energia

See also: energía and energią

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ə.nərˈʒi.ə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [e.neɾˈd͡ʒi.a]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ia

Noun

energia f (plural energies)

1. (physics) energy, the capacity to do work.
2. the capacity to move (said of a person or animal).
3. the capacity to cause an effect (said of a remedy).

Derived terms

• energia cinètica

Related terms

• energètic
• enèrgic

Further reading

• “energia” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “energia”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “energia” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “energia” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Esperanto

Etymology

From energio +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [enerˈɡia]
• Rhymes: -ia
• Hyphenation: e‧ner‧gi‧a

Adjective

energia (accusative singular energian, plural energiaj, accusative plural energiajn)

1. energetic

Estonian

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eˈnerɡ̊iɑ̯/, [eˈnerɡ̊iɑ̯]

Noun

energia (genitive energia, partitive energiat)

1. energy

Declension

Declension of energia (ÕS type 1/ohutu, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		energia	energiad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	energia
genitive			energiate
partitive		energiat	energiaid
illative		energiasse	energiatesse energiaisse
inessive		energias	energiates energiais
elative		energiast	energiatest energiaist
allative		energiale	energiatele energiaile
adessive		energial	energiatel energiail
ablative		energialt	energiatelt energiailt
translative		energiaks	energiateks energiaiks
terminative		energiani	energiateni
essive		energiana	energiatena
abessive		energiata	energiateta
comitative		energiaga	energiatega

Derived terms

• elektrienergia

Further reading

• “energia”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
• “energia”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “energia”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• energia in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Finnish

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈenerɡiɑ/, [ˈe̞ne̞rˌɡiɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -iɑ
• Syllabification^(key): e‧ner‧gi‧a

Noun

energia

1. (physics) energy (impetus behind activity; ability to do work)

   Synonym: (archaic) tarmo

2. (figuratively) energy, vigour

   Synonyms: tarmo, puhti, potku, eloisuus

3. (games) energy

Declension

Inflection of energia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		energia	energiat
genitive		energian	energioiden energioitten
partitive		energiaa	energioita
illative		energiaan	energioihin
		singular	plural
nominative		energia	energiat
accusative	nom.	energia	energiat
	gen.	energian
genitive		energian	energioiden energioitten energiain rare
partitive		energiaa	energioita
inessive		energiassa	energioissa
elative		energiasta	energioista
illative		energiaan	energioihin
adessive		energialla	energioilla
ablative		energialta	energioilta
allative		energialle	energioille
essive		energiana	energioina
translative		energiaksi	energioiksi
abessive		energiatta	energioitta
instructive		—	energioin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of energia (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative energiani energiani accusative nom. energiani energiani gen. energiani genitive energiani energioideni energioitteni energiaini rare partitive energiaani energioitani inessive energiassani energioissani elative energiastani energioistani illative energiaani energioihini adessive energiallani energioillani ablative energialtani energioiltani allative energialleni energioilleni essive energianani energioinani translative energiakseni energioikseni abessive energiattani energioittani instructive — — comitative — energioineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative energiasi energiasi accusative nom. energiasi energiasi gen. energiasi genitive energiasi energioidesi energioittesi energiaisi rare partitive energiaasi energioitasi inessive energiassasi energioissasi elative energiastasi energioistasi illative energiaasi energioihisi adessive energiallasi energioillasi ablative energialtasi energioiltasi allative energiallesi energioillesi essive energianasi energioinasi translative energiaksesi energioiksesi abessive energiattasi energioittasi instructive — — comitative — energioinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative energiamme energiamme accusative nom. energiamme energiamme gen. energiamme genitive energiamme energioidemme energioittemme energiaimme rare partitive energiaamme energioitamme inessive energiassamme energioissamme elative energiastamme energioistamme illative energiaamme energioihimme adessive energiallamme energioillamme ablative energialtamme energioiltamme allative energiallemme energioillemme essive energianamme energioinamme translative energiaksemme energioiksemme abessive energiattamme energioittamme instructive — — comitative — energioinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative energianne energianne accusative nom. energianne energianne gen. energianne genitive energianne energioidenne energioittenne energiainne rare partitive energiaanne energioitanne inessive energiassanne energioissanne elative energiastanne energioistanne illative energiaanne energioihinne adessive energiallanne energioillanne ablative energialtanne energioiltanne allative energiallenne energioillenne essive energiananne energioinanne translative energiaksenne energioiksenne abessive energiattanne energioittanne instructive — — comitative — energioinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative energiansa energiansa accusative nom. energiansa energiansa gen. energiansa genitive energiansa energioidensa energioittensa energiainsa rare partitive energiaansa energioitaan energioitansa inessive energiassaan energiassansa energioissaan energioissansa elative energiastaan energiastansa energioistaan energioistansa illative energiaansa energioihinsa adessive energiallaan energiallansa energioillaan energioillansa ablative energialtaan energialtansa energioiltaan energioiltansa allative energialleen energiallensa energioilleen energioillensa essive energianaan energianansa energioinaan energioinansa translative energiakseen energiaksensa energioikseen energioiksensa abessive energiattaan energiattansa energioittaan energioittansa instructive — — comitative — energioineen energioinensa

Derived terms

• -energiainen
• energinen

 

compounds

• aaltoenergia
• aktivointienergia
• aktivoitumisenergia
• asemaenergia
• atomienergia
• aurinkoenergia
• bioenergia
• delokalisaatioenergia
• dissosiaatioenergia
• ekoenergia
• energia-ala
• energia-avustus
• energiahoitaja
• energiahoito
• energiahuolto
• energiahyötykäyttö
• energiahäviö
• energiaintegraali
• energiaintensiivinen
• energiajae
• energiajuoma
• energiajäte
• energiakasvi
• energiakomissaari
• energiakriisi
• energiakustannus
• energiakäyttö
• energialaitos
• energialaji
• energialähde
• energiamerkintä
• energiamerkki
• energiametsä
• energiamittari
• energian häviämättömyyden laki
• energian säilymisen laki
• energianeuvos
• energianhallinta
• energianhinta
• energianhukka
• energianhäviö
• energiankulutus
• energianlähde
• energianpuute
• energiansiirto
• energiansäästö
• energiansäästölamppu
• energiantarve
• energiantuotanto
• energiantuotantolaitos
• energiaomavaraisuus
• energiapaju
• energiapakkaus
• energiapalkki
• energiapatukka
• energiapitoinen
• energiapolitiikka
• energiapula
• energiapuu
• energiaravintoaine
• energiaremontti
• energiasisältö
• energiasuunnittelija
• energiasuunnittelu
• energiasyöppö
• energiasääennuste
• energiatalous
• energiatase
• energiataso
• energiatehokas
• energiateknologia
• energiatiheys
• energiatila
• energiatodistus
• energiatuotanto
• energiaturvallisuus
• energiavalli
• energiavara
• energiavarasto
• energiavarmuus
• energiavero
• energiavyö
• energiayhtiö
• etenemisliikkeen energia
• hajoamisenergia
• hilaenergia
• ionisaatioenergia
• ionisoitumisenergia
• iskuenergia
• jäähdytysenergia
• kokonaisenergia
• kylmäenergia
• liike-energia
• lähtöenergia
• lämpöenergia
• matalaenergiainen
• matalaenergiatalo
• metsäenergia
• miesenergia
• naisenergia
• nollaenergiatalo
• nollapiste-energia
• passiivienergiatalo
• peltoenergia
• plusenergiatalo
• potentiaalienergia
• primäärienergia
• puuenergia
• pyörimisenergia
• rekyylienergia
• resonanssienergia
• runsasenergiainen
• sekundäärienergia
• sidosenergia
• sisäenergia
• sukupuolienergia
• suurenergiafysiikka
• suurienergiainen
• sähköenergia
• säteilyenergia
• tuulienergia
• tyhjiöenergia
• tyttöenergia
• tätienergia
• valoenergia
• viettienergia
• vuorovesienergia
• vähäenergiainen
• värähtelyenergia
• ydinenergia
• äijäenergia
• äänienergia

 

Related terms

• energinen

Further reading

• “energia”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

Hungarian

Etymology

First attested in 1627. Borrowed from Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛnɛrɡijɒ]
• Hyphenation: ener‧gia
• Rhymes: -jɒ

Noun

energia (plural energiák)

1. (physics) energy (the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object)
2. (figuratively) energy (the capacity to do work)

   Synonyms: akaraterő, tetterő, szívósság, erély, lendület

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	energia	energiák
accusative	energiát	energiákat
dative	energiának	energiáknak
instrumental	energiával	energiákkal
causal-final	energiáért	energiákért
translative	energiává	energiákká
terminative	energiáig	energiákig
essive-formal	energiaként	energiákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	energiában	energiákban
superessive	energián	energiákon
adessive	energiánál	energiáknál
illative	energiába	energiákba
sublative	energiára	energiákra
allative	energiához	energiákhoz
elative	energiából	energiákból
delative	energiáról	energiákról
ablative	energiától	energiáktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	energiáé	energiáké
non-attributive possessive - plural	energiáéi	energiákéi

Possessive forms of energia
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	energiám	energiáim
2nd person sing.	energiád	energiáid
3rd person sing.	energiája	energiái
1st person plural	energiánk	energiáink
2nd person plural	energiátok	energiáitok
3rd person plural	energiájuk	energiáik

Derived terms

Compound words

• atomenergia
• energiaellátás
• energiafogyasztás
• energiaforrás
• energiasűrűség
• energiaszolgáltatás
• energiaválság

 

Related terms

• allergia
• energetika
• energikus
• erg
• ergonómia
• orgánum
• orgia
• orgona

 

Further reading

• energia in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• energia in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Ingrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian энергия (energija).

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈenerɡiɑ/, [ˈe̞ne̞rˌɡiɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈenerɡiɑ/, [ˈe̞ne̞rˌkiɑ]
• Rhymes: -iɑ
• Hyphenation: e‧ner‧gi‧a

Noun

energia

1. energy
   • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 45:

     Selvät joet i koset, porogat, antaat paljo energiaa.

     The quick rivers and waterfalls, rapids, give a lot of energy.

Declension

Declension of energia (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	energia	energiat
genitive	energian	energioin
partitive	energiaa	energioja
illative	energiaa	energioi
inessive	energias	energiois
elative	energiast	energioist
allative	energialle	energioille
adessive	energial	energioil
ablative	energialt	energioilt
translative	energiaks	energioiks
essive	energianna, energiaan	energioinna, energioin
exessive1)	energiant	energioint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e.nerˈd͡ʒi.a/
• Rhymes: -ia
• Hyphenation: e‧ner‧gì‧a

Noun

energia f (plural energie)

1. energy

   Synonyms: forza, vigore

Derived terms

• bioenergia
• energia alternativa
• energia di punto zero
• energia elettrica
• energia eolica
• energia nucleare
• energia rinnovabile
• energia solare
• energico
• energivoro
• energizzare
• fonte di energia

 

Related terms

• energetica
• energetico
• energismo

 

Further reading

• energia in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

• anergie, generai

Ladin

Alternative forms

• energìa

Noun

energia f (plural energies)

1. energy

Related terms

• energich

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /e.nerˈɡiː.a/, [ɛnɛrˈɡiːä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /e.nerˈd͡ʒi.a/, [enerˈd͡ʒiːä]

Noun

energīa f (genitive energīae); first declension

1. energy
2. efficiency

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	energīa	energīae
Genitive	energīae	energīārum
Dative	energīae	energīīs
Accusative	energīam	energīās
Ablative	energīā	energīīs
Vocative	energīa	energīae

Descendants

• Catalan: energia
• French: énergie
  • → Azerbaijani: enerji
  • → Czech: energie
  • → Danish: energi
  • → Dutch: energie
    • → Indonesian: energi
  • → English: energy
    • → Cebuano: enerdyi
    • → Japanese: エナジー (enajī)
    • → Korean: 에너지 (eneoji)
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: energi
  • → Norwegian Nynorsk: energi
  • → Persian: انرژی (enerži)
  • → Romanian: energie
  • → Swedish: energi
  • → Turkish: enerji
• Galician: enerxía
• Italian: energia
• Occitan: energia
• Portuguese: energia
• Romanian: energie
• Spanish: energía
• → Esperanto: energio
• → Estonian: energia
• → Finnish: energia
• → Hungarian: energia
• → Polish: energia

References

• “energia”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• energia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• energia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• energia in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[4], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Anagrams

• rēgīnae

Occitan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Languedoc):

  (file)

Noun

energia f (plural energias)

1. energy

Polish

Alternative forms

• energija (Middle Polish)
• energja (pre-reform orthography (1936))

Etymology

Internationalism; possibly borrowed from German Energie or French énergie, ultimately from Latin energīa. First attested in 1606. Compare Kashubian energiô and Silesian ynergijŏ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛˈnɛr.ɡja/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛrɡja
• Syllabification: e‧ner‧gia

Noun

energia f

1. energy (person's ability to do work)
2. (physics) energy (quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent)
3. (colloquial) energy (electrical current)

   Synonyms: elektryczność, elektryka, prąd, światło

4. (Ancient Greece, philosophy) energy (form as opposed to matter as potency)

Declension

Declension of energia

	singular	plural
nominative	energia	energie
genitive	energii	energii/energij (archaic)
dative	energii	energiom
accusative	energię	energie
instrumental	energią	energiami
locative	energii	energiach
vocative	energio	energie

Derived terms

adjectives

• energetyczny
• energiczny
• energochłonny
• energoelektroniczny
• energoelektryczny
• energooszczędny
• energoterapeutyczny
• energotwórczy
• energożerny

 

nouns

• bank energii
• energetyzm
• energia kinetyczna
• energia mechaniczna
• energia pierwotna
• energia potencjalna
• energiczność
• energoblok
• energoelektronik
• energoelektronika
• energoelektryka
• energoterapeuta
• energoterapeutka
• energoterapia
• zielona energia

 

verbs

• energetyzować impf

 

Related terms

adjectives

• bezenergetyczny
• bioenergetyczny
• bioenergoterapeutyczny

 

adverbs

• bioenergoterapeutycznie
• energetycznie
• energicznie
• energochłonnie
• energoelektronicznie
• energooszczędnie
• energoterapeutycznie

 

nouns

• aeroenergetyka
• bioenergetyka
• bioenergia
• bioenergoterapeuta
• bioenergoterapeutka
• bioenergoterapia
• energetyczka
• energetyk
• energetyka
• energizer
• energochłonność
• energooszczędność
• energożerność

 

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), energia is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 79 times in scientific texts, 18 times in news, 10 times in essays, 5 times in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 114 times, making it the 533rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• energia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• energia in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “energia”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “energja”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “energja”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 694
• energia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin energīa (“energy”), from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia, “action, act, work”), from ἐνεργός (energós, “active”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.neʁˈʒi.ɐ/ [e.neɦˈʒi.ɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.neʁˈʒi.ɐ/ [e.neɦˈʒi.ɐ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /e.neɾˈʒi.ɐ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /e.neʁˈʒi.ɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /e.neɻˈʒi.a/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /i.nɨɾˈʒi.ɐ/

• Hyphenation: e‧ner‧gi‧a

Noun

energia f (plural energias)

1. energy (impetus behind activity)
2. (physics) energy (ability to do work)
3. (informal) electricity

Synonyms

• (impetus): ardor, ímpeto, nervo, vigor, vitalidade,
• (electricity): energia elétrica, eletricidade, luz

Derived terms

• energia atómica
• energia cinética
• energia elétrica
• energia interna
• energia mecânica
• energia nuclear
• energia potencial
• energia radiante
• energia térmica
• energia vital

 

Related terms

• energético
• enérgico
• energizar

 

Further reading

• “energia”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024