okno

See also: Okno, òkno, and ôkno

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech okno, from Proto-Slavic *okъnò.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈokno]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ok‧no

Noun

okno n

1. window

   Někdy se dívám z okna, odtud ze židle. ― Sometimes I look through the window from the chair.

2. (colloquial) blackout

   Mám okno. Co se stalo? ― I have a blackout. What has happened?

Declension

Declension of okno (hard neuter reducible)

	singular	plural
nominative	okno	okna
genitive	okna	oken
dative	oknu	oknům
accusative	okno	okna
vocative	okno	okna
locative	okně, oknu	oknech
instrumental	oknem	okny

Derived terms

• okenní

 

Related terms

• vyhodíte ho dveřmi a vrátí se oknem

 

Further reading

• “okno”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
• “okno”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “okno”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *okъnò.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈokno/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈokno/

Noun

okno n

1. window
2. sinkhole (depression in marshy soil filled with water)

Declension

Declension of okno (hard o-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	okno	okně	okna
genitive	okna	oknú	oken
dative	oknu	oknoma	oknóm
accusative	okno	okně	okna
vocative	okno	okně	okna
locative	okně, oknu	oknú	okniech
instrumental	oknem	oknoma	okny

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Descendants

• Czech: okno

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “okno”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *okъnò. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /ɔknɔ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ɔknɔ/

Noun

okno n

1. (attested in Masovia, Greater Poland) window (opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building)

   Synonym: okieńce

   • 1879 [1429], Jan Tadeusz Lubomirski, editor, Księga ziemi czerskiej 1404-1425. Liber terrae Cernensis‎^[1], Masovia, page LXXXI:

     Jaco mnye Jan nye dal oken wyrabycz, any drzvi czynycz, alyszbi ischba bila gothowa

     [Jako mnie Jan nie dał okien wyrębić, ani drzwi czynić, aliżby izba była gotowa]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 132r:

     Subscella slvp v okną

     [Subscella slup u okna]

2. well opening (top opening of the well through which the brine was drawn to the ground surface, specially enclosed and secured)
   • 1868 [1457], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎^[2], volume XII, page 251:

     Budko non debet retinere homines transeuntes per viam ad silwas et ad okno salis

     [Budko non debet retinere homines transeuntes per viam ad silwas et ad okno salis]

3. (biblical, attested in Lesser Poland) gates and locks that stop the heavenly waters from falling to the ground
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[3], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 41, 9:

     Gløbocoscz gløbocoscz wziwa w glosse oken (cataractarum) twogich

     [Głębokość głębokość wzywa w głosie okien (cataractarum) twojich]

Derived terms

nouns

• okiennik

 

Related terms

nouns

• okieńce

 

Descendants

• Masurian: ôkno
• Polish: okno
• Silesian: ôkno

References

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “okno”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Mańczak, Witold (2017) “okno”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “okno”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “okno”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “okno”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Old Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *okъnò. First attested in 1473.

Noun

okno n

1. window (opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building)
2. (figuratively, biblical) window (gate to Heaven)
3. window (shutter, casement, sash with its fittings, or other framework, which closes a window opening)
4. window (pane or glass of a window opening)
5. (by extension) window (any opening similar to a window)

Descendants

• Slovak: okno

References

• Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “okno”, in Historický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA, →OCLC

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish okno.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔk.nɔ/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈɔk.nɔ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔknɔ
• Syllabification: ok‧no
• Homophone: Okno

Noun

okno n (diminutive okienko, related adjective okienny)

1. window (opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building)
2. window (opening, usually covered by glass, in a shop which allows people to view the shop and its products from outside; a shop window)
3. window (shutter, casement, sash with its fittings, or other framework, which closes a window opening)
4. window (glass or pane of a window opening)
5. window (any free place that allows light to pass through and allows one to see something or look inside something)
6. (graphical user interface) window (rectangular area on a computer terminal or screen containing some kind of user interface, displaying the output of and allowing input for one of a number of simultaneously running computer processes)
7. (mining) ventilation hole pierced in a coal wall between excavations
8. opening of an animal's dwelling hole
9. (rare, obsolete) window (period of time when something is available or possible)

   Synonym: okienko

10. (obsolete, engineering) opening in an engine cylinder

Declension

Declension of okno

	singular	plural
nominative	okno	okna
genitive	okna	okien
dative	oknu	oknom
accusative	okno	okna
instrumental	oknem	oknami
locative	oknie	oknach
vocative	okno	okna

Derived terms

adverbs

• Panu Bogu w okno

 

nouns

• aktywne okno
• okiennica
• okno dialogowe
• okno na świat
• okno Overtona
• okno pogodowe
• okno transferowe
• okno weneckie
• okno wystawowe
• okno zespolone
• okno życia

 

verbs

• walić drzwiami i oknami impf

 

Related terms

adjectives

• bezokienny

 

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), okno is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 7 times in news, 3 times in essays, 63 times in fiction, and 35 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 126 times, making it the 475th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• okno in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• okno in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “okno”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “OKNO”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 16.08.2008
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “okno”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “okno”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “okno”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 736
• okno in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *okъno.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǒkno/
• Hyphenation: ok‧no

Noun

òkno n (Cyrillic spelling о̀кно)

1. pane (of windows)
2. shaft, pit (in mines)
3. (Kajkavian) window (opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building)

   Synonyms: prozor, oblok, ponistra

Declension

Declension of okno

	singular	plural
nominative	òkno	okna
genitive	okna	ȍkānā/óknā
dative	oknu	oknima
accusative	okno	okna
vocative	okno	okna
locative	oknu	oknima
instrumental	oknom	oknima

Further reading

• “okno” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *okъno.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔknɔ/

Noun

okno n (genitive singular okna, nominative plural okná, genitive plural okien, declension pattern of mesto)

1. window (opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building)

   Synonym: oblok

Declension

Declension of okno

	singular	plural
nominative	okno	okná
genitive	okna	okien
dative	oknu	oknám
accusative	okno	okná
locative	okne	oknách
instrumental	oknom	oknami

Derived terms

• okienko n
• oknár m
• okenný

Further reading

• “okno”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *okъno.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɔ̀ːknɔ/

Noun

ókno n

1. window (opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Neuter, hard
nom. sing.	ôkno
gen. sing.	ôkna
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ôkno	ôkni	ôkna
genitive (rodȋlnik)	ôkna	ôken	ôken
dative (dajȃlnik)	ôknu	ôknoma	ôknom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	ôkno	ôkni	ôkna
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	ôknu	ôknih	ôknih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	ôknom	ôknoma	ôkni

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “okno”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran