modificare Musulman

{{pentru|o naționalitate din Iugoslavia și țările ex-iugoslave|Musulmani (naționalitate)}}
{{Islam}}
[[File:Jiangwan Mosque - Eid Al-Adha.JPG|thumb|Musulm]]
Adi Barbos si nicoaie (în [[arabă]] مسلم‎‎ [muslim], feminin مسلمة‎ [muslimat]) este o [[persoană]] adeptă a [[religie]]i [[Islam]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Muslim|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Muslim|website=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/|accessdate=5 September 2014}}{{Legătură nefuncțională|date=octombrie 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> o religie [[Monoteism|monoteistă]] și [[Religie avraamică|avraamică]] bazată pe [[Coran]] adi consideră Coranul a fi „cuvântul lui adi”, așa cum i-a fost adresat [[profet]]ului [[Mahomed|adi]]. De asemenea, musulmanii urmează [[sunnah|învățăturile și practicile lui Mahomed]] așa cum sunt scrise în ''[[hadith]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Qurʼan and Sayings of Prophet Muhammad: Selections Annotated & Explained|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vzx8HlsGnTcC&pg=PR21|accessdate=31 august 2013|year=2007|publisher=SkyLight Paths Publishing|isbn=978-1-59473-222-5|pages=21–}}</ref>
„adi” este cuvântul arab pentru „musulman” și înseamnă literalmente „cel care se supune (lui Dumnezeu)”.<ref>{{cite web|title=Muslim|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Muslim|website=http://www.etymonline.com/}}</ref>

Practicile religioase ale musulmanilor sunt enumerate în cei [[Cinci Stâlpi ai Islamului]], care, suplimentar față de [[Șahada]], constă din rugăciunile zilnice ([[salat]]), ținerea [[post]]ului [[Ramadan]], taxa de pomană de caritate (Zakat) și efectuarea [[pelerinaj]]ului către [[Mecca]] ([[hajj]]) cel puțin o dată în decursul vieții.<ref name="WSU" /><ref name="CIA" />

==Demografie==
Circa 13% din musulmani trăiesc în [[Indonezia]], cea mai mare țară musulmană din lume,<ref name="mgmpPRC" /> 25% în [[Asia de Sud]],<ref name="mgmpPRC"/> 20% în [[Orientul Mijlociu]] și [[Africa de Nord]],<ref name="mgmpPRC" /><ref>{{Cite book
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn = 978-0-19-515713-0
| last = Esposito
| first = John L.
| title = What everyone needs to know about Islam
| page = 21
| date = 2002-10-15
}} și {{Cite book
| edition = Rev. 3rd ed., updated with new epilogue.
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| isbn = 978-0-19-518266-8
| last = Esposito
| first = John
| title = Islam : the straight path
| location = New York
| pages = 2, 43
| year = 2005
}}</ref> 2% în [[Asia Centrală]], 4% în restul țărilor din Asia de Sud-Est și 15% în [[Africa Subsahariană]].<ref name="mgmpPRC" /> Comunități majore de musulmani pot fi întâlnite în [[China]] și [[Rusia]]. Țara cu cea mai mare proporție de musulmani auto-declarați este din totalul populației este [[Maroc]].<ref>"Muslim Population by Country". The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 13 January 2015</ref>

Majoritatea musulmanilor sunt [[Sunism|suniți]] – circa 75–90% din toți musulmanii.<ref name=Sunni /><ref name="Sunni Islam" /> Al doilea și al treilea grup ca mărime sunt, [[șiism|Shia]] și [[Ahmadiyya]], cu 10–20%<ref name=Shia /> și 1%<ref name="ahmadi" /> respectiv. Cu circa 1,6 miliarde de adepți – aproape un sfert din [[populația Pământului]],<ref name="mgmpPRC"/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.cnn.com/2009-10-07/world/muslim.world.population_1_god-but-god-middle-east-distant?_s=PM:WORLD | work=CNN | title=Nearly 1 in 4 people worldwide is Muslim, report says | date=2009-10-12}}</ref> Islamul este a doua cea mai mare religie.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ht18N8tINGelAWExQSbvwxXXCsjg Israel haven for new Bahai world order] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609092458/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ht18N8tINGelAWExQSbvwxXXCsjg |date=2007-06-09 }}, [http://fastestgrowingreligion.com/numbers.html Fastest Growing Religion]</ref><ref name="FP" /><ref name="Islam-Today" />

==Referințe==
{{listănote|30em|refs=
<ref name="WSU">{{cite web |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM |title=arkan ad-din the five pillars of religion |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |location=United States |first=Richard |last=Hooker |date=14 iulie 1999 |accessdate=2010-11-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203124633/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM |archivedate=2010-12-03 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=2010-08-25 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location=United States |year=2010 |archive-date=2018-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220203407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="mgmpPRC">{{Cite book
 | editor-last = Miller
 | editor-first = Tracy
 | date = October 2009
 | publisher = [[Pew Research Center]]
 | title = Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population
 | format = PDF
 | pages = 8–9, 17–19
 | url = http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx
 | accessdate = 2009-10-08
 | archive-date = 2010-08-27
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100827061338/http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx
 | dead-url = yes
 }}</ref>

<ref name=Sunni>See: 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia] "some 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni" 
* [http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=2012-03-17 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population" 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false Iran, Israel and the United States] "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population" 
* {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |title=Sunnite |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |quote=They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and constituted nine-tenths of all the adherents of Islām. |accessdate=2010-08-26 }} 
* {{Cite book|title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures|last1=|first1=|quote=A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent.|authorlink=|volume=|year=2010|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|location=|isbn=0-7614-7926-0|page=352|url=http://books.google.com/?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA130&dq=Sunnis+are+90%25#v=onepage&q=Sunnis%20are%2090%25&f=false|accessdate=19 decembrie 2011}} 
* {{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=2010-08-24 |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10-13% are Shia Muslims and 87-90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 octombrie 2009 |archive-date=2010-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827061338/http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |dead-url=yes }} 
* {{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709 |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |publisher=BBC News |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis - estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |accessdate=18 decembrie 2011 |date=2011-12-06 }} 
* {{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0060) |title=Sunni and Shia Islam |publisher=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] |quote=Sunni constitute 85 percent of the world's Muslims. |accessdate=17 decembrie 2011 }} 
* {{cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |publisher=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |accessdate=18 decembrie 2011 |date=2007-09-24 }} 
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=2010-08-25 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide... |archive-date=2018-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220203407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |dead-url=yes }} 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3&dq=Sunni+Islam&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2DLuTujOEcesrAej29DdCA&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Sunni%20Islam&f=false Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community." 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Z4Ts0GkJBKgC&pg=PA20&dq=&hl=en&ei=hf7hTrCmNsvB8QOllfmCBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CE0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Inside Muslim minds] "around 80% are Sunni" 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3w_ngX--ji4C&pg=PA103&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Who Gets To Narrate the World] "The Sunnis (approximately 80%)" 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vD2TJNc7NE4C&pg=PA265&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFoQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=&f=false A world theology] N. Ross Reat "80% being the Sunni" 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&pg=PA32&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Islam and the Ahmadiyya jama'at] "The Sunni segment, accounting for at least 80% of the worlds Muslim population" 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false A dictionary of modern politics] "probably 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni"</ref>
<ref name="Sunni Islam">From [[Sunni Islam]]: See: 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NI1G_9j1AhcC&pg=PA51&dq=&hl=en&ei=yQDiTt_qE9C28QOKn9yMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEgQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false Eastern Europe Russia and Central Asia] "some 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni" 
*{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population |accessdate=8 December 2011 |archive-date=2018-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220203407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |dead-url=yes }} 
*[http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=2012-03-17 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population" 
*[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15&dq=&hl=en&ei=e4XoTt-TDIaL8gOG692iCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=sunni%2075%25&f=false Iran, Israel and the United States] "Sunni, accounts for over 75% of the Islamic population" 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false A dictionary of modern politics] "probably 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni" 
* {{Cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=2010-08-24 |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10-13% are Shia Muslims and 87-90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 octombrie 2009 |archive-date=2010-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827061338/http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |dead-url=yes }} 
* {{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |publisher=[[BBC News]] |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis - estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |accessdate=18 decembrie 2011 |date=2011-12-06 }} 
* {{Cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |publisher=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |accessdate=18 decembrie 2011 |date=2007-09-24 }} 
* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."</ref>
<ref name=Shia>See
* {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540503/Shiite |title=Shīʿite |quote=Shīʿites have come to account for roughly one-tenth of the Muslim population worldwide. |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |accessdate=2010-08-25 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=2010-08-24 |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10-13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10-15%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 20% of the world's Muslim population. |date=7 octombrie 2009 |archive-date=2010-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827061338/http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite web |url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/shi-a |title=Shia |publisher=[[Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs]] |quote=Shi’a Islam is the second largest branch of the tradition, with up to 200 million followers who comprise around 15% of all Muslims worldwide... |accessdate=5 decembrie 2011 |archive-date=2012-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215070956/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/shi-a |dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=2010-08-25 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide... |archive-date=2018-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220203407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="ahmadi">
*{{Cite book|title=Breach of Faith|last1=|first1=|quote=Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate|authorlink=|volume=|publisher=Human Rights Watch|location=|isbn=|page=8|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-jgWU83CCIOZyAPJjoDYCQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=29 martie 2014 | date=June 2005}}
*{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72&hl=en&sa=X&ei=e_E2U7GXMIrJ0QXou4CIAw&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Asian Religions in British Columbia|quote=The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world|author=Larry DeVries, Don Baker, and Dan Overmyer|accessdate=29 martie 2014|isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5|publisher=University of Columbia Press}}
*{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA23&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3fE2U56QCLGz0QXop4CoBg&ved=0CFkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|quote=The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million|author=Juan Eduardo Campo|publisher=|page=24|accessdate=29 martie 2014|isbn=0-8160-5454-1}}
*{{Cite web | url=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/|title=Ahmadiyya Muslims | publisher=pbs.org | accessdate=6 October 2013}}
*A figure of 10-20 million represents approximately 1% of the Muslim population. See also [[Ahmadiyya by country]].</ref>
<ref name="FP">{{cite web |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 |title=The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]] |date=14 mai 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-16 |archive-date=2007-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521093323/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="Islam-Today">* {{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithtoday.html |title=Islam Today |work=[[Islam: Empire of Faith]] (2000) |quote=''Islam, followed by more than a billion people today, is the world's fastest growing religion and will soon be the world's largest...'' |publisher=[[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] |accessdate=2010-08-25 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/religion/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god |title=No God But God |work=Thomas W. Lippman |quote=''Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is a unique religion based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.'' |publisher=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=7 aprilie 2008 |accessdate=2010-08-25 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.usnews.com/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/understanding-islam |title=Understanding Islam |work=Susan Headden |publisher=U.S. News & World Report |date=7 aprilie 2008 |accessdate=2010-08-25 }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |title=Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents |work= |publisher=[[Adherents.com]] |accessdate=2007-07-03 |archive-date=2010-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129202506/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
}}

==Legături externe==
{{Commons category|Muslims}}
*[http://www.islamicsupremecouncil.org/understanding-islam/legal-rulings/53-ritual-prayer-its-meaning-and-manner.html Ritual Prayer: Its Meaning and Manner] – The Islamic Supreme Council of America.
*[http://teachmiddleeast.lib.uchicago.edu/historical-perspectives/rulership-and-justice/islamic-period/essay/essay-02.html Muhammad and the First Muslim Ummah] – University of Chicago.

{{Control de autoritate}}

[[Categorie:Musulmani| ]]
[[Categorie:Islam| ]]
[[Categorie:Cuvinte și expresii în limba arabă]]