cear

Galician

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Portuguese cear and Spanish cenar.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/

Verb

cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)

to dine

Conjugation

Conjugation of cear

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceo	ceas	cea	ceamos	ceades	cean
Imperfect	ceaba	ceabas	ceaba	ceabamos	ceabades	ceaban
Preterite	ceei	ceaches	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos	cearades	cearan
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
Conditional	cearía	cearías	cearía	ceariamos	ceariades	cearían
Subjunctive
Present	cee	cees	cee	ceemos	ceedes	ceen
Imperfect	cease	ceases	cease	ceásemos	ceásedes	ceasen
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Imperative
Affirmative		cea	cee	ceemos	ceade	ceen
Negative (non)		non cees	non cee	non ceemos	non ceedes	non ceen

Reintegrated conjugation of cear (e may become ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceio, ceo¹	ceias, ceas¹	ceia, cea¹	ceamos	ceades, ceais	ceiam, ceam¹
Imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceávamos	ceávades, ceáveis, ceávais¹	ceavam
Preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceache¹	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	ceárom, cearam
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	ceáramos	ceárades, ceáreis, ceárais¹	cearam
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes, ceareis	cearám, cearão
Conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	cearíamos	cearíades, cearíeis, cearíais¹	ceariam
Subjunctive
Present	ceie, cee¹	ceies, cees¹	ceie, cee¹	ceemos	ceedes, ceeis	ceiem, ceem¹
Imperfect	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes, ceásseis	ceassem
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Imperative
Affirmative		ceia, cea¹	ceie, cee¹	ceemos	ceade, ceai	ceiem, ceem¹
Negative (nom)		nom ceies, nom cees¹	nom ceie, nom cee¹	nom ceemos	nom ceedes, nom ceeis	nom ceiem, nom ceem¹

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

cea

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cear, from Latin zelāre (“to be jealous of”). Cognate with Portuguese zelar and Spanish celar.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /θeˈaɾ/, (western) /seˈaɾ/

Verb

cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)

to be jealous of
Synonym: celar

Conjugation

Conjugation of cear

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceo	ceas	cea	ceamos	ceades	cean
Imperfect	ceaba	ceabas	ceaba	ceabamos	ceabades	ceaban
Preterite	ceei	ceaches	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos	cearades	cearan
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
Conditional	cearía	cearías	cearía	ceariamos	ceariades	cearían
Subjunctive
Present	cee	cees	cee	ceemos	ceedes	ceen
Imperfect	cease	ceases	cease	ceásemos	ceásedes	ceasen
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Imperative
Affirmative		cea	cee	ceemos	ceade	ceen
Negative (non)		non cees	non cee	non ceemos	non ceedes	non ceen

Reintegrated conjugation of cear (e may become ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceio, ceo¹	ceias, ceas¹	ceia, cea¹	ceamos	ceades, ceais	ceiam, ceam¹
Imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceávamos	ceávades, ceáveis, ceávais¹	ceavam
Preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceache¹	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	ceárom, cearam
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	ceáramos	ceárades, ceáreis, ceárais¹	cearam
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes, ceareis	cearám, cearão
Conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	cearíamos	cearíades, cearíeis, cearíais¹	ceariam
Subjunctive
Present	ceie, cee¹	ceies, cees¹	ceie, cee¹	ceemos	ceedes, ceeis	ceiem, ceem¹
Imperfect	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes, ceásseis	ceassem
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Imperative
Affirmative		ceia, cea¹	ceie, cee¹	ceemos	ceade, ceai	ceiem, ceem¹
Negative (nom)		nom ceies, nom cees¹	nom ceie, nom cee¹	nom ceemos	nom ceedes, nom ceeis	nom ceiem, nom ceem¹

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

Etymology 3

Unknown. Cognate with Portuguese ciar, Spanish ciar, Old Occitan siar.^[1]

Alternative forms

ciar, zuiar, zuír

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /seˈaɾ/

Verb

cear (first-person singular present ceo, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)
cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado, reintegrationist norm)

(nautical) to go astern; to backwater
to recede; to go backwards
Synonyms: afastar, arredar, estear, recuar
- 1807, anonymous author, Primeiro diálogo dos esterqueiros:
  A cada berro que daba
  ibame seando atrás
  p[o]r se acaso me encaixaba
  un sopapo da sua man:
  For each shout he gave
  I was moving back
  in case he encased me
  an uppercut of his hand

Conjugation

Conjugation of cear

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceo	ceas	cea	ceamos	ceades	cean
Imperfect	ceaba	ceabas	ceaba	ceabamos	ceabades	ceaban
Preterite	ceei	ceaches	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos	cearades	cearan
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
Conditional	cearía	cearías	cearía	ceariamos	ceariades	cearían
Subjunctive
Present	cee	cees	cee	ceemos	ceedes	ceen
Imperfect	cease	ceases	cease	ceásemos	ceásedes	ceasen
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
Imperative
Affirmative		cea	cee	ceemos	ceade	ceen
Negative (non)		non cees	non cee	non ceemos	non ceedes	non ceen

Reintegrated conjugation of cear (e may become ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceio, ceo¹	ceias, ceas¹	ceia, cea¹	ceamos	ceades, ceais	ceiam, ceam¹
Imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceávamos	ceávades, ceáveis, ceávais¹	ceavam
Preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceache¹	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	ceárom, cearam
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	ceáramos	ceárades, ceáreis, ceárais¹	cearam
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes, ceareis	cearám, cearão
Conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	cearíamos	cearíades, cearíeis, cearíais¹	ceariam
Subjunctive
Present	ceie, cee¹	ceies, cees¹	ceie, cee¹	ceemos	ceedes, ceeis	ceiem, ceem¹
Imperfect	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes, ceásseis	ceassem
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Imperative
Affirmative		ceia, cea¹	ceie, cee¹	ceemos	ceade, ceai	ceiem, ceem¹
Negative (nom)		nom ceies, nom cees¹	nom ceie, nom cee¹	nom ceemos	nom ceedes, nom ceeis	nom ceiem, nom ceem¹

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

References

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “cear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “cear”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cear”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cear”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cear”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “ciar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Old Galician-Portuguese

Pronunciation

Rhymes: -aɾ

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin zelāre (“to be jealous of”)

Verb

cear

to be jealous of

Conjugation

Conjugation of cear

infinitive		compound		infinitive of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
infinitive		simple		cear
gerund		simple		ceando
gerund		compound		gerund of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		ceado		ceados
		feminine		ceada		ceadas
present participle				ceante		ceantes
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	ceio¹, ceo²	ceias¹, ceas²	ceia¹, cea²	ceamos	ceades	ceian
	imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceavamos, ceávamos	ceavades, ceávades	ceavan
	preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceasche, ceache	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
	pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos, ceáramos	cearades, ceárades	cearan
	future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
	conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	ceariamos, cearíamos	ceariades, cearíades	cearian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	present imperfect	imperfect of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	pluperfect	simple pluperfect of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	ceie¹, cee²	ceies¹, cees²	ceie¹, cee²	ceemos	ceedes	ceien
	preterite	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes	ceassen
	future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	pluperfect	preterite subjunctive of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	ceia¹, cea²	ceie¹, cee²	ceemos	ceade	—
negative		—	non ceies¹, non cees²	non ceie¹, non cee²	non ceemos	non ceedes	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
personal infinitive		cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
¹ Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. ² Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

Descendants

Galician: cear

Etymology 2

Verb

cear

Alternative form of cẽar (“to dine”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of cear

infinitive		compound		infinitive of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
infinitive		simple		cear
gerund		simple		ceando
gerund		compound		gerund of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		ceado		ceados
		feminine		ceada		ceadas
present participle				ceante		ceantes
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	ceio¹, ceo²	ceias¹, ceas²	ceia¹, cea²	ceamos	ceades	ceian
	imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceavamos, ceávamos	ceavades, ceávades	ceavan
	preterite	ceei	ceaste, ceasche, ceache	ceou	ceamos	ceastes	cearon
	pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	cearamos, ceáramos	cearades, ceárades	cearan
	future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	cearedes	cearán
	conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	ceariamos, cearíamos	ceariades, cearíades	cearian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	present imperfect	imperfect of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	pluperfect	simple pluperfect of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	ceie¹, cee²	ceies¹, cees²	ceie¹, cee²	ceemos	ceedes	ceien
	preterite	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceássedes	ceassen
	future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	pluperfect	preterite subjunctive of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver¹ or tẽer² + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	ceia¹, cea²	ceie¹, cee²	ceemos	ceade	—
negative		—	non ceies¹, non cees²	non ceie¹, non cee²	non ceemos	non ceedes	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
personal infinitive		cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearen
¹ Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. ² Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese cẽar, from Latin cēnāre (“to dine”). Cognate with Galician cear, Spanish cenar and Italian cenare.

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(h)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /seˈa(ɾ)/, /siˈa(ɾ)/ [sɪˈa(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /seˈa(ʁ)/ [seˈa(χ)], /siˈa(ʁ)/ [sɪˈa(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈsja(ʁ)/ [ˈsja(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈa(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsjaɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈsja.ɾi/

Homophones: ciar (Portugal), siar (Portugal)
Hyphenation: ce‧ar

Verb

cear (first-person singular present ceio, first-person singular preterite ceei, past participle ceado)

to have supper
to dine

Conjugation

Conjugation of cear (e becomes ei when stressed) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	cear
Personal	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Gerund
	ceando
Past participle
Masculine	ceado			ceados
Feminine	ceada			ceadas
Indicative
Present	ceio	ceias	ceia	ceamos	ceais	ceiam
Imperfect	ceava	ceavas	ceava	ceávamos	ceáveis	ceavam
Preterite	ceei	ceaste	ceou	ceamos¹, ceámos²	ceastes	cearam
Pluperfect	ceara	cearas	ceara	ceáramos	ceáreis	cearam
Future	cearei	cearás	ceará	cearemos	ceareis	cearão
Conditional	cearia	cearias	cearia	cearíamos	cearíeis	ceariam
Subjunctive
Present	ceie	ceies	ceie	ceemos	ceeis	ceiem
Imperfect	ceasse	ceasses	ceasse	ceássemos	ceásseis	ceassem
Future	cear	ceares	cear	cearmos	ceardes	cearem
Imperative
Affirmative		ceia	ceie	ceemos	ceai	ceiem
Negative (não)		não ceies	não ceie	não ceemos	não ceeis	não ceiem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

ceia

[1] Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “ciar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

[1]

cear

Contents

Galician

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Old Galician-Portuguese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Verb

Conjugation

Descendants

Further reading

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Portuguese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms