袴

Translingual

Traditional	褲
Shinjitai (extended)	袴
Simplified	裤

Han character

袴 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中大一尸 (LKMS), composition ⿰衤夸)

Derived characters

𬞔

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1115, character 26
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34236
Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3088, character 7
Unihan data for U+88B4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
侉	*qaːls
夸	*kʰʷraː
姱	*kʰʷraː
胯	kʰʷraː, kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨	kʰʷraː, kʰʷraːʔ, kʰʷraːs, kʰʷaːs
誇	*kʰʷraː
垮	*kʰʷraːʔ
銙	*kʰʷraːʔ
骻	*kʰʷraːʔ
咵	*kʰʷraːʔ
釫	ɢʷraː, qʷaː
摦	*ɡʷraːs
鮬	pɢʷaː, kʰʷaː
嶀	*qʰʷl'aː
扝	kʰʷaː, qʷaː
刳	*kʰʷaː
郀	*kʰʷaː
挎	*kʰʷaː
袴	*kʰʷaːs
絝	*kʰʷaːs
褲	*kʰʷaːs
恗	*qʰaː
洿	ɡʷaːʔ, qʷaː
瓠	ɡʷlaː, ɡʷlaːs
鄠	*ɢʷlaːʔ
污	qʷaː, qʷaːs
杇	*qʷaː
圬	*qʷaː
鴮	*qʷaː
盓	*qʷaː
汙	qʷaːs, ɢʷa
樗	*qʰʷl'a
摴	*qʰʷl'a
荂	pqʰʷa, qʰʷa
雩	qʰʷla, ɢʷla
吁	qʰʷa, ɢʷas
盱	*qʰʷa
訏	*qʰʷa
扜	qʰʷa, qʷa
旴	*qʰʷa
冔	*qʰʷaʔ
紆	*qʷa
陓	*qʷa
迂	qʷa, qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶	*qʷa
于	*ɢʷa
盂	*ɢʷa
竽	*ɢʷa
邘	*ɢʷa
玗	*ɢʷa
芋	ɢʷa, ɢʷas
杅	*ɢʷa
釪	*ɢʷa
骬	*ɢʷa
謣	*ɢʷla
宇	*ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 衤 (“cloth”) + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː) – a type of clothing.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 袴 – see 褲 (“pants; trousers”). (This character is a variant form of 褲).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 袴 – see 胯 (“hip; groin”). (This character is an ancient variant form of 胯).

Japanese

Kanji

袴

(Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 褲)

traditional Japanese loose trousers

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: こ (ko)
Kun: はかま (hakama, 袴)、ずぼん (zubon, 袴)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

袴

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Hakama

Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
袴
はかま Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.

Appears to be a compound deriving ultimately from 穿か (haka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) or a sound shift from some other conjugation of verb 穿く (haku, “to pull onto the lower body (such as trousers)”)) +‎ 裳 (ma, “robes”, sound shift from expected reading mo).^[1]

The loincloth sense is attested earlier in the Nihon Shoki, finished in 720 CE.^[2] Other sources^[1] also cite the Nihon Shoki for the trousers sense, possibly suggesting confusion regarding the meaning of the term as used in that text.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はかま [hàkámáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ha̠ka̠ma̠]

Noun

袴(はかま) • (hakama)

hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
- 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 74)
  飫瀰能古簸(おみのこは)多倍能(たへの)波伽摩(はかま)鳴(を)那那陛鳴絁(ななへをし)爾播爾陀陀始諦(にはにたたして)阿遥比那陀須暮(あよひなだすも) [Man'yōgana]
  臣(おみ)の子(こ)は栲(たへ)の袴(はかま)を七(なな)重(へ)をし庭(には)に立(た)たして足結(あよひ)撫(なだ)すも [Modern spelling]
  omi no ko wa tae no hakama o nanae oshi niwa ni tatashite ayoi nadasu mo
  (please add an English translation of this example)
(botany) a leaf sheath
a holder for a heated bottle of saké
(rare, possibly obsolete) a kind of traditional Japanese loincloth
- 720, Nihon Shoki (page 562)
  逼而脱(＊＊＊)褌(＊)　[...] [Man'yōgana]
  逼(せ)めて袴(はかま)を脱(に)かしめて　[...] [Modern spelling]
  semete hakama o nikashimete...
  (please add an English translation of this example)
Synonym: 褌 (fundoshi)

Derived terms

袴葛(ハカマカズラ) (hakamakazura)
袴(はかま)着(ぎ) (hakamagi)
袴(はかま)地(じ) (hakamaji)
袴(はかま)能(のう) (hakama-nō)
行灯(あんどん)袴(ばかま) (andon-bakama)
表(うえの)袴(はかま), 上(うえの)袴(はかま) (ue no hakama)
袿(うちき)袴(ばかま) (uchiki-bakama)
女(おんな)袴(ばかま) (onna-bakama)
御(お)袴(はかま)料(りょう) (ohakama-ryō), 御(おん)袴(はかま)料(りょう) (onhakama-ryō)
片(かた)袴(ばかま) (kata-bakama)
括(くく)り袴(ばかま) (kukuribakama)
紺(こう)屋(や)の白(しろ)袴(ばかま) (kōya no shirobakama)
猿(さる)袴(ばかま) (saru-bakama)
猩々(ショウジョウ)袴(バカマ) (shōjō-bakama)
白(しろ)袴(ばかま) (shirobakama)
摺(すり)袴(ばかま) (suribakama)
長(なが)袴(ばかま) (nagabakama)
羽(は)織(おり)袴(はかま) (haori-hakama)
肌(はだ)袴(ばかま), 膚(はだ)袴(ばかま) (hadabakama)
張(はり)袴(ばかま) (haribakama)
半(はん)袴(ばかま) (hanbakama)
緋(ひ)袴(ばかま) (hibakama), 緋(ひ)の袴(はかま) (hi no hakama)
藤(フジ)袴(バカマ) (fujibakama)
山(やま)袴(ばかま) (yamabakama)
雪(ゆき)袴(ばかま) (yuki-bakama)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
袴
こ Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 袴 (MC khuH).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ko̞]

Noun

袴(こ) • (ko)

(rare) hakama: a type of traditional Japanese trousers
(rare) momohiki: traditional Japanese closefitting workman's trousers
Synonym: 股引き (momohiki)
(historical, military): prior to World War II, the general term for trousers in the Imperial Japanese Army
Synonym: ズボン (zubon)

Derived terms

袴(こ)下(した) (koshita)
袿袴(けいこ) (keiko)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 袴 (MC khuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 고〮 (kwó) (Yale: kwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

袴

Wikisource

袴 (eumhun 바지 고 (baji go))

hanja form^? of 고 (“trousers; pants”)

Compounds

환고 (紈袴, hwan'go)
단고 (單袴, dan'go)
고의 (袴衣, goui)

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 胯 (MC khwaeH). Recorded as Middle Korean 과〯 (kwǎ) (Yale: kwa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

袴 (eumhun 사타구니 과 (sataguni gwa))

hanja form^? of 과 (“crotch; groin”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]