僅

See also: 仅

僅 U+50C5, 僅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50C5 ← 僄 [U+50C4] CJK Unified Ideographs 僆 → [U+50C6]

Translingual

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese, the official version of the character is written ⿰亻堇 (the component on the right, 堇 is not simplified to 𦰌). However, handwritten form of ⿰亻𦰌 is allowed.

Han character

僅 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人廿中一 (OTLM), four-corner 2421₄, composition ⿰亻堇 or ⿰亻𦰌)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 115, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1048
• Dae Jaweon: page 246, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 208, character 2
• Unihan data for U+50C5

Chinese

trad.		僅
simp.		仅*
alternative forms		堇 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 僅
Small seal script s05795 Transcribed ancient scripts L31353
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇	*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐	*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯns) : semantic 人 + phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jǐn (jin³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gan² / gan⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiún
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kín / kīn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): geng²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
    • Wade–Giles: chin³
    • Yale: jǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gan² / gan⁶
    • Yale: gán / gahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gan² / gan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gen² / gen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵/, /kɐn²²/

Note: gan6 - rare variant.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiún
    • Hakka Romanization System: giun`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giun³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯un³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín / kīn
    • Tâi-lô: kín / kīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kien, kin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kin⁵³/, /kin²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kin⁵⁵⁴/, /kin⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³/, /kin²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kin⁵³/, /kin³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹/, /kin³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: ginH

Rime
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠遴切
Baxter	ginH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚinH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡienH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjinH/
Li Rong	/ɡjĕnH/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ ginH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/
English	barely
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
No.	6734
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	僅
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯns/

Definitions

僅

1. only; merely
2. a surname

Compounds

• 不僅／不仅 (bùjǐn)
• 僅以身免／仅以身免
• 僅僅／仅仅 (jǐnjǐn)
• 僅只／仅只
• 僅可／仅可
• 僅夠／仅够
• 僅容旋馬／仅容旋马
• 僅有／仅有 (jǐnyǒu)
• 功僅補過／功仅补过
• 碩果僅存／硕果仅存 (shuòguǒjǐncún)
• 絕無僅有／绝无仅有 (juéwújǐnyǒu)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìn, jǐn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ, ㄐㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gan² / gan⁶
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): geng²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
    • Wade–Giles: chin⁴
    • Yale: jìn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
    • Wade–Giles: chin³
    • Yale: jǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gan² / gan⁶
    • Yale: gán / gahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gan² / gan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gen² / gen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³⁵/, /kɐn²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: ginH

Rime
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠遴切
Baxter	ginH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚinH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡienH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjinH/
Li Rong	/ɡjĕnH/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ ginH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]rə[r]-s/
English	barely
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	僅
Reading #	1/1
No.	6734
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	僅
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯns/

Definitions

僅

1. (literary) nearly; almost

References

• “僅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	Shinjitai (extended)	僅󠄀 僅+󠄀? (Adobe-Japan1)
僅󠄂 僅+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai	僅
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Kanji

僅

(Jōyō kanji)

1. merely, small quantity

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
• Kun: わずか (wazuka, 僅か, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 僅差(きんさ) (kinsa): narrow margin, slim majority
• 僅少(きんしょう) (kinshō): scarce, insignificant
• 僅僅(きんきん) (kinkin)/ 僅々(きんきん) (kinkin): merely

Korean

Hanja

僅 (eumhun 겨우 근 (gyeou geun))

1. hanja form^? of 근 (“only, merely, solely, just”)

Vietnamese

Han character

僅: Hán Nôm readings: cẩn, cận, cấn, cẫn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.