traire
French
editEtymology
editInherited from Old French traire, treire (“to pull”), from Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Latin trahere (“to pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *tragʰ- (“to draw, drag”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
edittraire
- (transitive) to milk (a cow, etc)
Conjugation
editThis verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -tray- root: *je trayis, *que nous trayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -trais- was used instead of -tray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.
infinitive | simple | traire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | trayant /tʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /tʁe.jɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | trait /tʁɛ/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | trais /tʁɛ/ |
trais /tʁɛ/ |
trait /tʁɛ/ |
trayons /tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /tʁe.jɔ̃/ |
trayez /tʁɛ.je/ or /tʁe.je/ |
traient /tʁɛ/ |
imperfect | trayais /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ |
trayais /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ |
trayait /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ |
trayions /tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
trayiez /tʁɛj.je/ |
trayaient /tʁɛ.jɛ/ or /tʁe.jɛ/ | |
past historic2 | trayai /tʁɛe/ |
trayas /tʁɛa/ |
traya /tʁɛa/ |
trayâmes /tʁɛam/ |
trayâtes /tʁɛat/ |
trayèrent /tʁɛɛʁ/ | |
future | trairai /tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /tʁe.ʁe/ |
trairas /tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /tʁe.ʁa/ |
traira /tʁɛ.ʁa/ or /tʁe.ʁa/ |
trairons /tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁɔ̃/ |
trairez /tʁɛ.ʁe/ or /tʁe.ʁe/ |
trairont /tʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | trairais /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ |
trairais /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ |
trairait /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ |
trairions /tʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /tʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ |
trairiez /tʁɛ.ʁje/ or /tʁe.ʁje/ |
trairaient /tʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /tʁe.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | traie /tʁɛ/ |
traies /tʁɛ/ |
traie /tʁɛ/ |
trayions /tʁɛj.jɔ̃/ |
trayiez /tʁɛj.je/ |
traient /tʁɛ/ |
imperfect2 | trayasse /tʁɛas/ |
trayasses /tʁɛas/ |
trayât /tʁɛa/ |
trayassions /tʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ |
trayassiez /tʁɛa.sje/ |
trayassent /tʁɛas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | trais /tʁɛ/ |
— | trayons /tʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /tʁe.jɔ̃/ |
trayez /tʁɛ.je/ or /tʁe.je/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “traire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
editMiddle French
editEtymology
editFrom Old French traire.
Verb
edittraire
- to fire (an arrow)
- c. 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:
- arbalestriers commencierent a traire sur le chastel
- [the] crossbowmen started to fire at the castle
Descendants
edit- French: traire
Norman
editEtymology
editFrom Old French traire, from Early Medieval Latin tragō Latin trahō (“I pull”).
Verb
edittraire
Conjugation
editinfinitive | traire | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | trayant | ||||||
auxiliary | aveir1 | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | trait | traite | |||||
plural | traits | traites | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | je (j') | tu (t') | il, alle, nos |
je (nos) |
vos | il, alles | |
present | trais | trais | trait | trayoms | trayez | traient | |
imperfect | trayeis | trayeis | trayeit | trayioms | trayiez | trayeient | |
preterite | trayis | trayis | trayit | trayîmes | trayîtes | trayîtrent | |
future | trairai | trairas | traira | trairoms | trairez | trairont | |
conditional | traireis | traireis | traireit | trairioms | trairiez | traireient | |
subjunctive | que je (j') | que te (t') | qu'il, qu'alle, que nos |
que je (que nos) |
que vos | qu'il, qu'alles | |
present | traie | traies | traie | trayioms | trayiez | traient | |
imperfect | trayisse | trayisses | trayît trayisse |
trayissioms | trayissiez | trayissent | |
imperative | — | tu | — | je (nos) |
vos | — | |
trais | trayoms | trayez | |||||
1Used with past participles. |
Related terms
editOccitan
editEtymology
editFrom Old Occitan traire, from Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Latin trahere (“to drag, extract, trail”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
edittraire
Old French
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).
Verb
edittraire
- to pull
- (chiefly of a weapon) to draw; to unsheathe
- to pull out (extract by pulling); to remove (by pulling)
- c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
- A plusurs fist traire les denz
- For many, he pulled out their teeth
Conjugation
editThis verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | traire | avoir trait | |||||
gerund | en traiant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | traiant | ||||||
past participle | trait | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | trai | trais | trait | traions | traiiez, traites | traient |
imperfect | traioie, traieie | traioies, traieies | traioit, traieit | traiiiens, traiiens | traiiiez, traiiez | traioient, traieient | |
preterite | trais | traisis | traist | traisimes | traisistes | traistrent | |
future | trairai | trairas | traira | trairons | trairoiz, traireiz, trairez | trairont | |
conditional | trairoie, traireie | trairoies, traireies | trairoit, traireit | trairiiens, trairiens | trairiiez, trairiez | trairoient, traireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | traie | traies | traie | traiiens, traions | traiiez | traient |
imperfect | traisisse | traisisses | traisist | traisissons, traisissiens | traisissoiz, traisissez, traisissiez | traisissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | trai | — | traions | traiiez | — |
Related terms
editDescendants
editOld Occitan
editEtymology
editFrom Early Medieval Latin tragō, from Classical Latin trahō (“I pull”).
Verb
edittraire
- to pull
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- Occitan: traire
References
edit- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “trahere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 177
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:French/ɛʁ
- Rhymes:French/ɛʁ/1 syllable
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French third group verbs
- French irregular verbs
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French terms with quotations
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old French
- Norman terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Norman terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Norman terms inherited from Latin
- Norman terms derived from Latin
- Norman lemmas
- Norman verbs
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Old French terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Old French terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French terms with quotations
- Old French verbs with strong-st preterite
- Old French third group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -re
- Old French irregular verbs
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Old Occitan lemmas
- Old Occitan verbs