Musulman: Diferență între versiuni

'''Musulmanul''' (în [[arabă]] مسلم‎‎ [muslim], feminin مسلمة‎ [muslimat]) este o [[persoană]] adeptă a [[religie]]i [[Islam]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Muslim|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Muslim|website=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/|accessdate=5 September 2014}}{{Legătură nefuncțională|date=octombrie 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> o religie [[Monoteism|monoteistă]] și [[Religie avraamică|avraamică]] bazată pe [[Coran]]. Musulmanii consideră Coranul a fi „cuvântul lui Dumnezeu”, așa cum i-a fost adresat [[profet]]ului [[Mahomed]]. De asemenea, musulmanii urmează [[sunnah|învățăturile și practicile lui Mahomed]] așa cum sunt scrise în ''[[hadith]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Qurʼan and Sayings of Prophet Muhammad: Selections Annotated & Explained|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vzx8HlsGnTcC&pg=PR21|accessdate=31 august 2013|year=2007|publisher=SkyLight Paths Publishing|isbn=978-1-59473-222-5|pages=21–}}</ref>

Majoritatea musulmanilor sunt [[Sunism|suniți]] – circa 75–90% din toți musulmanii.<ref name=Sunni /><ref name="Sunni Islam" /> Al doilea și al treilea grup ca mărime sunt, [[șiism|Shia]] și [[Ahmadiyya]], cu 10–20%<ref name=Shia /> și 1%<ref name="ahmadi" /> respectiv. Cu circa 1,6 miliarde de adepți – aproape un sfert din [[populația Pământului]],<ref name="mgmpPRC"/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.cnn.com/2009-10-07/world/muslim.world.population_1_god-but-god-middle-east-distant?_s=PM:WORLD | work=CNN | title=Nearly 1 in 4 people worldwide is Muslim, report says | date=2009-10-12}}</ref> Islamul este a doua cea mai mare religie.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ht18N8tINGelAWExQSbvwxXXCsjg Israel haven for new Bahai world order] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609092458/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5ht18N8tINGelAWExQSbvwxXXCsjg |date=2007-06-09 }}, [http://fastestgrowingreligion.com/numbers.html Fastest Growing Religion]</ref><ref name="FP" /><ref name="Islam-Today" />

<ref name="WSU">{{cite web |url=http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM |title=arkan ad-din the five pillars of religion |publisher=[[Washington State University]] |location=United States |first=Richard |last=Hooker |date=14 iulie 1999 |accessdate=2010-11-17 |archiveurl=httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20101203124633/http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/5PILLARS.HTM <!--Added by H3llBot--> |archivedate=2010-12-03 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="CIA">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=2010-08-25 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location=United States |year=2010 |archive-date=2018-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220203407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

* [http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=2012-03-17 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population"

* {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/574006/Sunnite |title=Sunnite |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |quote=They numbered about 900 million in the late 20th century and constituted nine-tenths of all the adherents of Islām. |accessdate=2010-08-26 }}

* {{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=2010-08-24 |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10-13% are Shia Muslims and 87-90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 octombrie 2009 }}

* {{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709 |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |publisher=BBC News |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis - estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |accessdate=18 decembrie 2011 |date=2011-12-06 }}

* {{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+af0060) |title=Sunni and Shia Islam |publisher=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]] |quote=Sunni constitute 85 percent of the world's Muslims. |accessdate=17 decembrie 2011 }}

* {{cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |publisher=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |accessdate=18 decembrie 2011 |date=2007-09-24 }}

* {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=2010-08-25 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide... |archive-date=2018-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220203407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |dead-url=yes }}

* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qHXbGOUuF9YC&pg=PA252&dq=&hl=en&ei=5wHiTpzMGMrT8gPIl52FBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CEMQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=world%20muslim%2080%25%20sunni&f=false A dictionary of modern politics] "probably 80% of the worlds Muslims are Sunni"</ref>

*{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population |accessdate=8 December 2011 |archive-date=2018-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220203407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |dead-url=yes }}

*[http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran Sue Hellett;U.S. should focus on sanctions against Iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317195234/http://www.galesburg.com/newsnow/x917961022/Sue-Hulett-U-S-should-focus-on-sanctions-against-Iran |date=2012-03-17 }} "Sunnis make up over 75 percent of the world's Muslim population"

* {{Cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=2010-08-24 |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10-13% are Shia Muslims and 87-90% are Sunni Muslims. |date=7 octombrie 2009 }}

* {{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6213248.stm |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |publisher=[[BBC News]] |quote=The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis - estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. |accessdate=18 decembrie 2011 |date=2011-12-06 }}

* {{Cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |publisher=[[USA Today]] |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |accessdate=18 decembrie 2011 |date=2007-09-24 }}

* [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide] "Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community."</ref>

* {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540503/Shiite |title=Shīʿite |quote=Shīʿites have come to account for roughly one-tenth of the Muslim population worldwide. |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |accessdate=2010-08-25 }}

* {{cite web |url= http://pewforum.org/Muslim/Mapping-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |accessdate=2010-08-24 |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10-13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10-15%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 20% of the world's Muslim population. |date=7 octombrie 2009 }}

* {{cite web |url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/shi-a |title=Shia |publisher=[[Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs]] |quote=Shi’a Islam is the second largest branch of the tradition, with up to 200 million followers who comprise around 15% of all Muslims worldwide... |accessdate=5 decembrie 2011}}{{dead link|archive-date=June 2012-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215070956/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/shi-a |dead-url=yes }}

* {{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |title=Religions |accessdate=2010-08-25 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |quote=Sunni Islam accounts for over 75% of the world's Muslim population... Shia Islam represents 10-20% of Muslims worldwide... |archive-date=2018-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220203407/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="FP">{{cite web |url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 |title=The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]] |date=14 mai 2007 |accessdate=2010-05-16 |archive-date=2007-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070521093323/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

* {{cite web |url=http://www.pbsusnews.orgcom/empiresarticles/islamnews/faithtoday.htmlreligion/2008/04/07/no-god-but-god |title=IslamNo TodayGod But God |work=[[Islam:Thomas EmpireW. of Faith]]Lippman (2000)|quote=''Islam is the youngest, followedthe byfastest moregrowing, thanand ain billionmany peopleways today,the isleast complicated of the world's fastestgreat growingmonotheistic faiths. It is a unique religion based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and willChristianity, soonincorporating besome of the world'steachings largest..of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.'' |publisher=[[PublicU.S. BroadcastingNews Service|PBS& World Report]] |date=7 aprilie 2008 |accessdate=2010-08-25 }}

* {{cite web |url=http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/religion/articles/2008/04/07/no-god-butunderstanding-godislam |title=NoUnderstanding God But GodIslam |work=ThomasSusan W. Lippman |quote=''Islam is the youngest, the fastest growing, and in many ways the least complicated of the world's great monotheistic faiths. It is a unique religion based on its own holy book, but it is also a direct descendant of Judaism and Christianity, incorporating some of the teachings of those religions—modifying some and rejecting others.''Headden |publisher=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=7 aprilie 2008 |accessdate=2010-08-25 }}