ak

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ak"

Translingual

Symbol

ak

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Akan.

English

ak

1. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of act.
2. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of acknowledge and related forms of that word (acknowledges, acknowledged, acknowledging, acknowledgement etc.)

Abinomn

Noun

ak (dual akrom, plural aigon)

1. egg

Ainu

Etymology 1

Possibly related to Nivkh ыкын (əkən), аӄанд (aqand, “elder brother”).

Alternative forms

• aki

Noun

ak (Kana spelling アㇰ)

1. younger brother

Etymology 2

Verb

ak (Kana spelling アㇰ)

1. to shoot with an arrow

References

• John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎^[1], Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co., page 22
• “ak （アㇰ）”, in Ainu-English Dictionary‎^[2], TranslationDirectory.com, 2023 April 25 (last accessed)

Antillean Creole

Etymology

Its usage as meaning "with" and "and" is modelled after usage of similar terms in substrate languages.[3] Its phonological form might be from French avec (“with”) or Wolof ak or both.

Conjunction

ak

1. and; connects two noun phrases.

Preposition

ak

1. with

Epigraphic Mayan

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *ahq.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔɑk/, /ʔɑhk/

Noun

ak

1. turtle

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ak/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Canada):

  (file)

Preposition

ak

1. (Quebec, informal) Pronunciation spelling of avec.

Gagauz

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (aq, “white”), from Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰀𐰴 (aq, “white”), Karakhanid ااقْ (āq, “white”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑk/

Adjective

ak (comparative daha ak, superlative en ak)

1. white

Gothic

Romanization

ak

1. Romanization of 𐌰𐌺

Haitian Creole

Etymology

Its usage as meaning "with" and "and" is modelled after usage of similar terms in substrate languages.[4] Its phonological form might be from French avec (“with”) or Wolof ak or both; in the former case, it is a doublet of avèk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ak/

Conjunction

ak

1. and; connects two noun phrases.
   • 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik‎^[5]:

     Anvwaye espesyal Etazini pou Venezuela, Elliot Abrams, ak vis-minis afè etranjè Larisi, Sergei Ryabkov, ap fè reyinyon nan vil Wòm ann Itali pou yo pale sou “sityasyon Venezuela kap agrave.”

     American Special Envoy for Venezuela Elliot Abrams and Russian Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Ryabkov are meeting in the city of Rome, Italy to speak about "the worsening situation in Venezuela."

Preposition

ak

1. with

   Synonyms: avè, avèk

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of ak – see 沃 (“fertile; rich; lush; to irrigate; to water; to soak; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 沃).

Indonesian

Alternative forms

• aq (alay)
• q (alay)

Pronoun

ak

1. (text messaging, slang) Abbreviation of aku.

Ingrian

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈɑk/, [ˈɑk]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈɑk/, [ˈɑɡ̊]
• Rhymes: -ɑk
• Hyphenation: ak

Interjection

ak

1. Alternative form of ah

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 9

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *āk.

Noun

ak

1. white

Adjective

ak

1. white

References

N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “ak”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Lacandon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Mayan *ahq.

Noun

ak

1. turtle, tortoise
2. A constellation. (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms

• chanak
• chʌk ik ak
• jach ak
• kꞌʌnak

 

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ak

1. lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

References

• Baer, Phillip, Baer, Mary, Chan Kꞌin, Manuel, Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018) Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 51)‎^[6] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 3–4

Latvian

Etymology

Borrowed from German ach (“oh”). In 16th- and 17th-century literature, o or oh was often used in this sense. In a text from 1638, German ach is translated as ok, which points to a borrowing from Russian ох (ox). The from ak, from German, was introduced in the 17th-18th century.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Riga):

  (file)

Interjection

ak

1. used to indicate various feelings: joy, excitement, fear, distress; oh! ah!

   ak, cik lieliski! ― oh! how great!

   ak, kāda laime! ― oh, such happiness!

   ak, kas par prieku! ― oh, what joy!

   ak, kā patīk! ― oh, how pleasant!

   ak, briesmas! ― oh! danger!

   ak, brīvība! tā ir vitamīns, kas dzelzij un akmenim cauri ēdas ― ah! freedom! that is a vitamin that eats through stone and iron

   vai tu viņus atradi? ak, mani bērni, mani bērniņi! ― have you found them? oh, my children, my (poor) little children!

   “matemātika”, zēns bubina un izņem grāmatu... ak vai, ak vai, un visi citi jau guļ! ― “mathematics,” the boy whispered and took the book... oh, oh (= poor me!), and all others are already sleeping (but I must study)!

2. used to express certain mental states — e.g., surprise, disappointment, disapproval — in an emotional but also intelligent, perceptive way; ah! oh!

   ak, ko es redzu! ― ah! what do I see (here)!

   ak, kas par godu! ― ah! what an honor!

   ak, kā jāstrādā! ― oh! what should be done?

   ak, kaut es dabūtu! ― ah! if only I could get (that)!

   ak, tas tikai sīkums! ― oh, that's just a trifle

   ak, vasara, vasara, kā tu vari mulsināt jaunu meiču sirdis! ― ah! summer, summer, how you can confuse young girls' hearts!

3. (often in combination with the pronoun tu (“you”)) used to reinforce an interjection by either literally or metaphorically attributing some characteristic to the hearer; (ah,) you ... ! you ... ! oh ...!

   ak (tu) neprāts! ― ah, you crazy one!

   ak tu palaidnis tāds! ― (ah,) you rascal!

   ak (tu) kungs! ― oh Lord!

   ak (tu) dievs! ― oh God!

   ak (tu) velns! ― oh devil!

   ak (tu) ļauna pasaule! ― oh evil world!

   nē, nē, māt, pavasarī gan grūti mirt; visas puķītes zied, putniņi dzied, ak tu jaukā pasaulīte! ― no, no, mother, it is difficult to die in spring; all the little flowers are blooming, the birds are singing, oh (you) lovely world!

   “ak tu mūžs, kas te to zvēru!” māte iesaucās, redzot pēdas sniegā ― “ah life, what wild beast is that!” the mother exclaimed, seeing tracks in the snow

Particle

ak

1. used to give an interjectional flavor to an utterance, especially when expressing surprise; oh!

   ak tu tas esi! ― oh! that's you!

   ak tad tā! ― oh, it's like that, then!

   ak paspēji gan! ― oh, you did it!

   ak tāds tu esi! ― oh, that's what you're like!

   ak jā! ak nē! ak tā! ― oh, yes! oh, no! oh!... (expressions used when suddenly remembering something)

   ak jā, gandrīz būtu piemirsis: labasdienas, māt, no Līzes ― oh yes, I had almost forgotten: greetings, mother, from Līze

   “ak tad tur tā vaina!” Ozols beidzot saprata ― “ooh, there then is the blame (= problem)!” Ozols finally understood

Marshallese

Pronunciation

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [ɑk]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /ɰæk/
• Bender phonemes: {hak}

Conjunction

ak

1. but
2. or

Preposition

ak

1. but

Noun

ak

1. frigatebird

References

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *auk, from Proto-Germanic *auk. Cognates include Old English ēac, Old Saxon ōk and Old Dutch ōk.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːk/

Adverb

āk

1. also, too

Descendants

• North Frisian:

  Föhr-Amrum: uk

• Saterland Frisian: uk, ook
• West Frisian: ek

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ak. Cognate with Old English ac, Gothic 𐌰𐌺 (ak), Old High German oh.

Conjunction

ak

1. but

Palauan

Etymology

From Pre-Palauan *aku, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)aku, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)aku.

Pronoun

ak

1. I (non-emphatic)

Pumpokol

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaq-ɔt- (“to sleep”).

Verb

ak

1. to lie down

Related terms

• xotɨk

Slovak

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ak/

Conjunction

ak

1. if

Further reading

• “ak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Southeastern Tepehuan

Etymology

Cognate with Northern Tepehuan áki, O'odham ʼakĭ.

Noun

ak (plural aꞌak)

1. arroyo

Derived terms

• akkɨꞌn
• gɇꞌ ak

References

• R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎^[7] (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 6

Sumerian

Romanization

ak

1. Romanization of 𒀝 (ak)

Swedish

Alternative forms

• aq

Noun

ak

1. Abbreviation of akademisk kvart.
2. Abbreviation of automatkarbin.

Anagrams

• k:a

Tarifit

Alternative forms

• aked, ked, ag, ig

Preposition

ak (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⴽ)

1. with, alongside (in company of)
2. against (in opposition to)

   Fransa itirar ak Uliman

   France is playing against Germany.

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Tocharian *ëk, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ókʷs, from *h₃okʷ- (“to see”) + the noun-forming ending *-s. Compare Tocharian B ek.

Noun

ak ?

1. eye

Related terms

• aśäṃ

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑk/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish آق (ak, “white”), from Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰀𐰴 (aq, “white”), Karakhanid ااقْ (āq, “white”).

Adjective

ak

1. white

   Synonym: beyaz

   Antonyms: kara, siyah

2. (figuratively) clean
3. (figuratively) honest
4. (figuratively) comfortable
5. (archaic) west

Declension

predicative forms of ak

present tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I am)	akım	ak mıyım?	ak değilim	ak değil miyim?
sen (you are)	aksın	ak mısın?	ak değilsin	ak değil misin?
o (he/she/it is)	ak / aktır	ak mı?	ak değil	ak değil mi?
biz (we are)	akız	ak mıyız?	ak değiliz	ak değil miyiz?
siz (you are)	aksınız	ak mısınız?	ak değilsiniz	ak değil misiniz?
onlar (they are)	ak(lar)	ak(lar) mı?	ak değil(ler)	ak değiller mi?
past tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	aktım	ak mıydım?	ak değildim	ak değil miydim?
sen (you were)	aktın	ak mıydın?	ak değildin	ak değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was)	aktı	ak mıydı?	ak değildi	ak değil miydi?
biz (we were)	aktık	ak mıydık?	ak değildik	ak değil miydik?
siz (you were)	aktınız	ak mıydınız?	ak değildiniz	ak değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were)	aktılar	ak mıydılar?	ak değildi(ler) / değillerdi	ak değil miydiler?
indirect past
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	akmışım	ak mıymışım?	ak değilmişim	ak değil miymişim?
sen (you were)	akmışsın	ak mıymışsın?	ak değilmişsin	ak değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was)	akmış	ak mıymış?	ak değilmiş	ak değil miymiş?
biz (we were)	akmışız	ak mıymışız?	ak değilmişiz	ak değil miymişiz?
siz (you were)	akmışsınız	ak mıymışsınız?	ak değilmişsiniz	ak değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were)	akmışlar	ak mıymışlar?	ak değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş	ak değil miymişler?
conditional
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (if I)	aksam	ak mıysam?	ak değilsem	ak değil miysem?
sen (if you)	aksan	ak mıysan?	ak değilsen	ak değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it)	aksa	ak mıysa?	ak değilse	ak değil miyse?
biz (if we)	aksak	ak mıysak?	ak değilsek	ak değil miysek?
siz (if you)	aksanız	ak mıysanız?	ak değilseniz	ak değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they)	aksalar	ak mıysalar?	ak değilseler / değillerse	ak değil miyseler?

Noun

ak (definite accusative akı, plural aklar)

1. white

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	ak
Definite accusative	akı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ak	aklar
Definite accusative	akı	akları
Dative	aka	aklara
Locative	akta	aklarda
Ablative	aktan	aklardan
Genitive	akın	akların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular akım aklarım 2nd singular akın akların 3rd singular akı akları 1st plural akımız aklarımız 2nd plural akınız aklarınız 3rd plural akları akları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular akımı aklarımı 2nd singular akını aklarını 3rd singular akını aklarını 1st plural akımızı aklarımızı 2nd plural akınızı aklarınızı 3rd plural aklarını aklarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular akıma aklarıma 2nd singular akına aklarına 3rd singular akına aklarına 1st plural akımıza aklarımıza 2nd plural akınıza aklarınıza 3rd plural aklarına aklarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular akımda aklarımda 2nd singular akında aklarında 3rd singular akında aklarında 1st plural akımızda aklarımızda 2nd plural akınızda aklarınızda 3rd plural aklarında aklarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular akımdan aklarımdan 2nd singular akından aklarından 3rd singular akından aklarından 1st plural akımızdan aklarımızdan 2nd plural akınızdan aklarınızdan 3rd plural aklarından aklarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular akımın aklarımın 2nd singular akının aklarının 3rd singular akının aklarının 1st plural akımızın aklarımızın 2nd plural akınızın aklarınızın 3rd plural aklarının aklarının

Coordinate terms

• (compass points)

kuzeybatı	kuzey şimal kara	kuzeydoğu
batı garp ak		doğu şark gök
güneybatı	güney cenup kızıl	güneydoğu

See also

Colors in Turkish · renkler (layout · text)

beyaz, ak	gri, boz	siyah, kara
kırmızı, kızıl; al	turuncu; kahverengi, konur, boz	sarı; bej
limon çürüğü	yeşil	nane yeşili
camgöbeği; turkuaz	gök, mavi	lacivert
eflatun; mor	pembe; mor	yavruağzı

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ak

1. second-person singular imperative of akmak

Further reading

• ak in Reverso (Turkish-English)

Turkmen

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *āk (“white”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aːk/

Adjective

ak (comparative akrak, superlative iň ak)

1. white

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *akka.

Noun

ak

1. (old) woman

Inflection

Inflection of ak (inflection type 5/sana)
nominative sing.	ak
genitive sing.	akan
partitive sing.	akad
partitive plur.	akoid
	singular	plural
nominative	ak	akad
accusative	akan	akad
genitive	akan	akoiden
partitive	akad	akoid
essive-instructive	akan	akoin
translative	akaks	akoikš
inessive	akas	akoiš
elative	akaspäi	akoišpäi
illative	akaha	akoihe
adessive	akal	akoil
ablative	akalpäi	akoilpäi
allative	akale	akoile
abessive	akata	akoita
comitative	akanke	akoidenke
prolative	akadme	akoidme
approximative I	akanno	akoidenno
approximative II	akannoks	akoidennoks
egressive	akannopäi	akoidennopäi
terminative I	akahasai	akoihesai
terminative II	akalesai	akoilesai
terminative III	akassai	—
additive I	akahapäi	akoihepäi
additive II	akalepäi	akoilepäi

References

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “баба, жена, старуха”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[8], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Wolof

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Conjunction

ak

1. and, used between nouns
2. with

See also

• té
• di