Specisism: Diferență între versiuni

Specisismul (de asemenea întâlnit și ca supremație umană ) implică atribuirea de drepturi și valori diferite, sau de o atenție specială pentru indivizi, doar pe baza apartenenței lor la o anumită specie. Termenul este folosit mai ales de apărătorii drepturilor animalelor, care susțin că specisismul este un prejudiciu similar cu rasismul sau sexismul, în care tratamentul de indivizi este bazată pe apartenența la un grup și diferențele fizice irelevante din punct de vedere moral. Argumentul este că apartenența speciilor nu are nici o semnificație morală.

În media

În science-fiction și lucrările de fantezie, specisismul are un rol similar cu rasismul, discriminând alți savanți, ce se bazează pe un sentiment de superioritate. Aceasta variază de la ființe umane cu privire la ei înșiși ca fiind superiori altor ființe, alte ființe fiind superioare oamenilor, sau anumite ființe nonumane fiind superior ființe nonumane. Acest lucru poate avea loc în universuri terestre, extraterestre, extragalactice sau paralele.

Filme despre specisism

• The Animals Film (1981)
• Alien Nation (1988)
• Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991)
• A Cow at My Table (1998)
• Meet Your Meat (2002)
• Earthlings (2005)
• Behind the Mask (2006)
• District 9 (2009)
• Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home (2009)
• The Cove (2009)
• The Superior Human? (2012)
• Speciesism: The Movie (2012)

Vezi și

• Antropocentrism
• Ecologie profundă
• Veganism

Referințe și note

• Barlian, Y. Michael (2004). "Speciesism as a precondition to justice", Politics and the Life Sciences. Mar;23(1):22-33.</ref>
• Bekoff, Marc (2 April 2012). "The Superior Human? Who Do We Think We Are?", Psychology Today.
• Best, Steven (2 April 2012). "Now Online! Debut of New Anti-Speciesist Film, The Superior Human?", drstevebest.wordpress.com.
• Blackburn, Simon (1994). "Speciesism," Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford University Press.
• Cohen, Carl. (1986). "The case for the use of animals in biomedical research," The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 315, No. 14.
• Cohen, Carl and Regan, Tom (2001). The Animal Rights Debate. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
• Diamond, Cora (2004). "Eating Meat and Eating People," in Cass Sunstein and Martha Nussbaum. Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions. Oxford University Press.
• Dawkins, Richard (1993). "Gaps in the mind", in Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer (eds.). The Great Ape Project. St. Martin's Griffin, 1993, pp. 81-87.
• Dawkins, Richard (1996) [1986]. The Blind Watchmaker. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
• Dawkins, Richard (7 December 2007). "Richard Dawkins - Science and the New Atheism", interview.
• Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. Ideas that changed the world.
• Frey, R. G. (1983). Rights, Killing and Suffering. Blackwell.
• Graft, D. (1997). "Against strong speciesism," Journal of Applied Philosophy, Vol.14, No. 2.
• Gray, J. A. (1990). "In defense of speciesism," Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol. 13 No. 1.
• Holden, Andrew (2003). "In Need of New Environmental Ethics for Tourism?" Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 94–108.
• Karcher, Karin (2009) [1998]. "Great Ape Project," in Marc Bekoff. Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. Greenwood.
• Lafollette, Hugh and Shanks, Niall. "The Origin of Speciesism", Philosophy, Vol. 71, No. 275 (Jan., 1996), pp. 41-61; courtesy link.
• Lee, Richard B. and Daly, Richard Heywood. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers.
• Noddings, Nel (Winter 1991). "Comment on Donovan's 'Animal Rights and Feminist Theory'", Signs, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 418-422.
• Peikoff, Leonard (1991). Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand.
• Perry, Constance K. (June 2001). "A Compassionate Autonomy Alternative to Speciesism," Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, Volume 22, Number 3.
• Ryder, Richard D. (1971). "Experiments on Animals," in Stanley and Roslind Godlovitch and John Harris. Animals, Men and Morals. Victor Gollanz, pp. 41–82.
• Ryder, Richard D. (2000) [1989]. Animal Revolution. Berg.
• Ryder, Richard D. (2009) [1998]. "Speciesism," in Marc Bekoff. Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. Greenwood.
• Ryder, Richard D. (2010). "Speciesism Again: The Original Leaflet", Critical Society, Spring, Issue 2.
• Scully, Matthew (2003). Dominion: The Power of Man, the Suffering of Animals, and the Call to Mercy. St. Martin's Griffin.
• Singer, Peter (1990) [1975]. Animal Liberation. New York Review/Random House.
• Starr, Sandy. "What Makes Us Exceptional?", Spiked Science.
• Staudenmaier, Peter (March 2003). "Ambiguities of Animal Rights", Communalism: International Journal for a Rational Society', Issue 5.
• Sztybel, David (2006). Can the Treatment of Animals Be Compared to the Holocaust? Ethics & the Environment - Volume 11, Number 1, Spring, pp. 97-132.
• Tuohey, John (1992). "Fifteen years after Animal Liberation: Has the animal rights movement achieved philosophical legitimacy?", Journal of Medical Humanities, Volume 13, Number 2, June.
• Vardy, P. and Grosch, P. (1999). The Puzzle of Ethics. Harper Collins.
• Waldau, Paul (2001). The Specter of Speciesism: Buddhist and Christian Views of Animals. Oxford University Press, pp. 5, 23–29.
• Waldau, Paul (2009) [1998]. "Speciesism: Historical Views," in Marc Bekoff. Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. Greenwood.
• Wise, Steven M. (2004). "Animal Rights, One Step at a Time," in Cass Sunstein and Martha Nussbaum. Animal Rights: Current Debates and New Directions. Oxford University Press.

Lectură suplimentară

• BBC (2012). "The ethics of speciesism".
• Dunayer, Joan. 2004. Speciesism. Ryce Publishing: Illinois. ISBN 0-9706475-6-5
• Geoghegan, Tom (29 March 207). "Should apes have human rights?", BBC News Magazine.
• Nibert, David (2003). "Humans and other animals: sociology's moral and intellectual challenge", International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp. 4–25.
• Ryder, Richard D. Victims of Science: The Use of Animals in Research. Davis-Poynter, 1975.
• Oscar Horta (2010). "What Is Speciesism" Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, Volume 23, Issue 3, pp. 243-266.
• Frederik Kaufman (1998). "Speciesism and the Argument from Misfortune" Journal of Applied Philosophy, Volume 15, Issue 2, pp. 155-163.
• Anti-speciesism
• Les Cahiers Antispécistes (în Franceză)
• Liberazioni (în Italiană)
• Discussion between Peter Singer and Richard Dawkins