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nLab smooth topos (Rev #3, changes)

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**synthetic differential geometry** **Introductions** from point-set topology to differentiable manifolds geometry of physics: coordinate systems, smooth spaces, manifolds, smooth homotopy types, supergeometry **Differentials** * differentiation, chain rule * differentiable function * infinitesimal space, infinitesimally thickened point, amazing right adjoint **V-manifolds** * differentiable manifold, coordinate chart, atlas * smooth manifold, smooth structure, exotic smooth structure * analytic manifold, complex manifold * formal smooth manifold, derived smooth manifold **smooth space** * diffeological space, Frölicher space * manifold structure of mapping spaces **Tangency** * tangent bundle, frame bundle * vector field, multivector field, tangent Lie algebroid; * differential forms, de Rham complex, Dolbeault complex * pullback of differential forms, invariant differential form, Maurer-Cartan form, horizontal differential form, * cogerm differential form * integration of differential forms * local diffeomorphism, formally étale morphism * submersion, formally smooth morphism, * immersion, formally unramified morphism, * de Rham space, crystal * infinitesimal disk bundle **The magic algebraic facts** * embedding of smooth manifolds into formal duals of R-algebras * smooth Serre-Swan theorem * derivations of smooth functions are vector fields **Theorems** * Hadamard lemma * Borel's theorem * Boman's theorem * Whitney extension theorem * Steenrod-Wockel approximation theorem * Whitney embedding theorem * Poincare lemma * Stokes theorem * de Rham theorem * Hochschild-Kostant-Rosenberg theorem * differential cohomology hexagon **Axiomatics** * Kock-Lawvere axiom * smooth topos, super smooth topos * microlinear space * integration axiom **cohesion** * (shape modality $\dashv$ flat modality $\dashv$ sharp modality) $(\esh \dashv \flat \dashv \sharp )$ * discrete object, codiscrete object, concrete object * points-to-pieces transform * structures in cohesion * dR-shape modality $\dashv$ dR-flat modality $\esh_{dR} \dashv \flat_{dR}$ **infinitesimal cohesion** * classical modality **tangent cohesion** * differential cohomology diagram **differential cohesion** * (reduction modality $\dashv$ infinitesimal shape modality $\dashv$ infinitesimal flat modality) $(\Re \dashv \Im \dashv \)$ * reduced object, coreduced object, formally smooth object * formally étale map * [structures in differential cohesion](cohesive+%28infinity%2C1%29-topos+--+infinitesimal+cohesion#StructuresInDifferentialCohesion) **graded differential cohesion** * fermionic modality $\dashv$ bosonic modality $\dashv$ rheonomy modality $(\rightrightarrows \dashv \rightsquigarrow \dashv Rh)$ **singular cohesion $$ \array{ id \dashv id \\ \vee \vee \\ \stackrel{fermionic}{} \rightrightarrows \dashv \rightsquigarrow \stackrel{bosonic}{} \\ \bot \bot \\ \stackrel{bosonic}{} \rightsquigarrow \dashv \mathrm{R}\!\!\mathrm{h} \stackrel{rheonomic}{} \\ \vee \vee \\ \stackrel{reduced}{} \Re \dashv \Im \stackrel{infinitesimal}{} \\ \bot \bot \\ \stackrel{infinitesimal}{} \Im \dashv \ \stackrel{\text{étale}}{} \\ \vee \vee \\ \stackrel{cohesive}{} \esh \dashv \flat \stackrel{discrete}{} \\ \bot \bot \\ \stackrel{discrete}{} \flat \dashv \sharp \stackrel{continuous}{} \\ \vee \vee \\ \emptyset \dashv \ast } $$ {#Diagram} **Models** {#models_2} * Models for Smooth Infinitesimal Analysis * smooth algebra ($C^\infty$-ring) * smooth locus * Fermat theory * Cahiers topos * smooth ∞-groupoid * formal smooth ∞-groupoid * super formal smooth ∞-groupoid **Lie theory, ∞-Lie theory** * Lie algebra, Lie n-algebra, L-∞ algebra * Lie group, Lie 2-group, smooth ∞-group **differential equations, variational calculus** * D-geometry, D-module * jet bundle * variational bicomplex, Euler-Lagrange complex * Euler-Lagrange equation, de Donder-Weyl formalism, * phase space **Chern-Weil theory, ∞-Chern-Weil theory** * connection on a bundle, connection on an ∞-bundle * differential cohomology * ordinary differential cohomology, Deligne complex * differential K-theory * differential cobordism cohomology * parallel transport, higher parallel transport, fiber integration in differential cohomology * holonomy, higher holonomy * gauge theory, higher gauge theory * Wilson line, Wilson surface **Cartan geometry (super, higher)** * Klein geometry, (higher) * G-structure, torsion of a G-structure * Euclidean geometry, hyperbolic geometry, elliptic geometry * (pseudo-)Riemannian geometry * orthogonal structure * isometry, Killing vector field, Killing spinor * spacetime, super-spacetime * complex geometry * symplectic geometry * conformal geometry

Contents

Idea

A smooth topos or smooth lined toposlined topos is the kind of topos studied in synthetic differential geometry. a category of generalized smooth spaces for which a notion of infinitesimal space exists.

It is defined to be a category of objects that behave like spaces, one of which – the line object RR – is equipped with the structure of a commutative algebra, such that for infinitesimal objects SR nS \subset R^n all morphisms SRS \to R are linear – i.e. such that the Kock-Lawvere axiom holds.

Definition

There is a standard definition and various straightforward variations.

standard defnition

Definition

A Forlined topos(𝒯,R)(\mathcal{T},R) is alined topos there is the obvious notion of RR-algebra objects AA in TT.

  • a topos TT

  • equipped with a choice of internal ring object (k,+,)(k,+,\cdot)

  • and equipped with a choice (R,+,)(R,+,\cdot) of internal commutative algebra object (R,+,)(R,+,\cdot) over kk.

For AA and BB any two RR-algebra objects, there is the subobject RAlg T(A,B)B AR Alg_T(A,B) \subset B^A of morphisms ABA \to B that are algebra homomorphisms.

Write

Spec(A):=RAlg 𝒯(A,R) Spec(A) := R Alg_{\mathcal{T}}(A,R)

for the algebra spectrum of AA in 𝒯\mathcal{T}.

An RR-Weil algebra WW is an RR-algebra of the form W=RJW = R \oplus J, where JJ is an RR-finite-dimensional nilpotent ideal.

Definition

For (smooth topos)(T,R)(T,R) a lined topos there is the obvious notion of RR-algebra objects AA in TT.

For AAAlined topos andB(𝒯,R) B (\mathcal{T},R) any is two aRRsmooth topos -algebra objects, if there is thesubobject RAlg T(A,B)B AR Alg_T(A,B) \subset B^A of morphisms ABA \to B that are algebra homomorphisms.

Write

Spec(A):=RAlg T(A,R) Spec(A) := R Alg_T(A,R)

for the algebra spectrum of AA in TT.

An RR-Weil algebra WW is an RR-algebra of the form W=RJW = R \oplus J, where JJ is an RR-finite-dimensional nilpotent ideal.

Definition

(smooth topos)

A lined topos (T,R)(T,R) is a smooth topos if

  • the algebra spectra Spec(W)Spec(W) of all Weil algebras WW in TT are infinitesimal objects in that the functor () SpecW:TT(-)^{Spec W} : T \to T has a right adjoint;

  • it satisfies the Kock-Lawvere axiom in that for all RR-Weil algebra objects WW the canonical morphism

    WR Spec(W) W \to R^{Spec(W)}

    is an isomorphism in TT.

variants

There are various immediate variants of this concepts.

super smooth topos

In synthetic differential supergeometry one considers a notion of smooth topos that axiomatizes not just ordinary differential geometry but supergeometry.

A super smooth topos is defined as a smooth topos with the notion of algebra replaced everywhere by superalgebra.

So a super smooth topos is a topos T 𝒯 T \mathcal{T} equipped with a superalgebra object (R,+,)(R, +, \cdot) with even part R eR_e and odd part R oR_o etc.

An algebra spectrum object is now an internal object of superalgebra homomorphisms and the condition is that for every super Weil algebra W=RmW = R \oplus m we have that Spec(W)=RSAlg T 𝒯(W,R) Spec(W) = R SAlg_T(W,R) SAlg_{\mathcal{T}}(W,R) is an infinitesimal object and that WR SpecWW \to R^{Spec W} is an isomorphism.

This means that essentially all the standard general theory of smooth toposes goes through literally for super smooth toposes, too. The main difference is that a super smooth topos contains more types of infinitesimal objects.

There is for instance still the standard even infinitesimal interval

D:=D 1|0:={ϵR e|ϵ 2=0} D := D^{1|0} := \{\epsilon \in R_e | \epsilon^2 = 0\}

but there is now also the odd infinitesimal interval

D 0|1:={θR o}. D^{0|1} := \{\theta \in R_o \} \,.

Notice that in the graded commutative algebra AA every odd element θ\theta automatically squares to 0.

Urs Schreiber: I’d think that the cominatorial/simplicial definition of differential forms in synthetic differential geometry applied verbatim in a super smooth topos automatically yields the right/expected notion of differential forms in supergeometry.

Examples

Dubuc topos

Stein topos

Revision on October 7, 2009 at 13:35:04 by Urs Schreiber See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.