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'''Duxford flyplass''' er en gammel militær flyplass brukt av Royal Air Force og US Army Air Force fram til 1968. Den ligger ved landsbyen Duxford i Cambridgeshire. Flyplassen huser Storbrittannias største flymuseum som er del av Imperial War Museum siden 1976.
Det er fleresyv store hangarer med et stort antall fly, kjøretøyer, antiluftskyts og mindre marinefartøyer. Mange av flyene er krigsfly fra 2. verdenskrig. Museet har også store mengder bøker, kart, bilder, våpen og annet utstyr i museets lagre og utstillinger. I 2012 ble mange store gjenstander flyttet fra museets samlinger i London til Duxford. Det er en egen stor bygning med mange fly fra USA.
Ved museet foregår betydelig restaurering og annet vedlikehold for en stor del av frivillige. Det er fri entre ved flere av museene under Imperial War Museum, men i Duxford er det vanligvis krevet billett.
}}</ref> A digital archive of the project,<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.tpyfdigitalarchive.org.uk/
| title = TPFY Digital Archive
| author = [[University of London Computer Centre]]
| accessdate =2. mars 2011}}</ref> online exhibitions and learning resources were also produced.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.theirpast-yourfuture.org.uk/
| title = Their Past Your Future: Learning Resources for Teaching History
| author = Imperial War Museum
| accessdate =2. mars 2011}}</ref>
In October 2011 the museum [[brand|rebranded]] itself as Imperial War Museums, the initials IWM forming the basis of a new corporate logo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/sites/default/files/press-release/New_Brand_Press_Release.pdf |title=IWM Launches New Brand |author=Imperial War Museum |date=3. oktober 2011 |work=iwm.org.uk |publisher= |accessdate=6. mars 2012}}</ref>
In September 2011 the museum secured funding from [[NESTA]], the [[Arts and Humanities Research Council]] and [[Arts Council England]] to develop 'social interpretation' systems to allow visitors to comment on, collect, and share museum objects via social media.<ref name=NESTA>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nesta.org.uk/press_releases/assets/features/eight_finalists_chosen_to_pioneer_digital_research_and_development_projects |date=26. september 2011 |author=[[NESTA]] |title=Eight finalists chosen to pioneer digital R&D projects |accessdate=14. april 2012}}</ref> These systems were incorporated in 'A Family in Wartime' an exhibition at IWM London depicting British family life during the Second World War, which opened in April 2012.<ref name=socintguardian>{{cite news |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture-professionals-network/culture-professionals-blog/2012/apr/13/social-interpretation-imperial-war-museum |title=Innovation in arts and culture #2: the Social Interpretation project at IWM |author=Audas, Jane |date=13. april 2012 |work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=14. april 2012}}</ref>
===First World War centenary: 2014===
In August 2009 the Museum announced the creation of the Imperial War Museum Foundation. Chaired by [[Jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere|Jonathon Harmsworth]] the foundation was charged with raising funds to support the redevelopment of Imperial War Museum London's permanent galleries.<ref>Steel, Patrick (August 2009) 'IWM sets up foundation to fund gallery revamp' ''Museums Journal'' Volume 109 No. 8, p. 6</ref> In December 2010 plans were announced to redevelop IWM London's First World War gallery in time for the [[First World War centenary|conflict's centenary]] in 2014,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23905308-museum-put-on-new-war-footing-with-pound-71m-rebuild.do |title=Museum put on new war footing with £71m rebuild
|author=Lydall, Ross |date=9. desember 2010 |work=[[Evening Standard]] |publisher= |accessdate=9. desember 2010}},</ref> and [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge]] became the foundation's patron.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/mediacentre/pressreleases/prince_william_to_become_patron_of_the_imperial_war_museum_f_122973838.html |title=Prince William to become Patron of the Imperial War Museum Foundation's First World War Centenary Appeal |author=[[Clarence House]] |date=9. desember 2010 |work= |publisher= |accessdate=9. desember 2010}}</ref> In a speech at IWM London on 11 October 2012, Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] announced an additional £5 million of government funding to support the museum's redevelopment, as part of funding arrangements to facilitate national centenary commemorations.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/news/ww1-centenary
|title=Plans to mark World War I centenary announced
|date=11. oktober 2012
|accessdate=12. oktober 2012
|work=number10.gov.uk
|publisher=HM Government}}</ref> The £40 million redevelopment, designed by [[Foster and Partners]], provides new gallery spaces dedicated to the history of the First World War, a new central hall, easier navigation and improved visitor facilities, access and circulation.<ref name=transformiwm>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/visits/iwm-london/transforming-iwm-london|title=Transforming IWM London |author=Imperial War Museum |year=2013 |work=iwm.org.uk |publisher= |accessdate=15. september 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dezeen.com/2014/07/16/foster-partners-first-world-war-galleries-imperial-war-museum |title=Foster + Partners adds First World War galleries to London's Imperial War Museum |year=2014 |publisher= [[Dezeen]] |accessdate=6. desember 2014}}</ref> In preparation for building work, a number of galleries were closed during September 2012,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/sites/default/files/press-release/PR-IWML-Oct-December2012-09-25.pdf
|title=Listings - IWM London: October, November and December 2012 [press release]
|date=25. september 2012
|accessdate=15. september 2013
|publisher=IWM}}</ref> and by December 2012 over sixty large objects had been removed from the IWM London atrium for conservation at Duxford.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/sites/default/files/press-release/IWML-PR_SpitfireLowering2.pdf
|title=Battle of Britain Spitfire set to leave IWM London before museum temporarily closes for six months from 2 January – July 2013 [press release]
|date=13. desember 2012
|accessdate=15. september 2013
|publisher=IWM}}</ref> To allow building work to go ahead, IWM London closed to the public on 2 January 2013. The museum partially reopened on 29 July 2013.<ref>{{cite web
|title=IWM London partially re-opens [press release]
|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/sites/default/files/press-release/PR-IWM-London-Re-opens-partially.pdf
|date=29. juli 2013
|accessdate=15. september 2013
|publisher=IWM}}</ref>
[[File:Imperialwarmuseumduxfordairspacecrop.jpg|alt=Various aircraft, large and small, exhibited in a hangar.|thumb|AirSpace at [[Imperial War Museum Duxford|IWM Duxford]].]]
IWM London was formally reopened on 17 July 2014 by [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2695844/Prince-William-officially-opens-Imperial-War-Museums-new-First-World-War-galleries-visits-begin-following-40m-refurbishment.html |newspaper=Daily Mail |first=Rebecca |last=English |title=Prince William and David Cameron officially open Imperial War Museum's new First World War galleries as visits begin following £40m refurbishment |date=17. juli 2014 |accessdate=18. juli 2014}}</ref>
{{wideimage|IWM 2014 5760.jpg|1000px|The new atrium, July 2014. The exhibits include a [[Supermarine Spitfire]], a [[V-1 flying bomb]], a [[V-2 rocket]], a [[Harrier Jump Jet]], and [[Jeremy Deller]]'s ''Baghdad, 5 March 2007'', the wreckage of a car destroyed by a bomb during the [[Iraq War]].}}
[[File:Imperialwarmuseumduxfordairspacecrop.jpg|alt=Various aircraft, large and small, exhibited in a hangar.|thumb|AirSpace at [[Imperial War Museum Duxford|IWM Duxford]].]]Imperial War Museum Duxford, near the village of [[Duxford]] in [[Cambridgeshire]], is Britain's largest [[aviation museum]].<ref name=Holt>Holt, John (September 2008) 'Air play' ''Museums Journal'' Vol.108 No.9 pp. 32–35</ref> Duxford houses the museum's large exhibits, including nearly 200 [[aircraft]], military vehicles, artillery and minor naval vessels in seven main exhibitions buildings.<ref name=A&V>For a list of aircraft, vehicles and boats at Duxford, see {{cite web |date=November 2011 |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/sites/default/files/public-document/IWMDuxford_Aircraft_Vehicles_List.pdf |title=IWM Duxford: Aircraft and Vehicles |publisher=Imperial War Museum |accessdate=2. februar 2012}}</ref> The site also provides storage space for the museum's collections of film, photographs, documents, books and artefacts. The site accommodates a number of [[British Army]] regimental museums, including those of the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]] and the [[Royal Anglian Regiment]]. ▼==Branches==
From the 1970s onwards the Imperial War Museum began to expand onto other sites. The first branch, [[Imperial War Museum Duxford]] opened to the public on a regular basis in June 1976.<ref>Garvey, Jude (1982) ''A guide to the transport museums of Great Britain'' (London: Pelham Books) 0720714044 p. 100</ref> [[HMS Belfast (C35)|HMS Belfast]] became a branch of the museum in 1978.<ref name="Wingate">{{cite book |title=In Trust for the Nation: HMS Belfast 1939–1972 |last=Wingate |first=John |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2004 |publisher=Imperial War Museum |location=London |isbn=1-901623-72-6 |page=Postscript}}</ref> The [[Cabinet War Rooms]] opened in 1984, and [[Imperial War Museum North]] in 2002.
===Imperial War Museum London===
====Architecture and layout====
[[File:BethlemSteelEngraving1828.png|thumb|A view of [[Bethlem Royal Hospital]] in 1828]]
The museum has occupied the former Bethlem Royal Hospital on [[Lambeth Road]] since 1936. The hospital building was designed by the hospital surveyor, James Lewis, from plans submitted by [[John Peter Gandy|John Gandy]] and other architects, and construction completed in October 1814. The hospital consisted of a range of buildings 580 feet long with a basement and three storeys, parallel to [[Lambeth Road]], with a central entrance under a [[portico]].<ref name=britishhistoryonline/>
The building was substantially altered in 1835 by architect [[Sydney Smirke]]. In order to provide more space, he added blocks at either end of the frontage, and galleried wings on either side of the central portion. He also added a small single-storey lodge, still in existence, at the [[Lambeth Road]] gate. Later, between 1844–46, the central [[cupola]] was replaced with a copper-clad dome in order to expand the [[chapel]] beneath. The building also featured a theatre in a building to the rear of the site.<ref name=britishhistoryonline>
{{cite book |editor1-first=Ida |editor1-last=Darlington |title=[[Survey of London]]: volume 25: St George's Fields (The parishes of St. George the Martyr Southwark and St. Mary Newington)
|trans_title= |chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=65447
|archiveurl= |archivedate= |format= |accessdate=29. januar 2012 |year=1955 |publisher=[[British History Online]]|pages=76–80 |chapter=Bethlem Hospital (Imperial War Museum)}}</ref>
The building remained substantially unchanged until vacated by the hospital in 1930. After the [[Freehold (English law)|freehold]] was purchased by [[Lord Rothermere]], the wings were demolished to leave the original central portion (with the dome now appearing disproportionately tall) and Smirke's later wings. When the museum moved into the building in 1936 the ground floor of the central portion was occupied by the principal art gallery, with the east wing housing the Naval gallery and the west wing the Army gallery. The Air Force gallery was housed in the former theatre. The first floor comprised further art galleries (including rooms dedicated to [[William Orpen]] and [[John Lavery]]), a gallery on [[Women's roles in the World Wars|women's war work]], and exhibits relating to transport and signals. The first floor also housed the museum's photograph collection. The second floor housed the museum's library in its west wing, and in the east wing the [[map]] collection and stored pictures and drawings.<ref>'War Museum in Its New Home – Arrangement of the Exhibits', ''The Times'' 16 June 1936, Issue 47402, page 14 column B</ref> This division of exhibits by service, and by civil or military activity, persisted until a wide-ranging redisplay of the galleries from the 1960s onwards. In September 1972 the building received Grade II [[listed building]] status.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1385640 |title=Building Details: Imperial War Museum |author=[[English Heritage]] |date= |work=Listed Buildings Online |publisher= |accessdate=8. januar 2012}}</ref>
The original hospital building is now largely occupied by corporate offices. The 1966 extension houses the library, art store, and document archives while the 1980s redevelopments created exhibition space over five floors. The first stage created 8,000 m<sup>2</sup> of gallery space of which 4,600 m<sup>2</sup> was new, and the second provided a further 1,600 m<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=arupjournal/> The final phase, the Southwest Infill, was partly funded by a £12.6 million grant from the [[Heritage Lottery Fund]]<ref>Heritage Lottery Fund – [http://www.hlf.org.uk/NR/rdonlyres/B85BA647-2141-45B9-9E64-6797848763E2/0/10WW2FACTSHEET.pdf Second World War 60 Years On: remembering, learning, commemorating] Accessed 10 March 2009.</ref> and provided 5,860m<sup>2</sup> of gallery space and educational facilities over six floors.<ref>Duncan, Sue (29 November 2001) ''The Architects' Journal'' [http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/sensitive-choices/185822.article Sensitive choices]. Retrieved 14 July 2009</ref> Before the 2013-14 redevelopment, the basement was occupied by permanent galleries on the First and Second World Wars, and of conflicts after 1945. The ground floor comprised the atrium, cinema, temporary exhibition spaces, and visitor facilities. The first floor included the atrium mezzanine, education facilities, and a permanent gallery, ''Secret War'', exploring [[special forces]], [[espionage]] and [[covert operation]]s. The second floor included the atrium viewing balcony, two art galleries, a temporary exhibition area and the permanent ''Crimes against Humanity'' exhibition. The third floor housed the permanent ''Holocaust Exhibition'', and the fourth floor, a [[vault (architecture)|vaulted]] roof space, accommodated the Lord Ashcroft Gallery. Opened in November 2010 the gallery exhibits the museum's [[Victoria Cross]] (VC) and [[George Cross]] collection, alongside the private VC collection amassed by [[Michael Ashcroft, Baron Ashcroft|Michael Ashcroft]], 241 medals in total.<ref name=arupjournal/><ref>Imperial War Museum (2009) [http://london.iwm.org.uk/upload/pdf/IWML_Floorplan_August_09.pdf Imperial War Museum London map] Accessed 12 April 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.culture24.org.uk/history+%26+heritage/war+%26+conflict/art312514 |title=Extraordinary stories revealed as the Imperial War Museum opens The Lord Ashcroft Gallery |first=Richard |last=Moss |date=9. november 2010 |publisher=[[Culture24]] |accessdate=12. november 2010}}</ref>
====All Saints Annexe====
In 1989 the museum acquired the All Saints Annexe, a former hospital building in Austral Street off [[West Square]]. The 1867 building, which backs onto [[Geraldine Mary Harmsworth Park]], was originally an orphanage opened by local [[philanthropist]] [[Charlotte Sharman]], then later used as a hospital. It houses the museum's photographic, film and sound archives, and offices.<ref>Archives in London and the M25 Area [http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=11830&inst_id=118&nv1=search&nv2= All Saints Hospital]. Retrieved 20 August 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.ezitis.myzen.co.uk/allsaints.html Lost Hospitals of London]. Retrieved 14 April 2010.</ref>
===Imperial War Museum Duxford===
{{main|Imperial War Museum Duxford}}
▲[[File:Imperialwarmuseumduxfordairspacecrop.jpg|alt=Various aircraft, large and small, exhibited in a hangar.|thumb|AirSpace at [[Imperial War Museum Duxford|IWM Duxford]].]]Imperial War Museum Duxford, near the village of [[Duxford]] in [[Cambridgeshire]], is Britain's largest [[aviation museum]].<ref name=Holt>Holt, John (September 2008) 'Air play' ''Museums Journal'' Vol.108 No.9 pp. 32–35</ref> Duxford houses the museum's large exhibits, including nearly 200 [[aircraft]], military vehicles, artillery and minor naval vessels in seven main exhibitions buildings.<ref name=A&V>For a list of aircraft, vehicles and boats at Duxford, see {{cite web |date=November 2011 |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/sites/default/files/public-document/IWMDuxford_Aircraft_Vehicles_List.pdf |title=IWM Duxford: Aircraft and Vehicles |publisher=Imperial War Museum |accessdate=2. februar 2012}}</ref> The site also provides storage space for the museum's collections of film, photographs, documents, books and artefacts. The site accommodates a number of [[British Army]] regimental museums, including those of the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]] and the [[Royal Anglian Regiment]].
Based on the historic [[Duxford Aerodrome]], the site was originally operated by the [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) during the [[First World War]]. During the [[Second World War]] Duxford played a prominent role during the [[Battle of Britain]] and was later used by [[United States Army Air Forces]] fighter units in support of the [[Strategic bombing during World War II#US bombing in Europe|daylight bombing]] of Germany. Duxford remained an active RAF airfield until 1961. Many of Duxford's original buildings, such as [[hangar]]s used during the Battle of Britain, are still in use. A number of these buildings are of architectural or historic significance and over thirty have [[listed building]] status.<ref name=IWMDhistoric>Imperial War Museum Duxford (2009) [http://duxford.iwm.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.5713 Historic Duxford]. Retrieved 15 September 2009.</ref> The site also features a number of purpose-built exhibition buildings, such as the [[Stirling Prize]]-winning American Air Museum, designed by [[Norman Foster (architect)|Sir Norman Foster]]. The site remains an active airfield and is used by a number of civilian flying companies, and hosts regular [[air show]]s. The site is operated in partnership with [[Cambridgeshire County Council]] and the Duxford Aviation Society, a charity formed in 1975 to preserve [[civil aircraft]] and promote appreciation of British civil aviation history.
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