Criminal Justice Research Library

New data and analysis for criminal justice reform

We've added 28 new reports to the Research Library:

Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race-ethnicity, and sex by Frank Edwards, Hedwig Lee, and Michael Esposito, August, 2019
"For young men of color, police use of force is among the leading causes of death." Categories: Race and ethnicity Police and Policing
The National Initiative for Building Community Trust and Justice: Key Process and Outcome Evaluation Findings by Urban Institute, August, 2019
"Although community perceptions improved in the aggregate, views of police and police legitimacy remain largely negative in the neighborhoods most affected by crime and disadvantage." Categories: Police and Policing Race and ethnicity
Promoting Equity with Youth Diversion by R Street, July, 2019
"The full potential of diversion policies and programs are undermined when youth of different racial and ethnic backgrounds do not have the same opportunities to be diverted and are not offered programs with their individual needs in mind." Categories: Youth
Decreasing HIV transmissions to African American women through interventions for men living with HIV post-incarceration: An agent-based modeling study by Adams et al., July, 2019
"Interventions to improve care engagement and decrease sexual risk behaviors post-incarceration for men living with HIV have the potential to decrease HIV incidence within African American heterosexual networks." Categories: Health impact
Fulfilling the Promises of Free Exercise for All: Muslim Prisoner Accommodation in State Prisons by Muslim Advocates, July, 2019
"Despite Muslims constituting a significant and growing share of prisoners, many state departments of correction still have policies that are outdated, under-accommodating, or non-accommodating of Muslim prisoners." Categories: Conditions of Confinement
New York, New York: Highlights of the 2019 Bail Reform Law by Vera Institute of Justice, July, 2019
"If implemented effectively, a conservative estimate of the legislation's impact suggests that New York can expect at least a 40 percent reduction overall in the state's pretrial jail population." Categories: Pretrial Detention
Network exposure and excessive use of force: Investigating the social transmission of police misconduct by Marie Ouellet, Sadaf Hashimi, Jason Gravel, and Andrew V. Papachristos, July, 2019
"Our findings indicate officers' peers may serve as social conduits through which misconduct may be learned and transmitted." Categories: Police and Policing
Changes in Enforcement of Low-Level and Felony Offenses Post-Ferguson: An Analysis of Arrests in St. Louis, Missouri by Lee Ann Slocum, Claire Greene, Beth M. Huebner, and Richard Rosenfeld, July, 2019
"We find that there was an initial reduction in low-level arrests of Whites and Blacks in the wake of Ferguson. Enforcement of misdemeanors and ordinance violations then increased and returned to expected levels, but only for Blacks." Categories: Police and Policing Race and ethnicity
Capital Punishment, 2017: Selected Findings by Bureau of Justice Statistics, July, 2019
"At year-end 2017, a total of 32 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) held 2,703 prisoners under sentence of death, which was 94 (3%) less than at year-end 2016." Categories: Death Penalty
Use of Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Criminal Justice Settings by Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, July, 2019
"Following incarceration, individuals with opioid use disorder enter back into the environment where their substance use originated. Unfortunately, this puts the individual at high risk for relapse." Categories: Drug Policy
Police-Mental Health Collaborations: A Framework for Implementing Effective Law Enforcement Responses for People Who Have Mental Health Needs by Council of State Governments, July, 2019
"Increasingly, officers are called on to be the first--and often the only--responders to calls involving people experiencing a mental health crisis." Categories: Mental Health Police and Policing
As Wall Street Banks Sever Ties, Private Prison Companies Stand to Lose Over $1.9B in Future Financing by Center for Popular Democracy, In the Public Interest, and Public Accountability Initiative, July, 2019
"Given the six banks' commitments to provide no new financing, GEO Group and CoreCivic will potentially face a $1.9 billion shortfall when the current agreements expire." Categories: Privatization
Can't Pay, Can't Vote: A National Survey on the Modern Poll Tax by Campaign Legal Center and the Civil Rights Clinic at Georgetown Law, July, 2019
"But, the majority of states condition rights restoration, either explicitly or implicitly, on the payment of legal financial obligations." Categories: Felon Disenfranchisement Poverty and wealth
Still Worse Than Second-Class: Solitary Confinement of Women in the United States by ACLU, June, 2019
"Nearly 70 percent of women in prison or jail have a history of mental health conditions--a much higher rate than for men in prison or jail. Solitary confinement has been shown to exacerbate underlying mental health conditions." Categories: Women Conditions of Confinement
Not in Isolation: How to Reduce Room Confinement While Increasing Safety in Youth Facilities by Stop Solitary for Kids, June, 2019
"It is more critical than ever that youth justice facility and agency administrators develop alternatives to room confinement consistent with evolving best practices, professional standards, and an understanding of adolescent development." Categories: Youth Conditions of Confinement
Louisiana on Lockdown: A Report on the Use of Solitary Confinement in Louisiana State Prisons, With Testimony From the People Who Live It by Solitary Watch, ACLU LA, and Jesuit Social Research Institute, June, 2019
"The Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections (LADOC) reported that 19 percent of the men in its state prisons--2,709 in all--had been in solitary confnement for more than two weeks. Many had been there for years or even decades." Categories: Conditions of Confinement
The California Death Penalty is Discriminatory, Unfair, and Officially Suspended. So Why Does Los Angeles District Attorney Jackie Lacey Still Seek to Use It? by ACLU, June, 2019
"All of the 22 people who have received death sentences while Lacey has been in office are people of color." Categories: Death Penalty Race and ethnicity
LGBTQ Youth of Color Impacted by the Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice Systems: A Research Agenda by UCLA Williams Institute, June, 2019
"LGBTQ youth of color appear to stay longer in child welfare and juvenile justice systems and to be at elevated risk of discrimination and violence once system-involved compared to other groups of youth." Categories: LGBT Race and ethnicity
Does our county really need a bigger jail? A guide for avoiding unnecessary jail expansion by Prison Policy Initiative, May, 2019
"Counties will likely find that most people incarcerated in their local jail do not need to be incarcerated and would be better served in the community, allowing the county to avoid the costly and harmful route of jail expansion altogether." Categories: Jails
Reducing Crime Through Environmental Design: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment of Street Lighting in New York City by Crime Lab New York & Science in Service of Cities, April, 2019
"After accounting for potential spatial spillovers, we find that the provision of street lights led, at a minimum, to a 36 percent reduction in nighttime outdoor index crimes." Categories: Crime and Crime Rates
Examining Judicial Pretrial Release Decisions: The Influence of Risk Assessments and Race by Brian P. Schaefer and Tom Hughes, January, 2019
"The findings indicate that Black, moderate or high risk felony arrestees are more likely to be required to post a financial bond than non-financial bond compared to their White or lower risk counterparts." Categories: Pretrial Detention Race and ethnicity
Managing Mental Illness in Jails: Sheriffs Are Finding Promising New Approaches by Police Executive Research Forum, September, 2018
"The mental health crisis in the United States has been thrust upon America's correctional agencies." Categories: Mental Health
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Arrests for Drug Possession After California Proposition 47, 2011-2016 by Mooney et al., August, 2018
"Reducing criminal penalties for drug possession can reduce racial/ethnic disparities in criminal justice exposure and has implications for improving health inequalities linked to social determinants of health." Categories: Race and ethnicity Drug Policy
Collective Bargaining and Police Misconduct: Evidence from Florida by Dhammika Dharmapala, Richard H. McAdams, and John Rappaport, January, 2018
"Collective bargaining rights lead to about a 27% increase in complaints of officer misconduct for the typical sheriff's office." Categories: Police and Policing
The Impact of Police on Criminal Justice Reform: Evidence from Cincinnati, Ohio by Robin S. Engel, Nicholas Corsaro, M. Murat Ozer, May, 2017
"When arrest becomes systematically viewed by police as a limited and precious commodity, to be used sparingly and for the most chronic or serious offenders, change throughout the criminal justice system will likely result." Categories: Police and Policing Jails
Cumulative Sexual Victimization and Mental Health Outcomes Among Incarcerated Women by Jennifer Hartsfield, Susan F. Sharp, and Sonya Conner, March, 2017
"Our findings confirm prior research about the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among women prisoners with more than half of the respondents reported experiencing childhood sexual abuse, similar to past research." Categories: Women
Effect of Pretrial Detention in Oregon by Oregon Criminal Justice Commission, 2015
"After controlling for several factors (e.g., criminal history), our analyses reveal that detained defendants were more than twice as likely to be incarcerated as part of their sentence compared to those who were released prior to their disposition.." Categories: Pretrial Detention
Survey of law enforcement access to sealed non-conviction records by Collateral Consequences Resource Center, 2015
"25 states, plus two territories, the District of Columbia and the Federal system, exempt law enforcement agencies generally from sealing or expungement laws, or in a few cases have no law authorizing sealing of non-conviction records." Categories: Police and Policing

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