朗

朗	U+6717, 朗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6717

朗	U+F929, 朗 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F929

← 廊
[U+F928]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

浪 →
[U+F92A]

朗	U+FA92, 朗 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA92

← 晴
[U+FA91]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

望 →
[U+FA93]

朗	U+2F8D8, 朗 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D8

← 䏙
[U+2F8D7]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

望 →
[U+2F8D9]

Translingual

Han character

朗 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈戈月 (IIB), four-corner 3772₀, composition ⿰良月)

Derived characters

𠻴, 㙟, 𢠯, 𪮡, 𣼽, 樃, 𤎜, 𤨡, 𦄺, 𫆍, 𬡨, 𠓇, 𨅉, 𡂯, 𫻠, 𬂆, 蓢, 𢀬, 𬕨, 𩅜, 𩡜, 塱, 㮾

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 505, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14362
Dae Jaweon: page 884, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2072, character 6
Unihan data for U+6717

Unihan data for U+F929

Unihan data for U+FA92

Unihan data for U+2F8D8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		朗
alternative forms		朖㫰誏／𬣼朤𣊧朖㫰誏／𬣼朤𣊧𣍷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
剆	raːl, raːlʔ
郎	*raːŋ
稂	*raːŋ
桹	*raːŋ
鋃	*raːŋ
硠	*raːŋ
浪	raːŋ, raːŋs
蜋	raːŋ, raŋ
琅	*raːŋ
狼	*raːŋ
欴	*raːŋ
踉	raːŋ, raŋ, *raŋs
莨	raːŋ, raːŋs
艆	*raːŋ
駺	*raːŋ
躴	*raːŋ
筤	*raːŋ
閬	raːŋ, raːŋs
哴	raːŋ, raŋs
蓈	*raːŋ
廊	*raːŋ
榔	raːŋ, raːŋʔ
螂	*raːŋ
瑯	*raːŋ
朗	*raːŋʔ
朖	*raːŋʔ
誏	*raːŋʔ
俍	*raːŋʔ
崀	*raːŋʔ
埌	*raːŋs
蒗	*raːŋs
娘	*naŋ
良	*raŋ
粮	*raŋ
悢	*raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋʔ) : phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ) + semantic 月 (“moon”)

Etymology

Areal etymon. Compare Khmer រង (rɔɔng, “be light, bright, become clear, clarify”), Old Mon to glitter (ˀaråṅ), Burmese ရောင် (raung, “brightness”), အရောင် (a.raung, “appearance, colour, luster”). Possibly related to 亮 (OC raŋh). (Schuessler, 2007)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǎng (lang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lóng / long

(Meixian, Guangdong): long⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): lāng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lóng / láng / lang

(Teochew, Peng'im): lang⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶laon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǎng
  - Wade–Giles: lang³
  - Yale: lǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laang
  - Palladius: лан (lan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: long⁵
  - Yale: lóhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: long⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: long⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lóng / long
  - Hakka Romanization System: long^ˋ / long
  - Hagfa Pinyim: long³ / long⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /loŋ³¹/, /loŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: long⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃aŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lóng
  - Tâi-lô: lóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láng
  - Tâi-lô: láng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: larng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /laŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /laŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lang
  - Tâi-lô: lang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lafng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /laŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

láng/lang - vernacular;
lóng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: lang⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lăng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /laŋ³⁵/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶laon
  - MiniDict: laon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³laan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lɑ̃²³/

Middle Chinese: langX

Rime
Character	朗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧黨切
Baxter	langX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/laŋ^X/
Li Rong	/lɑŋ^X/
Wang Li	/lɑŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	long⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k.rˤaŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ lang^X ›
Old Chinese	/*k.rˁaŋʔ/
English	bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朗
Reading #	1/1
No.	8034
Phonetic component	良
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	朗
Old Chinese	/*raːŋʔ/

Definitions

朗

clear; bright
loud and clear
朗讀／朗读 ― lǎngdú ― to read aloud
(literary) understanding; enlightened

Compounds

References

“朗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	朗
Kyūjitai ^[1]	朗 `朗`
	朗󠄀 朗+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	朗󠄆 朗+`󠄆`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

朗

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 朗)

(visually) bright, clear
(auditorily) sonorant, clear
(psychologically) merry, cheerful
Used in personal names.

Readings

Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kan-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kun: ほがらか (hogaraka, 朗らか, Jōyō)、あきらか (akiraka, 朗らか)、ほがら (hogara, 朗ら)
Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、お (o)、さえ (sae)、とき (toki)、ほがら (hogara)、ろ (ro)

Compounds

晴(せい)朗(ろう) (seirō)

References

^ “朗”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 朗 (MC langX). Recorded as Middle Korean 랑 (lang) (Yale: lang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [na̠(ː)ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [낭(ː)]
  - Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
(non-initial position)
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [랑]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

朗

Wikisource

朗 (eumhun 밝을 랑 (balgeul rang), word-initial (South Korea) 밝을 낭 (balgeul nang))

hanja form^? of 랑/낭 (“clear; bright”)

Compounds

명랑 (明朗, myeongnang)
낭송 (朗誦, nangsong)
낭랑 (朗朗, nangnang)
낭음 (朗吟, nang'eum)
낭오 (朗悟, nang'o)
청랑 (晴朗, cheongnang)
광랑 (曠朗, gwangnang)
광랑 (光朗, gwangnang)
낭독 (朗讀, nangdok, “reading out loud”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

朗: Hán Việt readings: lãng (里(lí)黨(đảng)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]
朗: Nôm readings: lẳng^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5], lặng^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5], rạng^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5], lảng^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4], lững^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4], lãng^[1]^[2]^[3], lửng^[1]^[2]^[5], láng^[1]^[2], lắng^[1]^[2], sang^[1]^[2], sáng^[1]^[2], lựng^[3]^[5], lẵng^[1], trắng^[1], rang^[3], lăng^[4], lứng^[4]

Nôm form of lặng (“calm; silent; quiet”).

References

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 Hồ (1976).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[1] “朗”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

[tdcndg-2] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 ^1.12 ^1.13 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-3] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-4] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Trần (2004).

[btcn-5] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 Hồ (1976).

[taberd-6] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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