person | m | ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)3 | ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)3 | ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)3 |
f | ـهَا (-hā) | ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)3 | ||
1. هُمْ (hum) becomes هُمُ (humu) before the definite article الـ (al--). 2. Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, “me”) is attached to verbs, but ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya, “my”) is attached to nouns. In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـِي (-ī) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)). 3. ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw). |
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editـهُمْ or ـهِمْ • (-hum or -him) m pl (enclitic form of هُم (hum))
Etymology 3
editRoot |
---|
ه م م (h m m) |
11 terms |
Pronunciation
editVerb
editهَمَّ • (hamma) I (non-past يَهُمُّ (yahummu), verbal noun هَمّ (hamm) or مَهَمَّة (mahamma))
- to disquiet, to make uneasy, to distress
- to grieve
- to preoccupy, to concern, to affect
- to be of interest
- to plan, to be about to, to start doing, to become determined [with بِ (bi)]
- هَمُّوا بِٱلْفِرَارِ
- hammū bi-l-firāri
- They started running away.
Conjugation
editverbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
هَمّ, مَهَمَّة hamm, mahamma | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
هَامّ hāmm | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَهْمُوم mahmūm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | هَمَمْتُ hamamtu |
هَمَمْتَ hamamta |
هَمَّ hamma |
هَمَمْتُمَا hamamtumā |
هَمَّا hammā |
هَمَمْنَا hamamnā |
هَمَمْتُمْ hamamtum |
هَمُّوا hammū | |||
f | هَمَمْتِ hamamti |
هَمَّتْ hammat |
هَمَّتَا hammatā |
هَمَمْتُنَّ hamamtunna |
هَمَمْنَ hamamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَهُمُّ ʔahummu |
تَهُمُّ tahummu |
يَهُمُّ yahummu |
تَهُمَّانِ tahummāni |
يَهُمَّانِ yahummāni |
نَهُمُّ nahummu |
تَهُمُّونَ tahummūna |
يَهُمُّونَ yahummūna | |||
f | تَهُمِّينَ tahummīna |
تَهُمُّ tahummu |
تَهُمَّانِ tahummāni |
تَهْمُمْنَ tahmumna |
يَهْمُمْنَ yahmumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَهُمَّ ʔahumma |
تَهُمَّ tahumma |
يَهُمَّ yahumma |
تَهُمَّا tahummā |
يَهُمَّا yahummā |
نَهُمَّ nahumma |
تَهُمُّوا tahummū |
يَهُمُّوا yahummū | |||
f | تَهُمِّي tahummī |
تَهُمَّ tahumma |
تَهُمَّا tahummā |
تَهْمُمْنَ tahmumna |
يَهْمُمْنَ yahmumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَهُمَّ, أَهُمِّ, أَهْمُمْ ʔahumma, ʔahummi, ʔahmum |
تَهُمَّ, تَهُمِّ, تَهْمُمْ tahumma, tahummi, tahmum |
يَهُمَّ, يَهُمِّ, يَهْمُمْ yahumma, yahummi, yahmum |
تَهُمَّا tahummā |
يَهُمَّا yahummā |
نَهُمَّ, نَهُمِّ, نَهْمُمْ nahumma, nahummi, nahmum |
تَهُمُّوا tahummū |
يَهُمُّوا yahummū | |||
f | تَهُمِّي tahummī |
تَهُمَّ, تَهُمِّ, تَهْمُمْ tahumma, tahummi, tahmum |
تَهُمَّا tahummā |
تَهْمُمْنَ tahmumna |
يَهْمُمْنَ yahmumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | هُمَّ, هُمِّ, اُهْمُمْ humma, hummi, uhmum |
هُمَّا hummā |
هُمُّوا hummū |
||||||||
f | هُمِّي hummī |
اُهْمُمْنَ uhmumna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | هُمِمْتُ humimtu |
هُمِمْتَ humimta |
هُمَّ humma |
هُمِمْتُمَا humimtumā |
هُمَّا hummā |
هُمِمْنَا humimnā |
هُمِمْتُمْ humimtum |
هُمُّوا hummū | |||
f | هُمِمْتِ humimti |
هُمَّتْ hummat |
هُمَّتَا hummatā |
هُمِمْتُنَّ humimtunna |
هُمِمْنَ humimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُهَمُّ ʔuhammu |
تُهَمُّ tuhammu |
يُهَمُّ yuhammu |
تُهَمَّانِ tuhammāni |
يُهَمَّانِ yuhammāni |
نُهَمُّ nuhammu |
تُهَمُّونَ tuhammūna |
يُهَمُّونَ yuhammūna | |||
f | تُهَمِّينَ tuhammīna |
تُهَمُّ tuhammu |
تُهَمَّانِ tuhammāni |
تُهْمَمْنَ tuhmamna |
يُهْمَمْنَ yuhmamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُهَمَّ ʔuhamma |
تُهَمَّ tuhamma |
يُهَمَّ yuhamma |
تُهَمَّا tuhammā |
يُهَمَّا yuhammā |
نُهَمَّ nuhamma |
تُهَمُّوا tuhammū |
يُهَمُّوا yuhammū | |||
f | تُهَمِّي tuhammī |
تُهَمَّ tuhamma |
تُهَمَّا tuhammā |
تُهْمَمْنَ tuhmamna |
يُهْمَمْنَ yuhmamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُهَمَّ, أُهَمِّ, أُهْمَمْ ʔuhamma, ʔuhammi, ʔuhmam |
تُهَمَّ, تُهَمِّ, تُهْمَمْ tuhamma, tuhammi, tuhmam |
يُهَمَّ, يُهَمِّ, يُهْمَمْ yuhamma, yuhammi, yuhmam |
تُهَمَّا tuhammā |
يُهَمَّا yuhammā |
نُهَمَّ, نُهَمِّ, نُهْمَمْ nuhamma, nuhammi, nuhmam |
تُهَمُّوا tuhammū |
يُهَمُّوا yuhammū | |||
f | تُهَمِّي tuhammī |
تُهَمَّ, تُهَمِّ, تُهْمَمْ tuhamma, tuhammi, tuhmam |
تُهَمَّا tuhammā |
تُهْمَمْنَ tuhmamna |
يُهْمَمْنَ yuhmamna |
Etymology 4
editRoot |
---|
ه م م (h m m) |
11 terms |
Pronunciation
editNoun
editهَمّ • (hamm) m (plural هُمُوم (humūm))
- verbal noun of هَمَّ (hamma) (form I)
- anxiety, concern, worry, care
- sorrow, grief, affliction, distress
- weight, moment, importance
Declension
editSingular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هَمّ hamm |
الْهَمّ al-hamm |
هَمّ hamm |
Nominative | هَمٌّ hammun |
الْهَمُّ al-hammu |
هَمُّ hammu |
Accusative | هَمًّا hamman |
الْهَمَّ al-hamma |
هَمَّ hamma |
Genitive | هَمٍّ hammin |
الْهَمِّ al-hammi |
هَمِّ hammi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | هَمَّيْن hammayn |
الْهَمَّيْن al-hammayn |
هَمَّيْ hammay |
Nominative | هَمَّانِ hammāni |
الْهَمَّانِ al-hammāni |
هَمَّا hammā |
Accusative | هَمَّيْنِ hammayni |
الْهَمَّيْنِ al-hammayni |
هَمَّيْ hammay |
Genitive | هَمَّيْنِ hammayni |
الْهَمَّيْنِ al-hammayni |
هَمَّيْ hammay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هُمُوم humūm |
الْهُمُوم al-humūm |
هُمُوم humūm |
Nominative | هُمُومٌ humūmun |
الْهُمُومُ al-humūmu |
هُمُومُ humūmu |
Accusative | هُمُومًا humūman |
الْهُمُومَ al-humūma |
هُمُومَ humūma |
Genitive | هُمُومٍ humūmin |
الْهُمُومِ al-humūmi |
هُمُومِ humūmi |
Etymology 5
editRoot |
---|
ه م م (h m m) |
11 terms |
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editهِمّ • (himm) (feminine هِمَّة (himma), masculine plural أَهْمَام (ʔahmām), feminine plural هَمَائِم (hamāʔim) or هِمَّات (himmāt))
Declension
editSingular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | هِمّ himm |
الْهِمّ al-himm |
هِمَّة himma |
الْهِمَّة al-himma |
Nominative | هِمٌّ himmun |
الْهِمُّ al-himmu |
هِمَّةٌ himmatun |
الْهِمَّةُ al-himmatu |
Accusative | هِمًّا himman |
الْهِمَّ al-himma |
هِمَّةً himmatan |
الْهِمَّةَ al-himmata |
Genitive | هِمٍّ himmin |
الْهِمِّ al-himmi |
هِمَّةٍ himmatin |
الْهِمَّةِ al-himmati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | هِمَّيْن himmayn |
الْهِمَّيْن al-himmayn |
هِمَّتَيْن himmatayn |
الْهِمَّتَيْن al-himmatayn |
Nominative | هِمَّانِ himmāni |
الْهِمَّانِ al-himmāni |
هِمَّتَانِ himmatāni |
الْهِمَّتَانِ al-himmatāni |
Accusative | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
Genitive | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural diptote; sound feminine plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | أَهْمَام ʔahmām |
الْأَهْمَام al-ʔahmām |
هَمَائِم; هِمَّات hamāʔim; himmāt |
الْهَمَائِم; الْهِمَّات al-hamāʔim; al-himmāt |
Nominative | أَهْمَامٌ ʔahmāmun |
الْأَهْمَامُ al-ʔahmāmu |
هَمَائِمُ; هِمَّاتٌ hamāʔimu; himmātun |
الْهَمَائِمُ; الْهِمَّاتُ al-hamāʔimu; al-himmātu |
Accusative | أَهْمَامًا ʔahmāman |
الْأَهْمَامَ al-ʔahmāma |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʔima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمَ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʔima; al-himmāti |
Genitive | أَهْمَامٍ ʔahmāmin |
الْأَهْمَامِ al-ʔahmāmi |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʔima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمِ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʔimi; al-himmāti |
References
edit- Wehr, Hans (1979) “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Noun
editهِمّ • (himm) m (plural أَهْمَام (ʔahmām), feminine هِمَّة (himma))
Declension
editSingular | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | singular triptote in ـَة (-a) | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هِمّ himm |
الْهِمّ al-himm |
هِمّ himm |
هِمَّة himma |
الْهِمَّة al-himma |
هِمَّة himmat |
Nominative | هِمٌّ himmun |
الْهِمُّ al-himmu |
هِمُّ himmu |
هِمَّةٌ himmatun |
الْهِمَّةُ al-himmatu |
هِمَّةُ himmatu |
Accusative | هِمًّا himman |
الْهِمَّ al-himma |
هِمَّ himma |
هِمَّةً himmatan |
الْهِمَّةَ al-himmata |
هِمَّةَ himmata |
Genitive | هِمٍّ himmin |
الْهِمِّ al-himmi |
هِمِّ himmi |
هِمَّةٍ himmatin |
الْهِمَّةِ al-himmati |
هِمَّةِ himmati |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | هِمَّيْن himmayn |
الْهِمَّيْن al-himmayn |
هِمَّيْ himmay |
هِمَّتَيْن himmatayn |
الْهِمَّتَيْن al-himmatayn |
هِمَّتَيْ himmatay |
Nominative | هِمَّانِ himmāni |
الْهِمَّانِ al-himmāni |
هِمَّا himmā |
هِمَّتَانِ himmatāni |
الْهِمَّتَانِ al-himmatāni |
هِمَّتَا himmatā |
Accusative | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّيْ himmay |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
هِمَّتَيْ himmatay |
Genitive | هِمَّيْنِ himmayni |
الْهِمَّيْنِ al-himmayni |
هِمَّيْ himmay |
هِمَّتَيْنِ himmatayni |
الْهِمَّتَيْنِ al-himmatayni |
هِمَّتَيْ himmatay |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural diptote; sound feminine plural | |||||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَهْمَام ʔahmām |
الْأَهْمَام al-ʔahmām |
أَهْمَام ʔahmām |
هَمَائِم; هِمَّات hamāʔim; himmāt |
الْهَمَائِم; الْهِمَّات al-hamāʔim; al-himmāt |
هَمَائِم; هِمَّات hamāʔim; himmāt |
Nominative | أَهْمَامٌ ʔahmāmun |
الْأَهْمَامُ al-ʔahmāmu |
أَهْمَامُ ʔahmāmu |
هَمَائِمُ; هِمَّاتٌ hamāʔimu; himmātun |
الْهَمَائِمُ; الْهِمَّاتُ al-hamāʔimu; al-himmātu |
هَمَائِمُ; هِمَّاتُ hamāʔimu; himmātu |
Accusative | أَهْمَامًا ʔahmāman |
الْأَهْمَامَ al-ʔahmāma |
أَهْمَامَ ʔahmāma |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʔima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمَ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʔima; al-himmāti |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتِ hamāʔima; himmāti |
Genitive | أَهْمَامٍ ʔahmāmin |
الْأَهْمَامِ al-ʔahmāmi |
أَهْمَامِ ʔahmāmi |
هَمَائِمَ; هِمَّاتٍ hamāʔima; himmātin |
الْهَمَائِمِ; الْهِمَّاتِ al-hamāʔimi; al-himmāti |
هَمَائِمِ; هِمَّاتِ hamāʔimi; himmāti |
References
edit- Freytag, Georg (1837) “هم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 406
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “هم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 2, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1442
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “هم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 1181
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “هم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “هم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 1355–1356
Egyptian Arabic
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editهم • (humma) pl
See also
editSuffix
editـهم • (-hum) pl
Hijazi Arabic
editRoot |
---|
ه م م |
1 term |
Etymology 1
editPronunciation 1
editPronoun
editهم • (humma) pl
- they (masculine plural subject pronoun)
Hijazi Arabic personal pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | ||
1st person | أَنَا (ʔana) | إِحْنَا (ʔiḥna) / نِحْنَ (niḥna) | |
2nd person | m | إِنْتَ (ʔinta) | إِنْتُو (ʔintu) |
f | إِنْتِ (ʔinti) / إِنْتِي (ʔinti) | ||
3rd person | m | هُوَّ (huwwa) | هُمَّ (humma) |
f | هِيَّ (hiyya) |
Pronunciation 2
editSuffix
editـهُم • (-hum) pl
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editNoun
editIraqi Arabic
editEtymology
editAdverb
editهم (ham)
- still, all the same
- مهما نسوي هم مقصرين.
- Mahma nsawwi ham muqaṣṣirīn.
- Whatever we do, we still don't do enough.
Persian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Persian hm (ham, “also, same”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎶 (h-m /ham(a)/, “same, together”), from Proto-Iranian *hamHáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *samHás, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”).[1] Compare Sanskrit सम (sama), English same.
Alternative forms
edit- ـم (-am) (colloquial)
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ham]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [häm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ham |
Dari reading? | ham |
Iranian reading? | ham |
Tajik reading? | ham |
- This word never takes stress.
Adverb
edit- also, too; (in negative constructions, chiefly as a post-positive particle) either, neither
- Synonym: (formal) نیز (niz)
- از این کتاب هم خوشم میآید.
- az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.
- I like this book, too.
- فارسی هم بلد نیست.
- fârsi ham balad nist.
- He doesn't speak Persian, either.
- c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 79:
- هر مرغ شاد و من که ز اندوه مردهام
نگشایدم دل از گل و باغ و بهار هم- har murğ šād u man ki zi andūh murda'am
nagušāyadam dil az gul u bāğ u bahār ham - Each of the birds are joyful, and how I have died of grief!
My heart does not open to the rose and the garden, nor to springtime.
- har murğ šād u man ki zi andūh murda'am
- even; often with حتی (hatta)
- حتی موش هم خوردند.
- hattâ muš ham xordand.
- Even rats were eaten.
- c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 79:
- غیر از حبیب خود نپرستم کس ار برند
خلق جهان بقتل مرا سوی دار هم- ğayr az habīb-i xwad naparastam kas ar barand
xalq-i jahān ba-qatl ma-rā sō-yi dār ham - I shall not worship anyone other than my beloved, even if the people of the world drag me toward the gallows.
- ğayr az habīb-i xwad naparastam kas ar barand
- (as هم (ham)... هم (ham)) both
- یک سال بعد هم من و هم او ازدواج كرديم.
- yek sâl-e ba'd ham man o ham u ezdevâj kardim.
- A year later, he and I married.
- Used in the non-initial clause to suggest a contrast.
- او گپ میزد، من هم ساکت بودم.
- u gap mi-zad, man ham sâket budam.
- He talked; as for me, I was silent.
- بد نیست، خیلی هم خوب است.
- bad nist, xeyli ham xub ast.
- It's not bad, rather it's very good.
Usage notes
edit- هم (ham) directly follows the word or phrase it modifies, except in the coordinate construction هم (ham)... هم (ham) in which case it comes before.
- از این کتاب هم خوشم میآید.
- az in ketâb ham xošam mi-âyad.
- I like this book, also. (In addition to another book that I like, I like this one.)
- من هم از این کتاب خوشم میآید.
- man ham az in ketâb xošam mi-âyad.
- I also like this book. (In addition to someone else who likes this book, I do.)
Pronoun
editهم • (ham)
- each other; Short for همدیگر (hamdigar).
Derived terms
edit- با هم (bâ ham, “together”)
Descendants
edit- → Armenian: համ (ham, “and, both”)
- → Azerbaijani: həm (“and”)
- → Bashkir: һәм (həm, “and”)
- → Tatar: һәм (häm, “and”)
- → Iraqi Arabic: هم (“still”)
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Arabic هَمّ (hamm).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ham(m)]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [hæm(m)]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [häm(m)]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ham(m) |
Dari reading? | ham(m) |
Iranian reading? | ham(m) |
Tajik reading? | ham(m) |
Noun
editهم • (ham)
References
edit- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 344
- ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “ham”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 39
South Levantine Arabic
editEtymology 1
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editهم • (homme) pl (enclitic form ـهم (-hom))
See also
editSouth Levantine Arabic personal pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | ||
1st person | أنا (ʔana) | احنا (ʔiḥna) | |
2nd person | m | انت (ʔinta) | انتو (ʔintu) |
f | انتي (ʔinti) | ||
3rd person | m | هو (huwwe) | هم (homme) |
f | هي (hiyye) |
Etymology 2
editFrom Arabic ـهُمْ (-hum) or ـهِمْ (-him).
Suffix
editـهم • (-hom) pl
See also
editSouth Levantine Arabic enclitic pronouns | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
after consonant | after vowel | |||
1st person | after verb | ـني (-ni) | ـنا (-na) | |
else | ـِي (-i) | ـي (-y) | ||
2nd person | m | ـَك (-ak) | ـك (-k) | ـكُم (-kom) / ـكو (-ku) |
f | ـِك (-ek) | ـكي (-ki) | ||
3rd person | m | ـُه (-o) | ـه (-h) | ـهُم (-hom) |
f | ـها (-ha) |
Etymology 3
editRoot |
---|
ه م م |
3 terms |
Pronunciation
editVerb
editهمّ • (hamm) I (present بهمّ (bihimm))
Conjugation
editConjugation of همّ (hamm) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | همّيت (hammēt) | همّيت (hammēt) | همّ (hamm) | همّينا (hammēna) | همّيتو (hammētu) | همّو (hammu) | |
f | همّيتي (hammēti) | همّت (hammat) | ||||||
present | m | بهمّ (bahimm) | بتهمّ (bithimm) | بهمّ (bihimm) | منهمّ (minhimm) | بتهمّو (bithimmu) | بهمّو (bihimmu) | |
f | بتهمّي (bithimmi) | بتهمّ (bithimm) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | اهمّ (ahimm) | تهمّ (thimm) | يهمّ (yhimm) | نهمّ (nhimm) | تهمّو (thimmu) | يهمّو (yhimmu) | |
f | تهمّي (thimmi) | تهمّ (thimm) | ||||||
imperative | m | همّ (himm) | همّو (himmu) | |||||
f | همّي (himmi) |
Tunisian Arabic
editSuffix
editـهُمْ (-hum) pl
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic pronouns
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ه م م
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic geminate form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel u
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic adjectives
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote singular
- Arabic adjectives with triptote singular in -a
- Arabic adjectives with broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with basic diptote broken plural
- Arabic adjectives with sound feminine plural
- Arabic nouns with triptote singular in -a
- Arabic nouns with basic diptote broken plural
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine plural
- Egyptian Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Egyptian Arabic lemmas
- Egyptian Arabic pronouns
- Egyptian Arabic suffixes
- Egyptian Arabic pluralia tantum
- Hijazi Arabic terms belonging to the root ه م م
- Hijazi Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic pronouns
- Hijazi Arabic personal pronouns
- Hijazi Arabic suffixes
- Hijazi Arabic pluralia tantum
- Hijazi Arabic nouns
- Hijazi Arabic masculine nouns
- Iraqi Arabic terms borrowed from Persian
- Iraqi Arabic terms derived from Persian
- Iraqi Arabic lemmas
- Iraqi Arabic adverbs
- Iraqi Arabic terms with usage examples
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-
- Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian
- Persian terms derived from Middle Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Old Persian
- Persian terms derived from Old Persian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian adverbs
- Persian terms with usage examples
- Persian terms with quotations
- Persian pronouns
- Persian short forms
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian nouns
- Persian literary terms
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic pronouns
- South Levantine Arabic personal pronouns
- South Levantine Arabic suffixes
- South Levantine Arabic pluralia tantum
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root ه م م
- South Levantine Arabic verbs
- South Levantine Arabic form-I verbs
- Tunisian Arabic lemmas
- Tunisian Arabic suffixes
- Tunisian Arabic pluralia tantum