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<!--main body of article follows table
⚫
#REDIRECT [[Histoire des Juifs en Inde]]
-->{{Boite Groupe ethnique
|image = Cochin Jews.jpg
|nom = Juifs de Cochin
|groupe = Juifs de Cochin
|poptot = '''5000-8000''' (estimation)
| region1={{ISR}}
| pop1 ={{formatnum:8000}} (est<!--.)<br/>[[Kerala]] et Kochi '''52'''<ref>[http://www.masaisrael.org/Masa/English/OUT+OF+INDIA]</ref>), [[Ernakulam]], [[Paravur du Nord]], [[Aluva]]),
[[USA]]-->
| langues= Traditionellement, [[judéo-malayalam]], maintenant principalement l'[[hébreu]]
| religions= [[judaïsme]]
| liés= [[Bene Israël (Inde)]], [[Juifs Baghdadim]]
}}
<!--{{Juif}}-->
Les '''Juifs de Cochin''', ou '''Juifs de Malabar''' (''Malabar Yehudan'') sont les descendants des [[Juifs]] de l'ancien [[Royaume de Cochin]], actuellement rattaché à l'[[Inde]] du Sud, et comprenait l'actuelle cité portuaire de Kochi<ref> Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Menachery 1998; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973; Weil 1982; Menachery 1998.</ref> Ils parlaient traditionnellement le [[judéo-malayalam]], un dialecte du [[malayalam]] pratiqué dans l'état de [[Kerala]]. Diverses vagues d'immigration de la [[diaspora juive]] leur donnèrent une grande diversité<ref name=Katz-Koder-Puthiakunnel> Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973.</ref>.
==Histoire==
<!--Some sources say that the earliest Jews were those who settled in the [[Malabar]] coast during the times of [[Biblical account of King Solomon|King Solomon]] of Israel, and after the Kingdom of [[Israel]] split into two <ref> Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973; David de Beth Hillel, 1832; Lord, James Henry 1977.</ref>. They are sometimes referred to as the "black Jews". The [[Paradesi Jews]], also called "White Jews", settled later, coming to India from [[Europe]]an and [[Middle East]]ern nations such as [[Holland]] and [[Spain]], and bringing with them the [[Ladino language]]. Spanish and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Jew]]s ([[Sephardim]]) settled in [[Goa]] in the [[15th century]], but this settlement eventually disappeared. In the [[17th century|17th]] and [[18th century|18th centuries]], Cochin had an influx of Jewish settlers from the [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]] and [[Spain]].

Jews came to Kerala and settled as early as [[700 BC]] for trade. An old, but not particularly reliable, tradition says that Jews of Cochin came in mass to [[Cranganore]] (an ancient port, near Cochin) after the destruction of the Temple in 70 [[Common Era|C.E.]] A chieftain by the name of [[Joseph Rabban]], according to local tradition, was granted a principality over the Jews of Cochin by the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] Emperor of [[Kerala]], [[Bhaskara Ravivarman II]] <ref name=Katz-Koder-Puthiakunnel/>. His descendents had, in effect, their own principality (called [[Anjuvannam]] in Indian sources) for many centuries until a chieftainship dispute broke out between two brothers (one of them named [[Joseph Azar]]) in the 15th century. The dispute led neighboring princes to dispossess them. In [[1524]], the Muslims, backed by the ruler of [[Calicut]] (today called [[Kozhikode]]), attacked the Jews of Cranganore on the pretext that they were tampering with the [[black pepper|pepper]] trade. Most Jews fled to Cochin and went under the protection of the [[Perumpadapu Swaroopam|Hindu Raja]] there. He granted them a site for their own town that later acquired the name "Jew Town" (by which it is still known).
[[Image:Cochin Jewish Inscription.JPG|thumbnail|left|[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] inscription at the [[Paradesi Synagogue]] in [[Kochi, India|Cochin]].]]
Unfortunately for the Jews of Cochin, the Portuguese occupied Cochin in this same period and indulged in persecution of the Jews until the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] displaced them in [[1660]]. The Dutch [[Protestant]]s were tolerant, and the Jews prospered. In [[1795]] Cochin was occupied by and came under the control of the British Empire. In the [[19th century]], Cochin Jews lived in the towns of [[Kochi, India|Cochin]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Aluva]] and[[North Paravur]].

The Jews of Cochin did not adhere to the [[Talmud]]ic prohibition, followed by other [[Orthodox Jew]]s, against public singing by women, and therefore have a rich tradition of Jewish prayers and narrative songs performed by women in Judeo-Malayalam. Fearful of this tradition dying out, the [[Jewish Music Research Center]] at [[Hebrew University]] has compiled a [[CD]] of these songs.

==Cochin Jews today==
Today most of Cochin's Jews have emigrated (principally to [[Israel]]). Large groups have settled in the [[Moshav]]im of [[Nevatim]] in the [[Negev]] (southern [[Israel]]) and [[Yuval]] in the North, in the neighborhood of [[Katamon]] in [[Jerusalem]], in [[Beer Sheva]], [[Dimona]] and [[Yeruham]]. In both places there are Cochin synagogues. In [[Kerala]] there are still three synagogues; the one at [[Mattancherry]], Cochin is still functioning.

Historically, part of the decline in Kerala's Jewish population can also be attributed to conversion. <ref name=Weil-Menachery-Menachery>Weil S. 1982; Jessay P.M. 1986; Menachery 1973; Menachery 1998.</ref> Jews who converted during the time of [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas]] and later, became [[Kerala|Kerala's]] [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani|Nasrani]] or [[St. Thomas Christians]]. <ref name=Weil-Menachery-Menachery/> While Jewish heritage is most readily observed among the [[Knanaya]] Christian-Jews of Kerala, elements of Jewish practice are present in most [[St. Thomas Christian]] denominations. <ref name=Weil-Menachery-Menachery/>-->

==Ruby de Cochin==
<!--[[Ruby Daniel]] emigrated to Israel from Cochin in 1951. Her 1995 memoir, ''Ruby of Cochin'' lists a fourth method for marriage among the Jews of Cochin: that of witness by the entire congregation to a marriage. The memoir includes her experience in the Armed Forces of India as a Jewish woman among Hindu and Muslim men.-->

==Voir aussi==
⚫
* [[Histoire des Juifs en Inde]]
* [[Bene Israël (Inde)]]
<!--* [[Syrian Malabar Nasrani]]
* [[Knanaya]]
* [[Paradesi Synagogue]]
* [[Gathering of Israel]]-->

==Notes==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

==Bibliographie==
* Koder S. 'History of the Jews of Kerala".The St.Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India,Ed. G. Menachery,1973.
* Thomas Puthiakunnel, (1973) "Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St. Thomas", The Saint Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, ed. George Menachery, Vol. II., Trichur.
* Ruby Daniel & B. Johnson. ([[1995]]). ''Ruby of Cochin: An Indian Jewish Woman Remembers''. Philadelphia and Jerusalem: Jewish Publication Society.
* Weil,S. (1982) "Symmetry between Christians and Jews in India: The Cananite Christians and Cochin Jews in Kerala. in Contributions to Indian Sociology,16.
* Jessay, P.M. (1986) "The Wedding Songs of the Cochin Jews and of the Knanite Christians of Kerala: A Study in Comparison." Symposium.
* James Hough (1893) "The History of Christianity in India".
* Menachery G (ed); (1998) "The Indian Church History Classics", Vol.I, ''The Nazranies'', Ollur, 1998. [ISBN 81-87133-05-8].
* Katz, Nathan; & Goldberg, Ellen S; (1993) The Last Jews of Cochin: Jewish Identity in Hindu India, Foreword by Daniel J. Elazar Columbia, SC, Univ. of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-847-6
* Menachery G (1973) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, Ed. George Menachery, B.N.K. Press, vol. 2, ISBN 81-87132-06-X, Lib. Cong. Cat. Card. No. 73-905568 ; B.N.K. Press
* David de Beth Hillel (1832) "travels"; madras publication.
* Lord, James Henry (1977) "The Jews in India and the Far East"; Hardback 120 pages; Greenwood Press Reprint; ISBN 0-8371-2615-0

===Lectures approfondies===

* Katz Nathan (2000) 'Who Are the Jews of India?' ; Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, University of California Press. ISBN No: 0520213238
* Weil, Shalva; (eds) (2002) India’s Jewish Heritage Ritual, Art & Life Cycle; Marg Publications ISBN No: 8185026580
* Katz, Nathan; & Goldberg, Ellen S; (1995) “Leaving Mother India: Reasons for the Cochin Jews’ Migration to Israel,” Population Review 39, 1 & 2 :35-53.-->

==Liens externes==
* [http://adaniel.tripod.com/cochin.htm Cochin Jews]
* [http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=40&letter=C Calcutta Jews] - [[Jewish Encyclopedia]]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2005/05/15/stories/2005051500300400.htm Cochin Jewish musical heritage (article from South Indian newspaper 'The Hindu')]

<!--[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Jews and Judaism in India]]
[[Category:Kerala society]]
[[Category:South Asian Jews]]
[[Category:Jewish ethnic groups]]-->
[[Catégorie:Histoire des Juifs par pays|Inde]]

[[de:Cochin-Juden]]
[[en:Cochin Jews]]
[[he:יהדות קוצ'ין]]
[[ja:コーチン・ユダヤ人]]
[[ml:കേരളത്തിലെ യഹൂദര്‍]]
[[nn:Cochini-jødar]]

Version du 10 octobre 2007 à 09:25

Modèle:Boite Groupe ethnique Les Juifs de Cochin, ou Juifs de Malabar (Malabar Yehudan) sont les descendants des Juifs de l'ancien Royaume de Cochin, actuellement rattaché à l'Inde du Sud, et comprenait l'actuelle cité portuaire de Kochi[1] Ils parlaient traditionnellement le judéo-malayalam, un dialecte du malayalam pratiqué dans l'état de Kerala. Diverses vagues d'immigration de la diaspora juive leur donnèrent une grande diversité[2].

Histoire

Ruby de Cochin

Voir aussi

Notes

  1. ↑ Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Menachery 1998; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973; Weil 1982; Menachery 1998.
  2. ↑ Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973.

Bibliographie

  • Koder S. 'History of the Jews of Kerala".The St.Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India,Ed. G. Menachery,1973.
  • Thomas Puthiakunnel, (1973) "Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St. Thomas", The Saint Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, ed. George Menachery, Vol. II., Trichur.
  • Ruby Daniel & B. Johnson. (1995). Ruby of Cochin: An Indian Jewish Woman Remembers. Philadelphia and Jerusalem: Jewish Publication Society.
  • Weil,S. (1982) "Symmetry between Christians and Jews in India: The Cananite Christians and Cochin Jews in Kerala. in Contributions to Indian Sociology,16.
  • Jessay, P.M. (1986) "The Wedding Songs of the Cochin Jews and of the Knanite Christians of Kerala: A Study in Comparison." Symposium.
  • James Hough (1893) "The History of Christianity in India".
  • Menachery G (ed); (1998) "The Indian Church History Classics", Vol.I, The Nazranies, Ollur, 1998. [ISBN 81-87133-05-8].
  • Katz, Nathan; & Goldberg, Ellen S; (1993) The Last Jews of Cochin: Jewish Identity in Hindu India, Foreword by Daniel J. Elazar Columbia, SC, Univ. of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-847-6
  • Menachery G (1973) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, Ed. George Menachery, B.N.K. Press, vol. 2, ISBN 81-87132-06-X, Lib. Cong. Cat. Card. No. 73-905568 ; B.N.K. Press
  • David de Beth Hillel (1832) "travels"; madras publication.
  • Lord, James Henry (1977) "The Jews in India and the Far East"; Hardback 120 pages; Greenwood Press Reprint; ISBN 0-8371-2615-0

Lectures approfondies

  • Katz Nathan (2000) 'Who Are the Jews of India?' ; Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, University of California Press. ISBN No: 0520213238
  • Weil, Shalva; (eds) (2002) India’s Jewish Heritage Ritual, Art & Life Cycle; Marg Publications ISBN No: 8185026580
  • Katz, Nathan; & Goldberg, Ellen S; (1995) “Leaving Mother India: Reasons for the Cochin Jews’ Migration to Israel,” Population Review 39, 1 & 2 :35-53.-->

Liens externes

Ce document provient de « https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Juifs_de_Cochin&oldid=21612594 ».