Myrmicinae
Myrmicinae adalah subfamili semut, dengan sekitar 140 genera yang hidup;[1] penyebaran mereka kosmopolitan. Pupa tidak memiliki kepompong. Beberapa spesies mempertahankan penyengat yang berfungsi. Petiola Myrmicinae terdiri dari dua tonjolan. Sarangnya yang permanen terletak di tanah, kayu yang membusuk, dibawah batu, atau di dalam pohon.[2]
| Myrmicinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Atta cephalotes | |
Klasifikasi ilmiah 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kerajaan: | Animalia |
| Filum: | Arthropoda |
| Kelas: | Insecta |
| Ordo: | Hymenoptera |
| Famili: | Formicidae |
| Subfamili: | Myrmicinae |
| Genus tipe | |
| Myrmica Latreiile, 1804 | |
| Diversitas | |
| 142 genera[1] | |
Identifikasi
suntingSemut pekerja Myrmicinae memiliki postpetiola yang berbeda, yaitu segmen abdominal III lebih kecil daripada segmen IV dan terlepas darinya dengan penyempitan yang berkembang dengan baik; pronotum tidak fleksibel menyatu dengan sisa mesosoma, sehingga jahitan promesonotal terkesan lemah atau tidak ada, dan sengatan berfungsi biasanya ada. Klipeusnya berkembang dengan baik; hasilnya, rongga antena terpisah dari margin anterior di kepalanya. Kebanyakan genera Myrmicinae memiliki mata yang berkembang dengan baik dan lobus depan yang sebagian menyembunyikan sisipan antena.[3]
Tribus
suntingSekarang, jumlah tribus berkurang dari 25 menjadi enam:[4]
- Attini Smith, 1858
- Crematogastrini Forel, 1893
- Myrmicini Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835
- Pogonomyrmecini Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015
- Solenopsidini Forel, 1893
- Stenammini Ashmead, 1905
Genera
suntingPada tahun 2014, kebanyakan genera ditempatkan dalam tribus yang berbeda atau dipindahkan ke subfamili lain. Dibawah adalah daftar yang telah diperbaharui:[1][4]
- Attini Smith, 1858
- Acanthognathus Mayr, 1887
- Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865
- Allomerus Mayr, 1878
- Apterostigma Mayr, 1865
- Atta Fabricius, 1804
- †Attaichnus Laza, 1982
- Basiceros Schulz, 1906
- Blepharidatta Wheeler, 1915
- Cephalotes Latreille, 1802
- Chimaeridris Wilson, 1989
- Colobostruma Wheeler, 1927
- Cyatta Sosa-Calvo et al., 2013
- Cyphomyrmex Mayr, 1862
- Daceton Perty, 1833
- Diaphoromyrma Fernández, Delabie & Nascimento, 2009
- Epopostruma Forel, 1895
- Eurhopalothrix Brown & Kempf, 1961
- Ishakidris Bolton, 1984
- Kalathomyrmex Klingenberg & Brandão, 2009
- Lachnomyrmex Wheeler, 1910
- Lenomyrmex Fernández & Palacio, 1999
- Mesostruma Brown, 1948
- Microdaceton Santschi, 1913
- Mycetagroicus Brandão & Mayhé-Nunes, 2001
- Mycetarotes Emery, 1913
- Mycetophylax Emery, 1913
- Mycetosoritis Wheeler, 1907
- Mycocepurus Forel, 1893
- Myrmicocrypta Smith, 1860
- Ochetomyrmex Mayr, 1878
- Octostruma Forel, 1912
- Orectognathus Smith, 1853
- Paramycetophylax Kusnezov, 1956
- Phalacromyrmex Kempf, 1960
- Pheidole Westwood, 1839
- Pilotrochus Brown, 1978
- Procryptocerus Emery, 1887
- Protalaridris Brown, 1980
- Pseudoatta Gallardo, 1916
- Rhopalothrix Mayr, 1870
- Sericomyrmex Mayr, 1865
- Strumigenys Smith, 1860
- Talaridris Weber, 1941
- Trachymyrmex Forel, 1893
- Tranopelta Mayr, 1866
- Wasmannia Forel, 1893
- Crematogastrini Forel, 1893
- Acanthomyrmex Emery, 1893
- Adlerzia Forel, 1902
- Ancyridris Wheeler, 1935
- Atopomyrmex André, 1889
- Calyptomyrmex Emery, 1887
- Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869
- Carebara Westwood, 1840
- Cataulacus Smith, 1853
- Crematogaster Lund, 1831
- Cyphoidris Weber, 1952
- Dacatria Rigato, 1994
- Dacetinops Brown & Wilson, 1957
- Dicroaspis Emery, 1908
- Dilobocondyla Santschi, 1910
- Diplomorium Mayr, 1901
- †Enneamerus Mayr, 1868
- †Eocenomyrma Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006
- Eutetramorium Emery, 1899
- Formicoxenus Mayr, 1855
- Formosimyrma Terayama, 2009
- Gauromyrmex Menozzi, 1933
- Gaoligongidris Xu, 2012
- Harpagoxenus Forel, 1893
- Huberia Forel, 1890
- †Hypopomyrmex Emery, 1891
- Indomyrma Brown, 1986
- Kartidris Bolton, 1991
- Lasiomyrma Terayama & Yamane, 2000
- Leptothorax Mayr, 1855
- Liomyrmex Mayr, 1865
- †Lonchomyrmex Mayr, 1867
- Lophomyrmex Emery, 1892
- Lordomyrma Emery, 1897
- Malagidris Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Mayriella Forel, 1902
- Melissotarsus Emery, 1877
- Meranoplus Smith, 1853
- Metapone Forel, 1911
- Myrmecina Curtis, 1829
- Myrmisaraka Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Nesomyrmex Wheeler, 1910
- Ocymyrmex Emery, 1886
- †Oxyidris Wilson, 1985
- †Parameranoplus Wheeler, 1915
- Paratopula Wheeler, 1919
- Perissomyrmex Smith, 1947
- Peronomyrmex Viehmeyer, 1922
- Podomyrma Smith, 1859
- Poecilomyrma Mann, 1921
- Pristomyrmex Mayr, 1866
- Proatta Forel, 1912
- Propodilobus Branstetter, 2009
- Recurvidris Bolton, 1992
- Rhopalomastix Forel, 1900
- Romblonella Wheeler, 1935
- Rostromyrmex Rosciszewski, 1994
- Rotastruma Bolton, 1991
- Royidris Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Secostruma Bolton, 1988
- Stereomyrmex Emery, 1901
- †Stigmomyrmex Mayr, 1868
- †Stiphromyrmex Wheeler, 1915
- Strongylognathus Mayr, 1853
- Temnothorax Mayr, 1861
- Terataner Emery, 1912
- Tetheamyrma Bolton, 1991
- Tetramorium Mayr, 1855
- Trichomyrmex Mayr, 1865
- Vitsika Bolton & Fisher, 2014
- Vollenhovia Mayr, 1865
- Vombisidris Bolton, 1991
- Xenomyrmex Forel, 1885
- Myrmicini Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835
- Manica Jurine, 1807
- Myrmica Latreille, 1804
- †Plesiomyrmex Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009
- †Protomyrmica Dlussky & Radchenko, 2009
- Pogonomyrmecini Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2014
- Hylomyrma Forel, 1912
- Pogonomyrmex Mayr, 1868
- Solenopsidini Forel, 1893
- Adelomyrmex Emery, 1897
- Anillomyrma Emery, 1913
- Austromorium Shattuck, 2009
- Baracidris Bolton, 1981
- Bariamyrma Lattke, 1990
- Bondroitia Forel, 1911
- Cryptomyrmex Fernández, 2004
- Dolopomyrmex Cover & Deyrup, 2007
- Epelysidris Bolton, 1987
- Kempfidris Fernández, Feitosa & Lattke, 2014
- Megalomyrmex Forel, 1885
- Monomorium Mayr, 1855
- Myrmicaria Saunders, 1842
- Oxyepoecus Santschi, 1926
- Rogeria Emery, 1894
- Solenopsis Westwood, 1840
- Stegomyrmex Emery, 1912
- Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915
- Tropidomyrmex Silva, Feitosa, Brandão & Diniz, 2009
- Tyrannomyrmex Fernández, 2003
- Stenammini Ashmead, 1905
- Aphaenogaster Mayr, 1853
- Goniomma Emery, 1895
- Messor Forel, 1890
- Novomessor Emery, 1915
- Oxyopomyrmex André, 1881
- †Paraphaenogaster Dlussky, 1981
- Stenamma Westwood, 1839
- Veromessor Forel, 1917
- incertae sedis
- †Afromyrma Dlussky, Brothers & Rasnitsyn, 2004
- †Agastomyrma Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015
- †Bilobomyrma Radchenko & Dlussky, 2013
- †Biamomyrma Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015
- †Boltonidris Radchenko & Dlussky, 2012
- †Brachytarsites Hong, 2002
- †Cephalomyrmex Carpenter, 1930
- †Clavipetiola Hong, 2002
- †Electromyrmex Wheeler, 1910
- †Eocenidris Wilson, 1985
- †Eomyrmex Hong, 1974
- †Fallomyrma Dlussky & Radchenko, 2006
- †Fushunomyrmex Hong, 2002
- †Ilemomyrmex Wilson, 1985
- †Miosolenopsis Zhang, 1989
- †Myrmecites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003
- †Orbigastrula Hong, 2002
- †Quadrulicapito Hong, 2002
- †Quineangulicapito Hong, 2002
- †Sinomyrmex Hong, 2002
- †Solenopsites Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003
- †Sphaerogasterites Hong, 2002
- †Wumyrmex Hong, 2002
- †Zhangidris Bolton, 2003
Referensi
sunting- ^ a b c Bolton, B. (2014). "Myrmicinae". AntCat. Diakses tanggal 26 July 2014.
- ^ Goulet, H & Huber, JT (eds.) (1993) Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada. p. 224
- ^ "Subfamily: Myrmicinae". antweb.org. AntWeb. Diakses tanggal 7 November 2016.
- ^ a b Ward, Philip S.; Brady, Sean G.; Fisher, Brian L.; Schultz, Ted R. (July 2014). "The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Systematic Entomology. 40 (1): 61–81. doi:10.1111/syen.12090. ISSN 1365-3113.
This article incorporates text from a scholarly publication published under a copyright license that allows anyone to reuse, revise, remix and redistribute the materials in any form for any purpose: "Subfamily: Myrmicinae". antweb.org. AntWeb. Diakses tanggal 21 September 2013. Please check the source for the exact licensing terms.
Pranala luar
suntingMedia tentang Myrmicinae di Wikimedia Commons
Informasi terkait dengan Myrmicinae dari Wikispecies.