[go: nahoru, domu]
Wiktionary

讀

See also: 读 and 読
讀 U+8B80, 讀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B80
← 譿
[U+8B7F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 讁 →
[U+8B81]
讀 U+F95A, 讀
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F95A
← 陵
[U+F959] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 拏 →
[U+F95B]

Translingual

edit
Traditional 讀
Shinjitai 読
Simplified 读

Han character

edit

讀 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+15, 22 strokes, cangjie input 卜口土田金 (YRGWC), four-corner 04686, composition ⿰訁賣 or ⿰訁𧶠)

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1185, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36088
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1649, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4029, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8B80

Chinese

edit

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 讀
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (𧶠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
竇 *l'oːɡs
續 *ljoɡs, *ljoɡ
覿 *l'juːɡ
黷 *l'oːɡ
讟 *l'oːɡ
殰 *l'oːɡ
讀 *l'oːɡ
櫝 *l'oːɡ
牘 *l'oːɡ
儥 *l'oːɡ
贕 *l'oːɡ
皾 *l'oːɡ
瓄 *l'oːɡ
瀆 *l'oːɡ
豄 *l'oːɡ
韇 *l'oːɡ
嬻 *l'oːɡ
犢 *l'oːɡ
匵 *l'oːɡ
藚 *ljoɡ
襩 *ɦljoɡ
贖 *ɦljoɡ
𧶠 *luɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 言 (“to say”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

Etymology 1

edit
trad. 讀
simp. 读

“To say aloud, to tell” (Shijing) > “to recite” > “to read”.

Cognate with Tibetan ཀློག (klog, “to read; to recite”). Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-lok (“to recite; to give notice”) for this, and also includes Burmese လျှောက် (hlyauk, “to tell; to ask; to petition; word-for-word translation; indiscriminately”) and Mizo thlûk (“accent, tone, intonation”). Related to 讟 (OC *l'oːɡ, “resentment, slander < to grumble; complaint”).

STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-g-(l/r)əwk (“to read”), relating it to 牘 (OC *l'oːɡ, “tablet”).

Sagart (1999) argues that “read” cannot be the primary meaning, since existence of the concept “to read” before the invention of writing is questionable. There is likely no writing at the time of the split between Chinese and other Sino-Tibetan languages, therefore the Tibetan word may represent a borrowing from Chinese.

Pronunciation

edit
Note:
  • tha̍k - vernacular;
  • tho̍k - literary.
Rime
Character 讀
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 屋 (3)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒谷切
Baxter duwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dəwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/duk̚/
Wang
Li 		/duk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱuk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		duk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 讀
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ duwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.lˁok/
English read (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 讀
Reading # 1/1
No. 16039
Phonetic
component 		𧶠
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		獨
Old
Chinese 		/*l'oːɡ/

Definitions

edit

讀

  1. † to say aloud; to tell
  2. to read (silently); to peruse
    Synonym: 看
    讀書／读书  ―  dúshū  ―  to read; reading
    閱讀／阅读  ―  yuèdú  ―  to read
    這篇文章值得一讀。 [MSC, trad.]
    这篇文章值得一读。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè piān wénzhāng zhíde yī dú. [Pinyin]
    This article is worth reading.
  3. to read aloud; to read out
    朗讀／朗读  ―  lǎngdú  ―  to read aloud
    有邊讀邊，沒邊讀中間 [MSC, trad.]
    有边读边，没边读中间 [MSC, simp.]
    yǒu biān dú biān, méi biān dú zhōngjiān [Pinyin]
    read the side if any; read the middle part if there is no side
    二讀／二读  ―  èrdú  ―  second reading (of a bill)
  4. to study
    讀大學／读大学  ―  dú dàxué  ―  to study at a university
    讀會計／读会计 [Cantonese]  ―  duk6 wui6 gai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to study accounting
  5. to pronounce (a character, a word, etc.)
    Synonym: 唸／念 (niàn)
    這個字怎麼讀？／这个字怎么读？  ―  Zhège zì zěnme dú?  ―  How do you pronounce this character?
  6. pronunciation
    讀音／读音  ―  dúyīn  ―  pronunciation (of characters)
    異讀／异读  ―  yìdú  ―  variant pronunciation
    文讀／文读  ―  wéndú  ―  literary reading

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
  • → Vietnamese: đọc
  • → Zhuang: doeg

Etymology 2

edit
trad. 讀
simp. 读
alternative forms 逗

A late attested reading. Starostin thinks it is from the *-s pronunciation of Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

edit
Note:
  • tāu - vernacular;
  • tō͘ - literary.

Definitions

edit

讀

  1. short pause in reading; part of a sentence; clause
    句讀／句读  ―  jùdòu  ―  periods and commas, sentences and clauses

Compounds

edit

Further reading

edit

Japanese

edit

Shinjitai

読

Kyūjitai

讀

Kanji

edit
讀

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 読)

  1. to read
  2. (とう) phrase, clause, part of a sentence, e.g. 読点 (lit. "clause mark", i.e. comma)

Readings

edit
  • Go-on: ず (zu)←づ (du, historical)、どく (doku)
  • Kan-on: とう (tō)、とく (toku)
  • Kun: よむ (yomu, 讀む)

Korean

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Middle Chinese 讀 (MC duwk).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

讀 (eumhun 읽을 독 (ilgeul dok))

  1. hanja form? of 독 (“to read”)

Compounds

edit
Compounds

Etymology 2

edit

From Middle Chinese 讀 (MC duwH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit

讀 (eumhun 구절 두 (gujeol du))

  1. hanja form? of 두 (“short pause in reading, part of a sentence, clause”)

Compounds

edit
Compounds

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

讀: Hán Nôm readings: độc, đọc, đậu, đặt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=讀&oldid=78896413"