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HeartBlowUp.html
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<html>
<head>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<META NAME="Author" CONTENT="Michael B. Bolger">
<META NAME="Classification" CONTENT="educational">
<META NAME="Description" CONTENT="For Students in the Level III Therapeutics III Course at USC School of Pharmacy">
<META NAME="KeyWords" CONTENT="autonomic pharmacology nervous system drug receptor">
<TITLE>Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation Detail</TITLE>
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<body>
<H3>Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation Detail</H3>
<P>
Move your mouse over the diagram and click on the links for detailed receptor information.<br>
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<P>
<b>Regulatory processes involved in moving from supine to upright position</b><br>
Suppose a resting man (supine) is awakened by an alarm clock. Before the alarm goes off,
the parasympathetic tone dominates the autonomic nervous system and a small trickle of saliva
drools from the man's mouth. Heart rate has slowed (<b>M2-muscarinic receptors</b>),
intestinal motility and glandular secretion is increased (<b>M1/M3-muscarinic receptors</b>),
and the man experiences an involuntary erection (<b>M3-receptors</b>).<br>
As the man awakens, the resting parasympathetic tone in all autonomic systems begins to
swing toward more sympathetic tone. As the man sits up, blood flows away from his head,
mean blood pressure decreases, and the baroreceptors in the arotic arch and carotid sinus
reduce their firing rate because of decreased stretch. This decrease in afferent firing is
interpreted in the CNS cardiovascular control center (<b>alpha2-receptors</b>) as a signal
to increase sympathetic outflow and decrease parasympathetic outflow.<br>
Increased sympathetic outflow will cause increased firing rate of preganglionic neurons and
increased firing of sympathetic postganglionic neurons (<b>ganglionic N1-nicotinic receptors</b>).
The increased sympathetic outflow releases NE at <b>alpha1-adrenergic receptors</b> in the
arterioles causing contraction of smooth muscle and vasoconstriction leading to increased
blood pressure. Increased sympathetic outflow also causes increased heart rate
(<b>beta1-receptors</b>), vasodilation of bronchial smooth muscle (<b>beta2-receptors</b>),
and decrease of intestinal motility (<b>M1/M3-muscarinic receptors</b>). Stimulation of the
adrenal medulla by the sympathetic outflow causes release of epinephrine into the blood
producing vasodilation and increase contractility of skeletal muscle (<b>beta2-receptors</b>).<br>
<P>Try writing a similar paragraph for the same situation but assume that the subject is being
treated for hypertension with propranolol and prazosin.<br>
<P>
Adapted from Figures 31-7 & 31-8: StatRef Online Library: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology 8th ed. (2001)<br>
by Michael Bolger, 8/26/01<br>
Copyright(c) 2001 The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
<P>
<li><a href=mailto: bolger@usc.edu>bolger@usc.edu</a> - Content and Web Page Administration<br>
<li><a href=mailto: dopheide@usc.edu>dopheide@usc.edu</a> - Course coordination information<br>
<p>
<i>Last updated 8/26/01</i><br>
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