dara

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dara"

Languages (31)

Bikol Central • Crimean Tatar • Dharug • Hungarian • Iban • Ilocano • Indonesian • Interlingua • Irish • Javanese • Kapampangan • Khalaj • Latvian • Malay • Maltese • Maranao • Narua • Nupe • Old Irish • Old Javanese • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Shelta • Swahili • Tagalog • Taroko • Turkish • Wanyi • Wolof • Yoruba

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Page categories

Bikol Central

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit धरति (dharati, “to hold”) with the root धृ (dhṛ) but without the -ति (-ti) suffix, from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dʰárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰárati with the root *dʰar-, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰér-e-ti, thematic present of *dʰer- (“to hold”). Compare Tagalog dala, Cebuano dala, Kapampangan dala, Assamese ধৰা (dhora), Bengali ধরা (dhora), Odia ଧରିବା (dharibā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /daˈɾa/ [d̪aˈɾa]
• Hyphenation: da‧ra

Verb

dará (plural darara, Basahan spelling ᜇᜍ)

1. to bring
2. to be swayed (by other's opinion)
3. (by extension) to carry

   Synonyms: bitbit, karga

Derived terms

• darahon
• madara
• magdara
• makadara
• padara

 

Crimean Tatar

Noun

dara

1. tare

Declension

Declension of dara

nominative	dara
genitive	daranıñ
dative	darağa
accusative	daranı
locative	darada
ablative	daradan

Dharug

Noun

dara

1. tooth

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from a Turkic language. Compare Turkish darı.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdɒrɒ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: da‧ra
• Rhymes: -rɒ

Noun

dara (usually uncountable, plural darák)

1. grits (hulled and coarsely ground grain)
2. (weather) sleet, ice pellets

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	dara	darák
accusative	darát	darákat
dative	darának	daráknak
instrumental	darával	darákkal
causal-final	daráért	darákért
translative	darává	darákká
terminative	daráig	darákig
essive-formal	daraként	darákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	darában	darákban
superessive	darán	darákon
adessive	daránál	daráknál
illative	darába	darákba
sublative	darára	darákra
allative	darához	darákhoz
elative	darából	darákból
delative	daráról	darákról
ablative	darától	daráktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	daráé	daráké
non-attributive possessive - plural	daráéi	darákéi

Possessive forms of dara
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	darám	daráim
2nd person sing.	darád	daráid
3rd person sing.	darája	darái
1st person plural	daránk	daráink
2nd person plural	darátok	daráitok
3rd person plural	darájuk	daráik

Derived terms

• darál

 

Compound words

• árpadara
• búzadara
• kukoricadara

 

Further reading

• dara in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• dara in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdara]
• Hyphenation: da‧ra

Noun

dara

1. maiden, virgin
2. virginity

Ilocano

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq; cognate with Indonesian darah, Malagasy ra, Nauruan ara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /daˈɾa/ [dɐˈɾa]
• Hyphenation: da‧ra

Noun

dará (Kur-itan spelling ᜇᜎ)

1. blood

Derived terms

• dinardaraan

 

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdara]
• Hyphenation: da‧ra

Etymology 1

From Malay dara, from Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Compare Tagalog dalaga.

Noun

dara (first-person possessive daraku, second-person possessive daramu, third-person possessive daranya)

1. maiden, virgin
2. virginity
3. female cattle that are more than one year old and have never given birth even though they are pregnant

Derived terms

• perdaraan

 

Etymology 2

From Malay dara, possibly from Old Javanese dara, darā.

Noun

dara (first-person possessive daraku, second-person possessive daramu, third-person possessive daranya)

1. pigeon (Columba domestica).

   Synonym: merpati

Further reading

• “dara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Verb

dara

1. future of dar

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ˠɑɾˠə/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ˠaɾˠə/

Etymology 1

Irish numbers ^(edit)

	20
[a], [b] ←  1	2	3  →
Cardinal: dó     Ordinal: dara, dóú     Personal: beirt, dís     Attributive: dhá

From Old Irish indala, from ind (“the”) + aile (“second, other”), from Proto-Celtic *alyos (compare Welsh ail), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (compare Latin alius, Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis)).

Alternative forms

• darna
• tarna (Munster)

Numeral

dara (triggers h-prothesis)

1. second

   an dara haois ― the second century

   • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, volume II (overall work in German), Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 54:

     caiŕə n darə ūntū ŕ hȳv nə l̄āvə ḱlī.

     [Teighre an dara hiontú ar thaoibh na láimhe clí.]

     Take the second turn on the left-hand side.

     (literally, “Go…”)

Derived terms

• gach dara

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

dara

1. genitive singular of dair (“oak”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
dara	dhara	ndara
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Javanese

Romanization

dara

1. Romanization of ꦢꦫ

Kapampangan

Noun

dara

1. aunt

Khalaj

Perso-Arabic		دَره

Alternative forms

• dərə

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian دره (dare).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [daɾa], [dæ̞ɾa], [dæɾa]
• (Talxâbî, Xarrâbî) IPA^(key): [daɾa]

Noun

dara (definite accusative darañ, plural daralar)

1. valley
2. gorge, ravine, canyon

Declension

Declension of dara

	singular	plural
nominative	dara	daralar
genitive	darañ	daralarııñ
dative	daraqa	daralarqa
definite accusative	darañ	daraları
locative	daraça	daralarça
ablative	darada	daralarda
instrumental	darala	daralarla
equative	daravâra	daralarvâra

References

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1988) Grammatik des Chaladsch [Grammar of Khalaj] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, →OCLC

Latvian

Verb

dara

1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of darīt
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of darīt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of darīt

Malay

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dara/
• Rhymes: -ara, -ra, -a

• Audio (Malaysia):

  (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Malayic *dara, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀa (“maiden, virgin, unmarried girl”). Compare Tagalog dalaga.

Noun

dara (Jawi spelling دارا, informal 1st possessive daraku, 2nd possessive daramu, 3rd possessive daranya)

1. maiden, virgin

   Synonyms: gadis, perawan

2. virginity

   Synonym: keperawanan

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• kedaraan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• perdaraan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• anak dara
• nyiur dara

Descendants

• Indonesian: dara

Etymology 2

Possibly from Old Javanese dara, darā. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

dara (Jawi spelling دارا)

1. pigeon (Columba domestica)

   Synonym: merpati

Descendants

• Indonesian: dara

Further reading

• “dara” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Maltese

Root
d-r-w
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic دَرَى (darā, “to know”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈda.ra/

Verb

dara (imperfect jidra)

1. to get used to (adapt to something new, make it customary)
2. to become acquainted with (learn the basics of something new)

Conjugation

Conjugation of dara
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
perfect	m	drajt	drajt	dara		drajna	drajtu	draw
	f			drat
imperfect	m	nidra	tidra	jidra		nidraw	tidraw	jidraw
	f			tidra
imperative			idra				idraw

Maranao

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq. Compare Ilocano dara, Pangasinan dala, Indonesian darah, Malagasy ra, Nauruan ara.

Noun

dara

1. blood

   Synonym: rogo'

References

• A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Narua

Noun

dara

1. winter

Nupe

Dará

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dā.ɾá/

Noun

dará (plural darázhì)

1. tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica)

   Synonym: daráci

References

• Roger Blench, Nupe Plants and Trees Their Names and Uses (2008)

Old Irish

Etymology

Univerbation of tar (“over, across”) +‎ a (“his, her, its, their”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdara]

Determiner

dara (triggers lenition in the meaning “his, its”, h-prothesis in the meaning “her”, and nasalization in the meaning “their”)

1. over/across his/her/its/their

Old Javanese

Other scripts
Kawi
Javanese	ꦢꦫ
Balinese
Roman	dara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪a.ra/
• Rhymes: -ra
• Homophones: dara, darā, dāra, ḍara, dhara
• Hyphenation: da‧ra

Noun

dara

1. Alternative spelling of darā (“pigeon; dove”)

References

• "dara" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طاره (dara).

Noun

dara f (plural darale)

1. tare (empty weight of a container)

Declension

Declension of dara

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(o) dara	daraua	(niște) {{{pl}}}	{{{pl}}}le
genitive/dative	(unei) {{{pl}}}	{{{pl}}}i	(unor) {{{pl}}}	{{{pl}}}lor
vocative	—		—

Scottish Gaelic

Scottish Gaelic numbers ^(edit)

	20
←  1	2	3  → [a], [b], [c]
Cardinal: dà     Standalone: a dhà     Ordinal: dàrna, dara     Ordinal abbreviation: 2na, 2ra     Personal: dithis     Multiplier: dà-fhillte, dùbailte     Fractional: leth

Alternative forms

• dàrna

Etymology

From Old Irish indala, from ind (“the”) + aile (“second, other”), from Proto-Celtic *alyos (compare Welsh ail), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (compare Latin alius, Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌹𐍃 (aljis)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt̪aɾˠə/

Numeral

dara

1. second

Derived terms

• an dara cuid
• an dara pearsa

Related terms

• dà

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

dara (Cyrillic spelling дара)

1. genitive singular of dar

Shelta

Etymology

Reversed and modified from the Irish arán.

Noun

dara

1. bread

References

• Language in Danger Andrew Dalby, 2003

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-dara (infinitive kudara)

1. to touch

Conjugation

Conjugation of -dara
Positive present -nadara Subjunctive -dare Negative -dari Imperative singular dara
Infinitives
Positive kudara Negative kutodara
Imperatives
Singular dara Plural dareni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudara Positive past positive subject concord + -lidara Negative past negative subject concord + -kudara
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadara) Singular Plural 1st person ninadara/nadara tunadara 2nd person unadara mnadara 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadara wanadara other classes positive subject concord + -nadara
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dari) Singular Plural 1st person sidari hatudari 2nd person hudari hamdari 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadari hawadari other classes negative subject concord + -dari
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadara Negative future negative subject concord + -tadara
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dare) Singular Plural 1st person nidare tudare 2nd person udare mdare 3rd person m-wa(I/II) adare wadare other classes positive subject concord + -dare
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidare Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedara Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedara Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidara Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidara
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adara) Singular Plural 1st person nadara twadara 2nd person wadara mwadara 3rd person m-wa(I/II) adara wadara m-mi(III/IV) wadara yadara ji-ma(V/VI) ladara yadara ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadara vyadara n(IX/X) yadara zadara u(XI) wadara see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwadara pa(XVI) padara mu(XVIII) mwadara
Perfect positive subject concord + -medara "Already" positive subject concord + -meshadara "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadara "If/When" positive subject concord + -kidara "If not" positive subject concord + -sipodara Consecutive kadara / positive subject concord + -kadara Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadare
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nidara -tudara 2nd person -kudara -wadara/-kudareni/-wadareni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdara -wadara m-mi(III/IV) -udara -idara ji-ma(V/VI) -lidara -yadara ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidara -vidara n(IX/X) -idara -zidara u(XI) -udara see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kudara pa(XVI) -padara mu(XVIII) -mudara Reflexive -jidara
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dara- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -daraye -darao m-mi(III/IV) -darao -darayo ji-ma(V/VI) -daralo -darayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -daracho -daravyo n(IX/X) -darayo -darazo u(XI) -darao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -darako pa(XVI) -darapo mu(XVIII) -daramo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dara) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yedara -odara m-mi(III/IV) -odara -yodara ji-ma(V/VI) -lodara -yodara ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodara -vyodara n(IX/X) -yodara -zodara u(XI) -odara see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kodara pa(XVI) -podara mu(XVIII) -modara
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Reciprocal: -darana (“to touch each other”)

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /daˈɾa/ [d̪ɐˈɾa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: da‧ra

Noun

dará (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ)

1. angry shout (usually accompanied with the stamping of feet)
2. (obsolete) act of speaking a lot

Derived terms

• darahan
• dumara
• magdara
• magdarahan
• mandara
• palarara

 

See also

• dabog
• dada
• darag
• hiyaw
• kara
• sigaw

 

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈdaɾaʔ/ [ˈd̪aː.ɾɐʔ]
• Rhymes: -aɾaʔ
• Syllabification: da‧ra

Noun

darà (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ) (obsolete)

1. argument through words

Derived terms

• ipagdara
• kadara
• magdara
• magkadara
• magpaladara
• makidara
• mapagdara
• mapagpadara
• padaraan
• pagdaraan
• pagkadara
• pakidaraan
• paladara

 

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈdaɾa/ [ˈd̪aː.ɾɐ]
• Rhymes: -aɾa
• Syllabification: da‧ra

Noun

dara (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ) (obsolete)

1. rushing someone by yelling

Derived terms

• darahan
• dumara

 

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /daˈɾaʔ/ [d̪ɐˈɾaʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ
• Syllabification: da‧ra

Noun

darâ (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜇ) (obsolete)

1. name of the Baybayin letter ᜇ, corresponding to "da" or "ra"

See also

• da
• ra

 

Further reading

• “dara”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[1] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎^[2], La Noble Villa de Pila
  • page 211: “D) Dara (pc) anſi llaman eſtos [a la] D .|. dara yaon .|. ᜇ . Confunden la en la pronunciaçion q̃ ni ſe ſabe ſi es .d. o ſi es .r. y en la eſcritura eſpañola ya la escriuen con .d. ya con .r. la regla ſea q̃ ſi la raiz tiene dos .rr. la primera ſea .d. y la ſegunda .r. vi. darang, d.r, diril, durug . &c.”
  • page 526: “Reñir) Dara (pp) de palabra ſin manos”
  • page 532: “Riña) Dara (pp) de palabra [y no] de manos”

Taroko

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

Noun

dara

1. blood
2. menstrual blood

Turkish

Noun

dara (definite accusative darayı, plural daralar)

1. tare

Wanyi

Noun

dara

1. dog

   daramukunu — there are many dogs around

References

• Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)

Wolof

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

dara

1. nothing

Yoruba

Etymology 1

From dá (“to be good”) +‎ ara (“body”).

Alternative forms

• dáa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dá.ɾā/

Verb

dára

1. to be good, fine, fair

   Kò dára kí a máa gbàgbé àṣà wa. ― It's not good for us to forget our culture.

Derived terms

• dáradára, dáadáa (“well”)

Etymology 2

From dá (“to create”) +‎ àrà (“marvel; wonder”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dá.ɾà/

Verb

dárà

1. to perform tricks
2. to embellish; to decorate

   Tẹ́lẹ̀, mo máa ń dárà sí ilé. ― Before, I used to decorate homes.