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Wiktionary

abnormal

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From ab- +‎ normal. First attested in 1835, replacing the earlier anormal and even earlier abnormous,[1] from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either (ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”)),[2] or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos).[3]

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (US):(file)
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈæbˌnɔɹ.ml̩/, /əbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/
  • Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)məl

Adjective

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abnormal (comparative more abnormal, superlative most abnormal)

  1. Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.][4]
    • 1899, Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter 6, in A Duet:
      And then after an abnormal meal, which was either a very late breakfast or a very early lunch, they drove on to Victoria Station.
  2. Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.][4]
    • 1904, Jack London, chapter 23, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:
      Furuseth was right; I was abnormal, an "emotionless monster," a strange bookish creature, capable of pleasuring in sensations only of the mind.
    • 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 161:
      Many of the so-called rites of these secret societies were so patently ridiculous, that it is quite obvious that they were merely an excuse for men and women to indulge in sex-play and lustful gratification, frequently of an abnormal kind.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Cebuano: abnormal
  • Norwegian Bokmål: abnormal
  • Tagalog: abnormal

Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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abnormal (plural abnormals)

  1. A person or object that is not normal.

References

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  1. ^ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 3
  2. ^ Morris, William, editor (1969), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., published 1971, →ISBN, page 3
  3. ^ Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abnormal”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 3.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abnormal”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 6.

Cebuano

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English abnormal.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal

Adjective

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abnormal

  1. abnormal; deviating from the usual or normal type
  2. retarded (having mental retardation)
  3. stupid (lacking in intelligence)

Noun

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abnormal

  1. retard
  2. stupid person

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, see Citations:abnormal.

Derived terms

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German

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Etymology

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Related to Latin ab- and normal

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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abnormal (strong nominative masculine singular abnormaler, comparative abnormaler, superlative am abnormalsten)

  1. abnormal

Declension

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Positive forms of abnormal
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist abnormal sie ist abnormal es ist abnormal sie sind abnormal
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative abnormaler abnormale abnormales abnormale
genitive abnormalen abnormaler abnormalen abnormaler
dative abnormalem abnormaler abnormalem abnormalen
accusative abnormalen abnormale abnormales abnormale
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der abnormale die abnormale das abnormale die abnormalen
genitive des abnormalen der abnormalen des abnormalen der abnormalen
dative dem abnormalen der abnormalen dem abnormalen den abnormalen
accusative den abnormalen die abnormale das abnormale die abnormalen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein abnormaler eine abnormale ein abnormales (keine) abnormalen
genitive eines abnormalen einer abnormalen eines abnormalen (keiner) abnormalen
dative einem abnormalen einer abnormalen einem abnormalen (keinen) abnormalen
accusative einen abnormalen eine abnormale ein abnormales (keine) abnormalen
Comparative forms of abnormal
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist abnormaler sie ist abnormaler es ist abnormaler sie sind abnormaler
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative abnormalerer abnormalere abnormaleres abnormalere
genitive abnormaleren abnormalerer abnormaleren abnormalerer
dative abnormalerem abnormalerer abnormalerem abnormaleren
accusative abnormaleren abnormalere abnormaleres abnormalere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der abnormalere die abnormalere das abnormalere die abnormaleren
genitive des abnormaleren der abnormaleren des abnormaleren der abnormaleren
dative dem abnormaleren der abnormaleren dem abnormaleren den abnormaleren
accusative den abnormaleren die abnormalere das abnormalere die abnormaleren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein abnormalerer eine abnormalere ein abnormaleres (keine) abnormaleren
genitive eines abnormaleren einer abnormaleren eines abnormaleren (keiner) abnormaleren
dative einem abnormaleren einer abnormaleren einem abnormaleren (keinen) abnormaleren
accusative einen abnormaleren eine abnormalere ein abnormaleres (keine) abnormaleren
Superlative forms of abnormal
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am abnormalsten sie ist am abnormalsten es ist am abnormalsten sie sind am abnormalsten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative abnormalster abnormalste abnormalstes abnormalste
genitive abnormalsten abnormalster abnormalsten abnormalster
dative abnormalstem abnormalster abnormalstem abnormalsten
accusative abnormalsten abnormalste abnormalstes abnormalste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der abnormalste die abnormalste das abnormalste die abnormalsten
genitive des abnormalsten der abnormalsten des abnormalsten der abnormalsten
dative dem abnormalsten der abnormalsten dem abnormalsten den abnormalsten
accusative den abnormalsten die abnormalste das abnormalste die abnormalsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein abnormalster eine abnormalste ein abnormalstes (keine) abnormalsten
genitive eines abnormalsten einer abnormalsten eines abnormalsten (keiner) abnormalsten
dative einem abnormalsten einer abnormalsten einem abnormalsten (keinen) abnormalsten
accusative einen abnormalsten eine abnormalste ein abnormalstes (keine) abnormalsten
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Further reading

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  • “abnormal” in Duden online
  • “abnormal” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Indonesian

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Etymology

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From Dutch abnormaal, from English abnormal or German abnormal. Equivalent of ab- (“away from”) +‎ normal.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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abnormal

  1. abnormal (not conforming to rule or system)
  2. abnormal (of or pertaining to behaviour that deviates from norms)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Malay

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Etymology

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From English abnormal, from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either (ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”)), or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [əp.nɔ(r).məl], [ap.nɔ(r).mal]
  • Rhymes: -əl, -al
  • Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal

Adjective

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abnormal (Jawi spelling ابنورمل)

  1. Deviating from the usual or normal type; abnormal.

Affixations

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References

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From English abnormal, from Latin abnōrmis (“departing from normal”), from both ab- (“away from, off”), from ab (“from, away from, of”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”), and from nōrma (“norm, standard; rule, precept”) (with the suffix -is), from Etruscan, from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “examiner, carpenter's square”), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I am aware of”) (with the suffix -μων (-mōn, “I am aware of”), from Proto-Indo-European *-mō), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵiǵneh₃- (with the suffix -σκω (-skō), from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Equivalent to abnorm +‎ -al, suffix from French -al (“-al”), from Middle French, from Old French -al, from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Indo-European *-li-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /abnɔrˈmɑːl/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑːl
  • Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal

Adjective

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abnormal (neuter singular abnormalt, definite singular and plural abnormale, comparative mer abnormal, superlative mest abnormal)

  1. abnormal (not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type.)
    • 1969, Naturen:
      normale og abnormale blodceller
      normal and abnormal blood cells
    • 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter I, page 406:
      [de] abnormale mod skjønhedsideen stridende udvæxter
      [the] abnormal outgrowths contrary to the idea of beauty
    • 1967, Naturen, page 6:
      abnormalt høye varmestrømmer fra underhavene [områdene under verdenshavene]
      abnormally high heat flows from under the oceans [areas under the world's oceans]
    • 2015 February 18, scenekunst.no‎[X]:
      [han er] ikledd et absurd kontorantrekk fra 60-tallet med abnormalt høyt liv og et stripete slips
      [he is] wearing an absurd office suit from the 60's with abnormally high waist and a striped tie
    abnormal psykologi
    abnormal psychology
    Synonyms: anormal, unormal, uvanlig, usedvanlig, ualminnelig, overordentlig
    Antonyms: normal, vanlig, ordinær, gjennomsnittlig

References

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Tagalog

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English abnormal, originally as a pseudo-Hispanism as shown by ultimate stress. The correct Spanish counterpart is anormal.

Pronunciation

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  • (Standard Tagalog)
    • IPA(key): /ʔabnoɾˈmal/ [ʔɐb.n̪oɾˈmal] (common)
    • IPA(key): /ʔabˈnoɾmal/ [ʔɐbˈn̪oɾ.mɐl] (in code-switching speech)
  • Syllabification: ab‧nor‧mal

Adjective

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abnormál or abnormal (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)

  1. abnormal; irregular
    Synonyms: di-karaniwan, di-normal
  2. (vulgar, colloquial) despicably stupid; useless; expressing improper or irregular behavior

Usage notes

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  • The pronunciation /ʔabnoɾˈmal/ is the usual pronunciation attested in dictionaries and is commonly used.
  • The pronunciation /ʔabˈnoɾmal/ is commonly used in code-switching speech, especially by younger speakers.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “abnormal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
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