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Duxford flyplass

aerodrom på siden av den tidlige RAF Duxford, inkluderer nå Imperial War Museum Duxford
Sideversjon per 20. feb. 2016 kl. 18:57 av Reodor (diskusjon | bidrag)

Mal:Under oversettelse


Duxford flyplass er en gammel militær flyplass brukt av Royal Air Force fra første verdenskrig og US Army Air Force fram til 1961. Den ligger ved landsbyen Duxford i Cambridgeshire. Flyplassen huser Storbrittannias største flymuseum som er del av Imperial War Museum siden 1976.

Det er syv store hangarer med over 200 fly. Mange av flyene er krigsfly fra 2. verdenskrig. Det er også kjøretøyer, antiluftskyts og mindre marinefartøyer. Museet har også store mengder bøker, kart, bilder, våpen og annet utstyr i museets lagre og utstillinger. I 2012 ble mange store gjenstander flyttet fra museets samlinger i London til Duxford.

Det er en egen stor bygning med mange fly fra USA.

Ved museet foregår betydelig restaurering og annet vedlikehold for en stor del av frivillige. Det er fri entre ved flere av museene under Imperial War Museum, men i Duxford er det vanligvis krevet billett.

Flere britiske regimentmuseer holder hus i anlegget, deriblandt fallskjermregimentet og "Royal Anglian Regiment".

Flyplassen drives av myndighetene i grevskapet Cambridgeshire og av stiftelsen Duxford Aviation Society for å fremme allmennflyging og for å ta vare på britisk sivil flyhistorie.

Det arrangeres store flystevner i juli og i september

Various aircraft, large and small, exhibited in a hangar.
Noe av flysamlingen ved Imperial War Museum Duxford.

Under bombingen av Tyskland under 2.verdenskrig ble plassen benyttet av amerikanske jagerfly.



Based on the historic Duxford Aerodrome, the site was originally operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the First World War. During the Second World War Duxford played a prominent role during the Battle of Britain and was later used by United States Army Air Forces fighter units in support of the daylight bombing of Germany. Duxford remained an active RAF airfield until 1961. Many of Duxford's original buildings, such as hangars used during the Battle of Britain, are still in use. A number of these buildings are of architectural or historic significance and over thirty have listed building status.[1] The site also features a number of purpose-built exhibition buildings, such as the Stirling Prize-winning American Air Museum, designed by Sir Norman Foster. The site remains an active airfield and is used by a number of civilian flying companies, and hosts regular air shows. The site is operated in partnership with Cambridgeshire County Council and the Duxford Aviation Society, a charity formed in 1975 to preserve civil aircraft and promote appreciation of British civil aviation history.

HMS Belfast

Utdypende artikkel: HMS Belfast (C35)

HMS Belfast at her berth in the Pool of London

HMS Belfast, a Town class cruiser, was launched in 1938 and served throughout the Second World War, participating in the December 1943 Battle of North Cape and firing some of the first shots of Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944. She saw further combat in the Korean War. Expected to be disposed of as scrap after she was decommissioned in 1963, in 1967 efforts were initiated to preserve Belfast as a museum ship. A joint committee of the Imperial War Museum, the National Maritime Museum and the Ministry of Defence was established, and reported in June 1968 that preservation was practical. In 1971 the government decided against preservation, prompting the formation of the private HMS Belfast Trust to campaign for her to be saved for the nation. The Trust was successful in its efforts, and the government transferred the ship to the Trust in July 1971. Brought to London, she was moored on the River Thames near Tower Bridge in the Pool of London. Opened to the public in October 1971 Belfast became a branch of the Imperial War Museum on 1 March 1978, being acknowledged by the then Secretary of State for Education and Science, Shirley Williams, as 'a unique demonstration of an important phase of our history and technology'.[2] In service for 24 years HMS Belfast was in Frankland's opinion, capable of representing 'a whole generation of [historical evidence]'.[3]

Churchill War Rooms

Utdypende artikkel: Churchill War Rooms

The Map Room of the Cabinet War Rooms

The Cabinet War Rooms is an underground complex that served as a British government command centre throughout the Second World War. Located beneath the Treasury building in the Whitehall area of Westminster, the facilities became operational in 1939 and were in constant use until their abandonment in August 1945 after the surrender of Japan. Their historical value was recognised early on, and the public were able to visit by appointment. However, the practicalities of allowing public access to a site beneath a working government office meant that only 4,500 of 30–40,000 annual applicants to visit the War Rooms could be admitted.[4] The museum agreed to take over the administration of the site in 1982,[4] a development keenly supported by the then Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, an admirer of Britain's wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Thatcher opened the War Rooms in April 1984. In 2003 a further suite of rooms, used as accommodation by Churchill, his wife and close associates, were added to the museum. The restoration of these rooms, which since the war had been stripped out and used for storage, cost £7.5 million.[5] In 2005 the War Rooms were rebranded as the Churchill Museum and Cabinet War Rooms, with 850 m2 of the site redeveloped as a biographical museum exploring Churchill's life. The development of the Churchill Museum cost a further £6 million. The centrepiece is a 15m interactive table which enables visitors to access digitised material, particularly from the Churchill Archives Centre, via an 'electronic filing cabinet'.[6] The museum was renamed the Churchill War Rooms in 2010.

Imperial War Museum North

Utdypende artikkel: Imperial War Museum North

Entrance of Imperial War Museum North in Manchester

The Imperial War Museum North was opened in Trafford, Greater Manchester in 2002. It was the first branch of the museum outside southeast England, and the first to be purpose-built as a museum. Designed by architect Daniel Libeskind, Imperial War Museum North was his first building in Britain. Libeskind’s building, overlooking the Manchester Ship Canal at Salford Quays, was based on the concept of a globe shattered by conflict into shards and reassembled. These shards, representing earth, air and water, give the building its shape.[7] Originally budgeted at £40 million, the museum was eventually completed for £28.5 million after anticipated funding was not forthcoming. The museum was funded by local, national and European development agencies, by private donations and by Peel Holdings, a local transport and property company which contributed £12.5 million.[8][9]

The museum's first floor main gallery space houses the permanent exhibitions. These consist of a chronological display which runs around the gallery's 200m perimeter and six thematic displays in 'silos' within the space. The walls of the gallery space are used as screens for the projection of an hourly audiovisual presentation, the Big Picture. The main gallery, described as cavernous and dramatic,[10][11] includes objects such as a Russian T-34 tank, a United States Marine Corps AV-8A Harrier jet, and a British 13-pounder field gun which fired the British Army's first shot of the First World War.[12] The museum also hosts a programme of temporary exhibitions, mounted in a separate gallery.[13]

Collections

Mal:Category see also

 
The museum's collection includes this photograph of Montgomery in his tank along with the tank itself, his command caravans and staff car,[14] and his papers.[15][16]

The Imperial War Museum's original collections date back to the material amassed by the National War Museum Committee. The present departmental organisation came into being during the 1960s as part of Frankland's reorganisation of the museum. The 1970s saw oral history gain increasing prominence and in 1972 the museum created the Department of Sound Records (now the Sound Archive) to record interviews with individuals who had experienced the First World War. The museum maintains an online database of its collections.[17]

Documents

The museum's documents archive seeks to collect and preserve the private papers of individuals who have experienced modern warfare. The archive's holdings range from the papers of senior British and Commonwealth army, navy and air officers, to the letters, diaries and memoirs of lower-ranked servicemen and of civilians. The collection includes the papers of Field Marshals Bernard Montgomery,[16] and Sir John French.[18] The archive also includes large collections of foreign documents, such as captured German Second World War documents previously held by the Cabinet Office Historical Section, Air Historical Branch and other British government bodies. The foreign collection also includes captured Japanese material transferred from the Cabinet Office. The collection also includes files on Victoria and George Cross recipients, and correspondence relating to the BBC documentary The Great War.[19] The documents collection also includes the UK National Inventory of War Memorials.[20] In 2012 the museum reported its documents collection to contain 24,800 collections of papers.[21]

Art

The museum's art collection includes paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, and works in film, photography and sound.[22] The collection originated during the First World War, when the museum acquired works that it had itself commissioned, as well as works commissioned by the Ministry of Information's British War Memorials Committee. As early as 1920 the art collection held over 3,000 works[23] and included pieces by John Singer Sargent, Wyndham Lewis, John Nash and Christopher Nevinson. Notable First World War works include Sargent's Gassed[24] and other works commissioned for an, unbuilt, Hall of Remembrance.[25] The collection expanded again after the Second World War, receiving thousands of works sponsored by the Ministry of Information's War Artists' Advisory Committee.[26] In 1972 the museum established the Artistic Records Committee (since renamed the Art Commissions Committee) to commission artists to cover contemporary conflicts.[27] Commissioned artists include Ken Howard, Linda Kitson, John Keane, Peter Howson, Steve McQueen (see Queen and Country) and Langlands & Bell, responding to conflicts in Northern Ireland, the Falklands, the Persian Gulf, Bosnia, Iraq and Afghanistan.[28][29][30][31][32] The collection also includes over twenty thousand items of publicity material such as posters, postcards, and proclamations from both world wars, and more recent material such as posters issued by anti-war organisations such as the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and the Stop the War Coalition.[22] The museum's collection is represented in digital resources such as the Visual Arts Data Service (VADS),[33] and Google Art Project.[34] In 2012 the museum reported the total size of its art collection as 84,980 items.[21]

 
A still from The Battle of the Somme, preserved by the museum's film archive.

Film

The museum's Film and Video Archive is one of the oldest film archives in the world.[35][36][37] The archive preserves a range of historically significant film and video material, including the official British film record of the First World War. Notable among the archive's First World War holdings is The Battle of the Somme, a pioneering 1916 documentary film (which was inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World register in 2005), and Der Magische Gürtel, a German 1917 propaganda film about the submarine U-35.[38] The archive's Second World War holdings include unedited film shot by British military cameramen, which document combat actions such as the British landings on D-Day in June 1944,[39] and the liberation of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in April 1945.[40] The archive also holds government information films and propaganda features such as Target for Tonight and Desert Victory. The archive's post-Second World War collections include material from the Korean War, Cold War material, the former film library of NATO, and material produced by the United Nations UNTV service in Bosnia. As an official repository under the 1958 Public Records Act, the archive continues to receive material from the Ministry of Defence. The archive also seeks to acquire amateur film taken by both service personnel and civilian cameramen.[41] Material from the collection was used to make a number of well-known TV documentary series including The Great War and The World at War. In 2012 the museum reported the size of its film archive as being in excess of 23,000 hours of film, video and digital footage.[21]

Photographs

The museum's Photograph Archive preserves photographs by official, amateur and professional photographers. The collection includes the official British photographic record of the two world wars; the First World War collection includes the work of photographers such as Ernest Brooks and John Warwick Brooke.[42][43] The archive also holds 150,000 British aerial photographs from the First World War,[44] the largest collection of its kind.[45] The Second World War collection includes the work of photographers such as Bill Brandt, Cecil Beaton[46] and Bert Hardy.[47] Like the Film Archive, the Photograph Archive is an official repository under the 1958 Public Records Act, and as such continues to receive material from the Ministry of Defence. In 2012 the museum reported the size of its photographic holdings as approximately 11 million images in 17,263 collections.[21]

Exhibits

The museum's exhibits collection includes a wide range of objects, organised into numerous smaller collections such as uniforms, badges, insignia and flags (including a Canadian Red Ensign carried at Vimy Ridge in 1917,[48] a Union flag from the 1942 British surrender of Singapore,[49] and another found among the wreckage of the World Trade Center following the September 11 attacks);[50] personal mementoes, souvenirs and miscellanea such as trench art;[51][52] orders, medals and decorations (including collections of Victoria and George Crosses); military equipment; firearms and ammunition, ordnance, edged weapons, clubs (such as trench clubs)[53] and other weapons, and vehicles, aircraft and ships. The museum holds the national collection of modern firearms.[21] The firearms collection includes a rifle used by T. E. Lawrence,[54] and an automatic pistol owned by Winston Churchill.[55] The ordnance collection includes artillery pieces that participated in notable battles, such as the Néry gun, a field gun that was used during the 1914 action at Néry,[56] and equipment captured from enemy forces. The museum's vehicles collection includes Ole Bill, a bus used by British forces in the First World War,[57] and a number of vehicles used by Field Marshal Montgomery during the Second World War.[58] The museum's aircraft collection includes aircraft that are notable for their rarity, such as the only complete and original Royal Aircraft Factory R.E.8 in existence and one of only two surviving TSR-2 strike aircraft,[59][60] and aircraft associated with particular actions, such as a Supermarine Spitfire flown during the Battle of Britain. The museum's naval collection includes HM Coastal Motor Boat 4 and a midget submarine HMS XE8.[61][62] In 2012 the museum reported its exhibits collection to contain 155,000 objects and a further 357 vehicles and aircraft.[21]

Library

The museum's library is a national reference collection on modern conflict, and holds works on all aspects of warfare, including regimental or unit histories (such as 789 rare German unit histories from the First World War),[63] technical manuals, biographical material and works on war's social, cultural, economic, political and military aspects. The library also holds printed ephemera such as the Imperial War Museum Stamp Collection,[64] leaflets and ration books, printed proclamations, newspapers, trench magazines (such the Wipers Times) and trench maps.[63] In 2012 the museum reported its library collection to contain over 80,000 items of historic importance (such as maps, proclamations and rare books) and a further 254,000 items of reference material.[21]

Sound

The museum's Sound Archive holds 33,000 sound recordings, including a large collection of oral history recordings of witnesses to conflicts since 1914.[65] The museum's sound collection originated in 1972 with the creation of the Department of Sound Records and the instigation of an oral history recording programme. The sound collection opened to the public in July 1977.[66] The collection also includes recordings made by the BBC during the Second World War, actuality sound effects, broadcasts, speeches and poetry. As part of the museum's First World War centenary programme, the museum is producing Voices of the First World War, a podcast series drawing upon the museum's oral history recordings.[67] In 2012 the museum reported the size of its sound collection as 37,000 hours.[21]

Governance

The Imperial War Museum is an executive non-departmental public body under the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, from which it receives financial support in the form of a grant-in-aid. The governance of the museum is the responsibility of a Board of Trustees, originally established by the Imperial War Museum Act 1920,[68] later amended by the Imperial War Museum Act 1955[69] and the Museums and Galleries Act 1992 and other relevant legislation. The board comprises a president (currently Prince Edward, Duke of Kent) who is appointed by the sovereign, and fourteen members appointed in varying proportions by the Prime Minister, and the Foreign, Defence, and Culture Secretaries. Seven further members are Commonwealth High Commissioners appointed ex officio by their respective governments. As of January 2012 the Chairman of the Trustees is Sir Francis Richards and his deputy is Lieutenant-General Sir John Kiszely.[70][71][72] Past chairmen have included Admiral Sir Deric Holland-Martin (1967–77),[73] Admiral of the Fleet Sir Algernon Willis[74] and Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir John Grandy (trustee 1971–78, Chairman 1978–89). During the Second World War Grandy had commanded RAF Duxford, and was chairman during the planning of Duxford's American Air Museum, which opened in 1997.[75][76]

The museum's Director-General is answerable to the trustees and acts as accounting officer. Since 1917 the museum has had six directors. The first was Sir Martin Conway, a noted art historian, mountaineer and explorer. He was knighted in 1895 for his efforts to map the Karakoram mountain range of the Himalayas, and was Slade Professor of Fine Arts at the University of Cambridge from 1901 to 1904. Conway held the post of Director until his death in 1937, when he was succeeded by Leslie Bradley. Bradley had served in the First World War in the Middlesex Regiment before being invalided out in 1917. He later became acquainted with Charles ffoulkes, who invited him to join the museum where he was initially engaged in assembling the museum's poster collection.[77] Bradley retired in 1960 and was succeeded by Dr Noble Frankland. Frankland had served as a navigator in RAF Bomber Command, winning a Distinguished Flying Cross. While a Cabinet Office official historian he co-authored a controversial official history of the RAF strategic air campaign against Germany. Frankland retired in 1982 and was succeeded by Dr Alan Borg who had previously been at the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts. In 1995 Borg moved to the Victoria and Albert Museum and was succeeded by Sir Robert Crawford, who had originally been recruited by Frankland as a research assistant in 1968. Upon Crawford's retirement in 2008 he was succeeded by Diane Lees, previously Director of the V&A Museum of Childhood. She was noted in the media as the first woman appointed to lead a British national museum.[78]

References

  1. ^ Imperial War Museum Duxford (2009) Historic Duxford. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  2. ^ «HMS "Belfast" (Hansard, 19 January 1978)». hansard.millbanksystems.com. Besøkt 21. august 2009. 
  3. ^ Frankland, Noble (1998) History at War: The Campaigns of an Historian (London: Giles de la Mare) p. 204 ISBN 978-1-900357-10-4
  4. ^ a b Holmes, Richard (2009) Churchill’s Bunker: The Secret Headquarters at the Heart of Britain’s Victory (London: Profile Books Ltd) p. 193 ISBN 978-1-84668-225-4
  5. ^ Kennedy, Maev (9 April 2003) The Guardian Restored underground apartments opened to public. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
  6. ^ Waterfield, Giles 'The Churchill Museum: Ministry of sound' Museum Practice No.30 (Summer 2005) pp. 18–21
  7. ^ Studio Daniel Libeskind Imperial War Museum North Accessed 16 July 2012
  8. ^ «Peel Holdings milestones». Manchester Evening News. 3. februar 2005. Besøkt 28. januar 2012. 
  9. ^ Glancey, Jonathan (22 April 2002) Guardian Unlimited War and peace and quiet. Retrieved 7 July 2009
  10. ^ Herbert, Ian (3 July 2002) The Independent Libeskind's war museum triumphs over cost-cutters. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  11. ^ Hughes, Matthew (Winter 2002) Institute of Historical Research: History in Focus The Imperial War Museum (North): The Triumph of Style over Substance?. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  12. ^ Worsley, Giles (29 June 2002) The Daily Telegraph A globe ripped to pieces. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
  13. ^ Martin, David 'Full metal jacket: Imperial War Museum North' Museum Practice No.21, December 2002, pp. 24–29
  14. ^ Imperial War Museum Photograph no. E 18980, Montgomery's Grant tank, office caravan, bedroom caravan, map caravan and staff car. Imperial War Museum Collections Search. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
  15. ^ The National Archives (2012). «Montgomery, Bernard Law (1887–1976) 1st Viscount Montgomery, Field Marshal». National Register of Archives: Person details: Archive details. Besøkt 26. januar 2012. 
  16. ^ a b 'Montgomery documents',The Times 8 July 1982, Issue 61280, page 2 column A
  17. ^ For an overview of the Museum's collections, see Bardgett, Suzanne 'Imperial War Museum and the history of war' at 'Making History' maintained by the Institute of Historical Research accessed 17 December 2008
  18. ^ Imperial War Museum (2012). «Private Papers of Field Marshal Sir John French». Imperial War Museum Collections Search. Besøkt 25. februar 2012. 
  19. ^ Richards, Anthony (2004). «Archive Report: The Department of Documents at the Imperial War Museum». Contemporary British History. Routledge. 18 (2): 103–112. doi:10.1080/1361946042000227751. 
  20. ^ Imperial War Museum (2012). «About the Collections: Documents». iwm.org.uk. Besøkt 11. august 2012. 
  21. ^ a b c d e f g h Imperial War Museum (2012). Imperial War Museum Annual Report and Account 2011–2012 (PDF). London: The Stationery Office. s. 62. ISBN 9780102976571. Besøkt 11. august 2012. 
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  29. ^ Imperial War Museum. «Gulf War 1991, John Keane's artistic record». archive.iwm.org.uk. Besøkt 11. august 2012. 
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  32. ^ Langlands & Bell. «The House of Osama bin Laden». www.langlandsandbell.com. Besøkt 11. august 2012. 
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  35. ^ 'The world’s first specialist—or non-fiction—film archive...is recognised as that of the Imperial War Museum'; editor's note in Trujillo, Iván (oktober 2003). Daudelin, Robert, red. «2003 FIAF Award to Ingmar Bergman» (PDF). Journal of Film Preservation. Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film – FIAF. 66: 33. Besøkt 22. desember 2010. 
  36. ^ '...perhaps the strongest claimant to being the first authentic, authorized film archive is Britain’s Imperial War Museum' in Jeavons, Clyde (April 2007). Daudelin, Robert, red. «The Moving Image: Subject or Object?» (PDF). Journal of Film Preservation. Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film – FIAF. 66: 25. Besøkt 22. desember 2010. 
  37. ^ For the early history of the Imperial War Museum film archive, see Smither, Roger; Walsh, David (2000). «Unknown Pioneer: Edward Foxen Cooper and the Imperial War Museum Film Archive 1919–1934». Film History. Indiana University Press. 12 (2): 187–203. JSTOR 3815371. 
  38. ^ Der Magische Gürtel (film). Europa Film Treasures. 
  39. ^ Haggith, Toby (2002). «D-Day Filming: For Real. A Comparison of 'Truth' and 'Reality' in "Saving Private Ryan" and Combat Film by the British Army's Film and Photographic Unit». Film History. Indiana University Press. 14 (3/4): 332–353. JSTOR 3815436. doi:10.2979/fil.2002.14.3-4.332. 
  40. ^ Caven, Hannah (2001). «Horror in Our Time: Images of the concentration camps in the British media, 1945». Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. Routledge. 21 (3): 205–253. doi:10.1080/01439680120069399. 
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  45. ^ «The National Collection of Aerial Photography: Links». aerial.rcahms.gov.uk. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. Besøkt 8. september 2012. 
  46. ^ 'Beaton's record of war revived', The Times, 7 October 1981, Issue 61049, page 7 column C
  47. ^ «Collection search for "bert hardy"». Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. Besøkt 28. august 2012. 
  48. ^ «Flag, Red Ensign, Canadian». Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. Besøkt 25. august 2012. 
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  53. ^ «Collections Search for "trench club"». Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. Besøkt 26. august 2012. 
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  55. ^ «Colt Government Model (civilian, 1911)». Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. Besøkt 26. februar 2012. 
  56. ^ «QF 13 pdr Mk 1 (Néry Gun)». Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. Besøkt 26. august 2012. 
  57. ^ «AEC B Type Bus (B43 Old Bill)». Collection Search. Imperial War Museum. Besøkt 18. februar 2012. 
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  59. ^ Gosling, Peter (October 2004) R.E.8 Restoration Flight Journal
  60. ^ Parsons, Gary (2005) 'TSR2 cubed' AirSceneUK.org.uk. Accessed 28 September 2009.
  61. ^ «ship, Coastal Motor Boat (CMB 4) – MAR 563». Collections Search. Imperial War Museum. Besøkt 26. august 2012. 
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  66. ^ Lance, David (oktober 1977). «Sound Archive of Recordings Opens to the Public». Social History. 2 (6): 803–804. JSTOR 4284738. doi:10.1080/03071027708567412. 
  67. ^ Peter Naughton (20. oktober 2012). «Podcast and Internet Radio previews: Voices of the First World War and Here’s the Thing». telegraph.co.uk. Besøkt 16. november 2012. 
  68. ^ Office of Public Sector Information Revised Statute from The UK Statute Law Database: Imperial War Museum Act 1920 (c.16). Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  69. ^ Office of Public Sector Information Revised Statute from The UK Statute Law Database: Imperial War Museum Act 1955 (c.14). Retrieved 14 April 2010.
  70. ^ Imperial War Museum (2012) Current Trustees. Retrieved 6 January 2012
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  72. ^ Imperial War Museum (September 2006) Imperial War Museum Corporate Governance Code. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
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  75. ^ Probert, Henry A. «Grandy, Sir John (1913–2004)». Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Besøkt 15. juli 2010. 
  76. ^ Barrass, M B (2001–2008). «Marshal of the RAF Sir John Grandy (32078)». Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation. Besøkt 15. juli 2010. 
  77. ^ 'Mr L. R. Bradley: Former Director of Imperial War Museum' (obituary) The Times 30 January 1968 p. 8
  78. ^ Heal, Sharon (January 2008) 'New chief at IWM revealed' Museums Journal 108/1 p. 8

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