忠

See also: 中心

忠	U+5FE0, 忠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FE0

← 忟
[U+5FDF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

忡 →
[U+5FE1]

Translingual

Han character

忠 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 中心 (LP), four-corner 5033₆, composition ⿱中心)

Derived characters

𠊞, 㥙, 𣷡, 𦜦, 䛱, 𨨩, 𩗻, 𢘑, 𢘗, 𡲦, 𫁑, 𨵖, 𬅇, 贒

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 377, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10353
Dae Jaweon: page 704, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2273, character 15
Unihan data for U+5FE0

Chinese

simp. and trad.		忠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忠
Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
中	tuŋ, tuŋs
忠	*tuŋ
衷	tuŋ, tuŋs
忡	*tʰuŋ
浺	*tʰuŋ
盅	tʰuŋ, duŋ, *tjoŋ
种	*duŋ
沖	*duŋ
翀	*duŋ
仲	*duŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuŋ) : phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

Cognate with Tibetan གཞུང་བ (gzhung ba, “to attend; to be heedful”). Perhaps the same word as 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhōng (zhong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chûng
Eastern Min (BUC): dṳ̆ng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): dong¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tson

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
  - Wade–Giles: chung¹
  - Yale: jūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
  - Palladius: чжун (čžun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zung¹
  - Yale: jūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dṳ̆ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong
  - Tâi-lô: tiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dong¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tson
  - MiniDict: tson^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tson
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: trjuwng

Rime
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟弓切
Baxter	trjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*truŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhōng
Middle Chinese	‹ trjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*truŋ/
English	loyal
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忠
Reading #	1/1
No.	17408
Phonetic component	中
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	中
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ/

Definitions

忠

loyal; devoted; faithful
loyalty; devotion; fidelity

Compounds

References

“忠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

忠

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

loyalty

Readings

Go-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyuu, historical)}
Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyuu, historical)}
Kun: まごころ (magokoro, 忠)
Nanori: たた (tata, 忠); ただ (tada, 忠); ただし (tadashi, 忠); なお (nao, 忠); きよし (kiyoshi, 忠)

Compounds

Proper noun

忠(ただし) or 忠(たゞし) • (Tadashi)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

忠 (eum 충 (chung))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

忠: Hán Nôm readings: trung, võ, vű

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.