京城
Chinese
editcapital; Beijing (abbrev.) | city walls; city; town | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (京城) |
京 | 城 |
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ging1 sing4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn-sàng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1cin-zen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄔㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jingchéng
- Wade–Giles: ching1-chʻêng2
- Yale: jīng-chéng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingcherng
- Palladius: цзинчэн (czinčɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 京城
精誠/精诚
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җинчын (žinčɨn, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ging1 sing4
- Yale: gīng sìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging1 sing4
- Guangdong Romanization: ging1 xing4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ sɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-sàng
- Hakka Romanization System: ginˊ sangˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin1 sang2
- Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ saŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kjaeng dzyeng
Noun
edit京城
- (literary) capital city (of a country)
- 辛丑年紅賊據京城,王移福州。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
- From: late 15th c., 金時習 (Kim Si-seup), 《李生窺牆傳》, 《金鰲新話》
- Sinchung-nyeon Hongjeok geo gyeongseong, wang i Bokju. [Sino-Korean]
- In the sinchuk year [1361], the Red Bandits occupied the capital [of Korea]; the king fled to Bokju.
Usage notes
editWhen translating the English term capital city, use 首都 (shǒudū) when referring to the capital of a country, 首府 (shǒufǔ) when referring to the capital of a state or autonomous region, and 省會/省会 (shěnghuì) when referring to the capital of a province. Alternative terms for the capital of a country include 國都/国都 (guódū), 京城 (jīngchéng), 京都 (jīngdū), 京邑 (jīngyì) and 都城 (dūchéng) all of which are more commonly used in literary language. The term 京城 (jīngchéng) is most commonly used in historical dramas set in Imperial China.
Synonyms
edit- 上國/上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
- 京師/京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
- 京華/京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
- 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
- 京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
- 國家/国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
- 國都/国都 (guódū)
- 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
- 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
- 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
- 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
- 神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
- 都城 (dūchéng)
- 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
- 都門/都门 (dūmén) (literary)
- 鎬京/镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
- 長安/长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)
- 首都 (shǒudū)
Descendants
edit- → Japanese: 京城 (keijō)
- → Korean: 경성(京城) (gyeongseong)
- → Vietnamese: kinh thành (京城)
Others:
- → Zhuang: gingsingz
See also
editProper noun
edit京城
Japanese
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
京 | 城 |
けい Grade: 2 |
じょう Grade: 4 |
kan'on | goon |
Etymology 1
editFrom Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 706.[1] In turn, from Middle Chinese 京城 (MC kjaeng dzyeng, literally “capital + city, town”).
Possibly encountered in older texts with the reading きょうじょう (kyōjō),[1] using the older goon pronunciation for both characters.
Use to refer to Seoul was based in part on the older name 漢城 (Hanseong),[1] and in part on the Japanese sense of "imperial capital", in referring to the city as the center of administration under the Japanese Empire.[2] The city was also informally called 京城 (Gyeongseong) in Korean during the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897).[3][4] See also Names_of_Seoul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit京城 • (keijō) ←けいじやう (keizyau)?
- [from 706] the emperor's residence, the imperial palace
- [from 706] the capital, especially within an empire
Proper noun
edit京城 • (Keijō) ←けいじやう (keizyau)?
- [1910–1945] (historical) (Japanese colonial era) Seoul, also known as Gyeongseong (the Korean reading of these same Chinese characters) and Keijō
- 京城帝国大学
- Keijō Teikoku Daigaku
- Keijō Imperial University
- 京城帝国大学
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term | |
---|---|
京 | 城 |
きょう Grade: 2 |
じょう Grade: 4 |
goon |
The older goon pronunciation. Not used in modern Japanese, but possibly still encountered in older texts.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit京城 • (kyōjō) ←きやうじやう (kyauzyau)?
- [706–???] (obsolete) the emperor's residence, the imperial palace
- [706–???] (obsolete) the capital, especially within an empire
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “京城”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ “京城”, in 世界大百科事典 第2版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
- ^ “ソウル”, in 日本大百科全書:ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
- ^ Katsuhiro Kuroda (2004 July 2) “漢城、京城、セソウル? (Kanjō, Keijō, Sesouru?, “Hanseong, Gyeongseong, Seseoul (New Seoul)?”)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)[4], Sankei Shimbun, retrieved 2020-12-19
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
editHanja in this term | |
---|---|
京 | 城 |
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “when it was first attested?”)
Proper noun
edit京城 • (Gyeongseong) (hangeul 경성)
- hanja form? of 경성 (“(Japanese colonial era) Seoul, Gyeongseong or Keijō”)
Vietnamese
editchữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
京 | 城 |
Noun
edit京城
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
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