iacto

Latin

Etymology

From iaciō (“throw”) +‎ -tō (frequentative suffix). See iactus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯ak.toː/, [ˈi̯äkt̪oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈjak.to/, [ˈjäkt̪o]

Verb

iactō (present infinitive iactāre, perfect active iactāvī, supine iactātum); first conjugation

1. to throw, cast, hurl

   Synonyms: coniciō, iniciō, adiciō, obiciō, abiciō, permittō, iaciō, trāiciō, iaculor, impingō, ēmittō, mittō, lībrō

2. to scatter, toss
3. (figuratively) to disturb, disquiet, torment, agitate, shock

   Synonyms: cieo, perpello, molior, instigo, instinguo, agito, turbo, ango

   • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.41–42:

     carmina sēcessum scrībentis et ōtia quaerunt;
     mē mare, mē ventī, mē fera iactat hiems

     Verses require of [their] writing [both] solitude and leisure;
     the sea, winds, [and] a savage winter disturb me.
     (The poet, sailing to exile during wintertime, is disturbed both physically and mentally.)

4. to utter, speak, throw out
5. to hurl insults
6. to be officious or active in, give oneself up to, devote oneself to a thing

   Synonyms: versō, exerceō, operor

7. to boast, act conceitedly, be officious, show off, display, parade, throw one’s weight around, make oneself conspicuous, flaunt oneself
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.139–141:

     “Tenet ille immānia saxa,
     vestrās, Eure, domōs; illā sē iactet in aulā
     Aeolus, et clausō ventōrum carcere rēgnet.”

     “He controls those monstrous rocks, [which are] your abode, Eurus; let Aeolus flaunt himself in that palace, and rule in the locked prison of the winds.”
     (Neptune (mythology) dismisses Eurus and the other winds with a derogatory warning for their king, Aeolus (son of Hippotes).)

8. (Medieval Latin) to invest

Conjugation

Conjugation of iactō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iactō	iactās	iactat	iactāmus	iactātis	iactant
	imperfect	iactābam	iactābās	iactābat	iactābāmus	iactābātis	iactābant
	future	iactābō	iactābis	iactābit	iactābimus	iactābitis	iactābunt
	perfect	iactāvī	iactāvistī	iactāvit	iactāvimus	iactāvistis	iactāvērunt, iactāvēre
	pluperfect	iactāveram	iactāverās	iactāverat	iactāverāmus	iactāverātis	iactāverant
	future perfect	iactāverō	iactāveris	iactāverit	iactāverimus	iactāveritis	iactāverint
passive	present	iactor	iactāris, iactāre	iactātur	iactāmur	iactāminī	iactantur
	imperfect	iactābar	iactābāris, iactābāre	iactābātur	iactābāmur	iactābāminī	iactābantur
	future	iactābor	iactāberis, iactābere	iactābitur	iactābimur	iactābiminī	iactābuntur
	perfect	iactātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	iactātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	iactātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	iactem	iactēs	iactet	iactēmus	iactētis	iactent
	imperfect	iactārem	iactārēs	iactāret	iactārēmus	iactārētis	iactārent
	perfect	iactāverim	iactāverīs	iactāverit	iactāverīmus	iactāverītis	iactāverint
	pluperfect	iactāvissem	iactāvissēs	iactāvisset	iactāvissēmus	iactāvissētis	iactāvissent
passive	present	iacter	iactēris, iactēre	iactētur	iactēmur	iactēminī	iactentur
	imperfect	iactārer	iactārēris, iactārēre	iactārētur	iactārēmur	iactārēminī	iactārentur
	perfect	iactātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	iactātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	iactā	—	—	iactāte	—
	future	—	iactātō	iactātō	—	iactātōte	iactantō
passive	present	—	iactāre	—	—	iactāminī	—
	future	—	iactātor	iactātor	—	—	iactantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		iactāre	iactāvisse	iactātūrum esse	iactārī, iactārier1	iactātum esse	iactātum īrī
participles		iactāns	—	iactātūrus	—	iactātus	iactandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		iactandī	iactandō	iactandum	iactandō	iactātum	iactātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

• abiectō
• cōniectō
• dēiectō
• ēiectō
• iaciō
• iactābundus
• iactāns
• iactanter
• iactantia
• iactātiō
• iactātor
• iactātus
• iactitō
• obiectō

Descendants

• Late Latin: iectō (see there for further descendants)
  • Spanish: echar
• → Portuguese: jactar
• → Sicilian: jattari
• → Spanish: jactar

Participle

iactō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of iactus

References

• “iacto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• jacto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • tossed hither and thither by the waves: fluctibus iactari
    
  • to have a severe attack of fever: aestu et febri iactari
    
  • to experience the ups and downs of life: multis casibus iactari
    
  • to use threats: minas iacere, iactare
    
  • the bank-rate varies: nummus iactatur (Off. 3. 20. 80)
    
• iacto in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• iacto in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016