kappen
Danish
editNoun
editkappen c
Dutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle Dutch cappen. Further origin unsettled. Apparently related to German Low German kappen (“to clip, cut”), German kappen (“to clip, cut”), English chap and chop; thus it would also be distantly related to tjappen. The slang sense may have a distinct (unknown) etymology.
Verb
editkappen
- (transitive) to chop, as with an axe
- (transitive) to cut down, fell (e.g. a tree)
- (figuratively, intransitive) (in kappen op ...) to criticize
- (colloquial, intransitive) to cease, give up, stop
- (slang) to talk; notably
- (intransitive) to plead
- (transitive) to speak (a) slang
Conjugation
editConjugation of kappen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | kappen | |||
past singular | kapte | |||
past participle | gekapt | |||
infinitive | kappen | |||
gerund | kappen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | kap | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | kapt, kap2 | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | kapt | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | kapt | kapte | ||
3rd person singular | kapt | kapte | ||
plural | kappen | kapten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | kappe | kapte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | kappen | kapten | ||
imperative sing. | kap | |||
imperative plur.1 | kapt | |||
participles | kappend | gekapt | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Afrikaans: kap
- Berbice Creole Dutch: kapu
- Negerhollands: kap, kappen
- Skepi Creole Dutch: kap, cap
- → Papiamentu: kap
- → Saterland Frisian: kappe
- → Sranan Tongo: kapu, kappe
Etymology 2
editFrom kap (“bonnet, hood, cap”) + -en. Women used to wear bonnets and caps, but these often left part of the hair uncovered; therefore kappen came to be used of the styling of head and hair in general, and was soon also generalized to males. The modern use specifically for cutting hair must have developed in part through association with etymology 1 above.
Verb
editkappen
- (transitive) to fit with a hairstyle or headdress
- (transitive) to cut (someone's) hair and model it
- (transitive) to dress (someone) with a bonnet, hood, cap
- (transitive) to cover (something) with a (heavy) hood, casing etc.
- (transitive, figuratively) to trick (someone), play a prank on .
Conjugation
editConjugation of kappen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | kappen | |||
past singular | kapte | |||
past participle | gekapt | |||
infinitive | kappen | |||
gerund | kappen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | kap | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | kapt, kap2 | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | kapt | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | kapt | kapte | ||
3rd person singular | kapt | kapte | ||
plural | kappen | kapten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | kappe | kapte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | kappen | kapten | ||
imperative sing. | kap | |||
imperative plur.1 | kapt | |||
participles | kappend | gekapt | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Derived terms
editEtymology 3
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
editkappen
- (transitive) to young, notably have piglets
Conjugation
editConjugation of kappen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | kappen | |||
past singular | kapte | |||
past participle | gekapt | |||
infinitive | kappen | |||
gerund | kappen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | kap | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | kapt, kap2 | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | kapt | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | kapt | kapte | ||
3rd person singular | kapt | kapte | ||
plural | kappen | kapten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | kappe | kapte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | kappen | kapten | ||
imperative sing. | kap | |||
imperative plur.1 | kapt | |||
participles | kappend | gekapt | ||
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. |
Alternative forms
editRelated terms
editEtymology 4
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
editkappen
Anagrams
editGerman
editEtymology
edit17th century, from Middle Low German kappen, from Middle Dutch cappen (“to chop”), perhaps a borrowing from Romansch and from Medieval Latin cappare (“to cut off”), from Vulgar Latin *cappo, from Latin capo (“castrated male chicken”). Compare Alemannic German (Alsatian) kchapfen (“to chop, mince”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editkappen (weak, third-person singular present kappt, past tense kappte, past participle gekappt, auxiliary haben)
- to cut down so as to make unusable; to cut off; to interrupt
- Die zurückziehenden Truppen hatten Befehl, alle Strommasten zu kappen.
- The withdrawing troops had been commanded to cut down all utility poles.
Conjugation
editinfinitive | kappen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | kappend | ||||
past participle | gekappt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich kappe | wir kappen | i | ich kappe | wir kappen |
du kappst | ihr kappt | du kappest | ihr kappet | ||
er kappt | sie kappen | er kappe | sie kappen | ||
preterite | ich kappte | wir kappten | ii | ich kappte1 | wir kappten1 |
du kapptest | ihr kapptet | du kapptest1 | ihr kapptet1 | ||
er kappte | sie kappten | er kappte1 | sie kappten1 | ||
imperative | kapp (du) kappe (du) |
kappt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Further reading
editNorwegian Bokmål
editAlternative forms
editNoun
editkappen m or f
- Danish non-lemma forms
- Danish noun forms
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑpən
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɑpən/2 syllables
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms with unknown etymologies
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch verbs
- Dutch transitive verbs
- Dutch intransitive verbs
- Dutch colloquialisms
- Dutch slang
- Dutch weak verbs
- Dutch basic verbs
- Dutch terms suffixed with -en
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch noun forms
- German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German terms derived from Middle Dutch
- German terms derived from Romansch
- German terms derived from Medieval Latin
- German terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- German terms derived from Latin
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål noun forms