Changing Rijksmuseum

{{Infobox museum
| name             = [[File:Logo Rijksmuseum.svg|frameless|upright=0.8|Rijksmuseum]]
| image            = File:Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.jpg
| alt              = Façade of the Rijksmuseum as seen from the Museum Square
| coordinates      = {{coord|52.36000|4.885278|type:landmark_region:NL|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| established      = 31 May 1800<ref name="history">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/organisation/history-of-the-rijksmuseum History of the Rijksmuseum], Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 4 April 2013.</ref>
| location         = Museumstraat 1<ref name="address">
[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/general-information/address-and-route Address and route], Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 4 April 2013.</ref><br />[[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
| type             = [[National museum]]<br />[[Art museum]]<br />[[History museum]]
| collection       = 1 million objects<ref name="renovation"/>
| visitors         = {{unbulleted list|2.20 million (2016)<ref name="visitors2016">{{in lang|nl}} Jasper Piersma, "[http://www.parool.nl/kunst-en-media/van-gogh-museum-zit-rijks-op-de-hielen-als-populairste-museum~a4441426/ Van Gogh Museum zit Rijks op de hielen als populairste museum]", ''[[Het Parool]]'', 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2016.</ref>|2.35 million (2015)<ref name="visitors2015">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/4beec038-f802-44e2-97d2-c974a7b79bd8/RM-JVS-2015.pdf Jaarverslag 2015] (in Dutch), Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref>|2.47 million (2014)<ref name="visitors2014">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/d9e1071a-647f-4d1b-ac10-186c6f768088/RM-JVS-2014.pdf Jaarverslag 2014] (in Dutch), Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref>|Ranked&nbsp;1st&nbsp;nationally&nbsp;(2014)<ref name="nlranking2014">{{in lang|nl}} Claudia Kammer & Daan van Lent, "[http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2014/12/31/musea-trokken-dit-jaar-opnieuw-meer-bezoekers/ Musea trokken dit jaar opnieuw meer bezoekers]", ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', 2014. Retrieved on 18 July 2015.</ref>|Ranked&nbsp;19th&nbsp;globally&nbsp;(2014)<ref name="worldranking2014">[http://www.museus.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/TheArtNewspaper_Ranking2014.pdf Top 100 Art Museum Attendance], ''[[The Art Newspaper]]'', 2015. Retrieved on 18 July 2015.</ref>}}
| director         = Taco Dibbits<ref name="boards">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/organisation/organisation-chart/supervisory-board-and-board-of-directors Board of Directors], Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 4 April 2013.</ref>
| president        = [[Jaap de Hoop Scheffer]]<ref name="boards"/>
| publictransit    = [[Tram]]: {{nowrap|2 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 2.svg|11px|Tram line 2]]}}, {{nowrap|5 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 5.svg|11px|Tram line 5]]}}, {{nowrap|7 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 7.svg|11px|Tram line 7]]}}, {{nowrap|10 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 10.svg|11px|Tram line 10]]}}, {{nowrap|12 [[File:Amsterdam tramlijn 12.svg|11px|Tram line 12]]}}
Bus: 26, 65, 66, 170, 172, 197<ref name="address"/>
| website          = [http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/ www.rijksmuseum.nl]
}}

The '''Rijksmuseum''' is a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[museum]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The beginning|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/organisation/history-of-the-rijksmuseum|website=History of the Rijksmuseum|publisher=Rijksmuseum|accessdate=2 February 2018}}</ref> It is run by the government and focused on the [[arts]] and [[history]] of [[Amsterdam]]. The museum is located in [[Amsterdam]] <ref>[http://www.iamsterdam.com/sitecore/content/Data/Uitbureau/Locations/Museumplein?sc_lang=en-GB Museumplein] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813042229/http://www.iamsterdam.com/sitecore/content/Data/Uitbureau/Locations/Museumplein?sc_lang=en-GB |date=13 August 2012 }}, I Amsterdam. Retrieved 4 April 2013.</ref>

The Rijksmuseum was opened in [[The Hague]] in 1800. It then moved to Amsterdam in 1808. The current main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885.<ref name="renovation">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/renovation/the-renovation The renovation], Rijksmuseum. Retrieved on 4 April 2013.</ref> In 2013 and 2014, it was the most visited museum in the Netherlands. It is also the largest art museum in the country.

The museum has 8,000 items that can be seen by those who go to it. This is out of a total of 1 million items. The collection includes items by [[Rembrandt]], [[Frans Hals]], and [[Johannes Vermeer]]. The museum also has a small collection of [[Asia]]n items.<ref name="renovation"/>

==History==
===18th century===
[[File:Isaac Gogel.jpg|thumb|left|Isaac Gogel (1765–1821)]]

The year 1795 marked the start of the [[Batavian Republic]]. One of the members of the new government was Isaac Gogel. He suggested a new national museum, like the French [[The Louvre|Louvre]]. On 19 November 1798, the government agreed to the museum.<ref name="history"/><ref name="nrc">{{in lang|nl}} Roelof van Gelder, [http://retro.nrc.nl/W2/Lab/Profiel/Rijksmuseum/schatkamer.html Schatkamer met veel gezichten], 2000. Retrieved 15 April 2013.</ref>

On 31 May 1800, the new museum opened. It was at first known as the National Art Gallery ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Nationale Kunst-Galerij''). It had about 200 paintings and other items. These came from the collections of the Dutch [[stadtholder]]s.<ref name="history"/><ref name="nrc"/>

===19th century===
In 1806, the [[Kingdom of Holland]] was [[wiktionary:simple:established|established]] by [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]]. It replaced the Batavian Republic. In 1808, the museum moved to Amsterdam as ordered by [[Louis Bonaparte]]. After the move, more paintings were added. These included ''[[Night Watch (painting)|The Night Watch]]'' by [[Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn|Rembrandt]].<ref name="history"/>

In 1863, there was a design contest for a new building for the museum. None of the [[wiktionary:simple:submission|submissions]] were selected.<ref name="bma1">{{cite web
  | title = Stadhouderskade 42. Rijksmuseum (1876/85)
  | work = Monumenten en Archeologie in Amsterdam
  | publisher = [[Amsterdam (municipality)|City of Amsterdam]]
  | url = http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksmuseum.html
  | accessdate = 1 April 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070209104451/http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksmuseum.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 9 February 2007|language=nl}}</ref>

In 1876, a new contest was held and this time Pierre Cuypers won. His design was a mix of [[gothic architecture|gothic]] and [[renaissance]]. The work on the new building start on 1 October 1876. It opened on 13 July 1885.<ref name="bma1"/>{{dead link|date=January 2016}}

In 1890, another building was added a short distance to the south-west of the Rijksmuseum. This one was made out of pieces of [[wiktionary:simple:demolished|demolished]] buildings. It has since become known as the 'fragment building'. It is also known as the 'south wing' and is currently (in 2013) [[wiktionary:simple:branded|branded]] as  the ''Philips Wing''.

===20th century===
[[File:Afscheid van Neerlands kunstschatbewaarder Weeknummer 59-49 - Open Beelden - 31178.ogv|thumb|Dutch news from 1959]]

In 1906, the hall for the ''[[Night Watch (painting)|Night Watch]]'' was rebuilt.<ref name="bma1"/> More changes were made between the 1920s and 1950s. In the 1960s extra rooms and floors were built. Other changes and fixes were done in 1984, 1995–1996 and 2000.<ref name="bma2">{{cite web
  | title = Stadhouderskade 42. Rijksmuseum (1876/85). Interieur
  | work = Monumenten en Archeologie in Amsterdam
  | publisher = [[Amsterdam (municipality)|City of Amsterdam]]
  | url = http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksi.html
  | accessdate = 1 April 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070202201716/http://www.bma.amsterdam.nl/adam/nl/msp/rijksi.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2 February 2007|language=nl}}</ref>

The south wing of the museum was repaired in 1996.<ref>''A new art: photography in the 19th century. The photo collection of the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam'', edited by curators Mattie Boom and Hans Rooseboom, preface by Peter Schatborn and Ronald de Leeuw, essays by Jan Piet Filedt Kok, Mattie Boom, Hans Rosenboom, Robbert van Venetie, Hedi Hegeman, Andreas Blühm, Saskia Asser and Annet Zondervan, Rijksmuseum & Van Gogh Museum, 1996, {{ISBN|9053491937}}</ref>

===21st century===
[[File:Atrium Rijksmuseum Amsterdam 02.jpg|thumb|The atrium after the repairs in 2013]]

In December 2003, the main building was closed for repair. During these repairs, about 400 items could still be viewed in the south wing. These included [[Rembrandt]]'s ''The Night Watch'' and other 17th-century paintings.<ref>{{cite web
 |title        = Final Design The New Rijksmuseum
 |work         = The New Rijksmuseum
 |publisher    = Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
 |url          = http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/hetnieuwerijksmuseum/definitief-ontwerp?lang=en
 |accessdate   = 1 April 2007
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20090919133348/http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/hetnieuwerijksmuseum/definitief-ontwerp?lang=en#
 |archive-date = 19 September 2009
 |url-status     = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}</ref>

The repairs were completed on 16 July 2012. On 13 April 2013, the main building was opened again.

== Building ==
The main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and opened in 1885. It has two squares with an atrium in each centre. The Rijksmuseum is a national heritage site since 1970.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/php/main.php?cAction=show&cOBJnr=5680 Monumentnummer: 5680] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140306092445/http://monumentenregister.cultureelerfgoed.nl/php/main.php?cAction=show&cOBJnr=5680 |date=2014-03-06 }}, [[Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed]]. Retrieved on 6 March 2014.</ref>

<gallery>
File:Trippenhuis Amsterdam interior 003.jpg|The Rijksmuseum was in the Trippenhuis building between 1817 and 1885.
File:P.J.H. Cuypers Rijksmuseum perspective.jpg|Drawing of the design by Pierre Cuypers in 1876.
File:Rijksmuseum Amsterdam ca 1895.jpg|Front of Cuypers' building, about 1895.
File:Museo Nacional, Ámsterdam, Países Bajos, 2016-05-30, DD 16-18 HDR.jpg|View of the [[facade]] by night.
File:Amsterdam 2016 Rijksmuseum.webm|Video of the Rijksmuseum (2016).
</gallery>

==Collection==
The collection has 1 million items of [[arts]], [[crafts]], and [[history]]. These come from the years 1200 to 2000. Around 8000 of these items can be viewed in the museum.<ref name="renovation"/>

The collection has more than 2,000 [[painting]]s from the [[Dutch Golden Age]]. Some are from notable painters such as [[Jacob van Ruisdael]], [[Frans Hals]], [[Johannes Vermeer]], [[Jan Steen]], [[Rembrandt]], and Rembrandt's students.<ref name="renovation"/>

The museum also has a small Asian collection.<ref name="renovation"/>

It also displays the [[stern]] of [[HMS Royal Charles (1655)|HMS ''Royal Charles'']] which was captured in the [[Raid on the Medway]], and the [[Hartog plate]].

In 2012,<ref>{{cite web|title=Rijksmuseum lanceert Rijksstudio|url=http://creativecommons.nl/2012/10/31/rijksmuseum-lanceert-rijksstudio/|website=Creative Commons Nederland|accessdate=30 July 2015|language=nl|archive-date=9 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409100122/http://creativecommons.nl/2012/10/31/rijksmuseum-lanceert-rijksstudio/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the museum made 125,000 [[high-resolution]] images available for download.<ref>[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio Rijkstudio] promotes and enables the reuse of the Rijksmuseum collection.</ref> It plans to add another 40,000 images per year until the entire collection is available.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nina Siegal |title=Masterworks for One and All |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/arts/design/museums-mull-public-use-of-online-art-images.html?adxnnl=1&ref=todayspaper&adxnnlx=1369842073-mpR6CFhG/PEY5pGGJfuDXw |work=The New York Times |date=28 May 2013 |accessdate=28 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |people=Erik Boekesteijn |date=12 April 2013 |title=TWIL #94: Peter Gorgels (Internet Manager Rijksmuseum) |series=This Week In Libraries |medium=Video podcast |url=http://www.thisweekinlibraries.com/?p=520 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720095444/http://www.thisweekinlibraries.com/?p=520 |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 July 2013 |accessdate=11 June 2013 |publisher=Shanachiemedia |location=Amsterdam }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Frans Hals - Wedding portrait of Isaac Abrahamsz Massa and Beatrix van der Laan.jpg|''Portrait of a Young Couple'' (1622) by [[Frans Hals]]
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Jeremia treurend over de verwoesting van Jeruzalem - Google Art Project.jpg|''Jeremiah Lamenting the Destruction of Jerusalem'' (1630) by [[Rembrandt]]
File:Frans Hals, De magere compagnie.jpg|''The Meagre Company'' (1633–37) by [[Frans Hals]] and [[Pieter Codde]]
File:The Nightwatch by Rembrandt.jpg|''[[The Night Watch]]'' (1642) by [[Rembrandt]]
File:Bartholomeus van der Helst, Banquet of the Amsterdam Civic Guard in Celebration of the Peace of Münster.jpg|''Banquet at the Crossbowmen’s Guild in Celebration of the Treaty of Münster'' (1648) by [[Bartholomeus van der Helst]]
File:De bedreigde zwaan Rijksmuseum SK-A-4.jpeg|''The Threatened Swan'' ({{circa}} 1650) by [[Jan Asselijn]]
File:Johannes Vermeer - Het melkmeisje - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Milkmaid]]'' ({{circa}} 1657–58) by [[Johannes Vermeer]]
File:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn - Portret van een paar als Oud-Testamentische figuren, genaamd 'Het Joodse bruidje' - Google Art Project.jpg|''The Jewish Bride'' ({{circa}} 1667) by [[Rembrandt]]
File:Portret van een meisje in het blauw Rijksmuseum SK-A-3064.jpeg|''Girl in a Blue Dress'' (1641) by [[Johannes Cornelisz Verspronck]]
File:Jacob Isaacksz. van Ruisdael - Landschap met waterval - Google Art Project.jpg|''Landscape with Waterfall'' (1660s) by [[Jacob van Ruisdael]]
</gallery>

== Visitors ==
{|- class="wikitable" 
!year||visitors||rowspan="11"  style="background:transparent"|&nbsp;||year||visitors||rowspan="11"  style="background:transparent"|&nbsp;||year||visitors
|-
|1975||1,412,000<ref name="visitors1975">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/nu-in-het-museum/nieuws/openingsjaar-rijksmuseum-breek-alle-records Openingsjaar Rijksmuseum breek alle records] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228175959/https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/nu-in-het-museum/nieuws/openingsjaar-rijksmuseum-breek-alle-records |date=28 December 2013 }}, Rijksmuseum, 2013. Retrieved on 2013-12-27.</ref>
|2000||1,146,438<ref name="ar2001">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/8ca436c7-cc0c-4b88-8d35-8edcd3bbba8d/Jaarverslag-2001.pdf Jaarverslag 2001], Rijksmuseum, 2002. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2010||896,393<ref name="ar2011"/>
|-
! colspan="2" |
|2001||1,015,561<ref name="ar2001"/>
|2011||1,010,402<ref name="ar2011"/>{{efn|This includes the 16,777 visitors to the main building.}}
|-
|1992||1,216,103<ref name="visitors1993"/>{{efn|In 1993, the visitors number had decreased with 23% to 936,400, i.e. there were approximately 1,216,103 visitors in 1992.}}
|2002||1,100,488<ref name="ar2003">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/ffa3b4ec-6787-4be8-9186-c946af10e2c3/Jaarverslag-2003.pdf Jaarverslag 2003], Rijksmuseum, 2004. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2012||894,058<ref name="jaarverslag2012">[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/6f1a1857-a468-4269-b90e-1624fa6880a3/Jaarverslag-2012.pdf Jaarverslag 2012] (in Dutch), Rijksmuseum. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref>
|-
|1993||936,400<ref name="visitors1993">{{in lang|nl}} "[https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/1994/01/06/museumbezoek-in-1993-sterk-gedaald-7209156-a774983 Museumbezoek in 1993 sterk gedaald]", ''[[NRC Handelsblad]]'', 1994. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</ref>
|2003||833,450<ref name="ar2003"/>{{efn|The main building was closed from 7 December 2003.}}
|2013||2,246,122
|-
|1994||1,002,000<ref>{{in lang|nl}} "[http://www.volkskrant.nl/archief/nieuwe-musea-hadden-in-1995-een-goede-start~a419237/ Nieuwe musea hadden in 1995 een goede start]", ''[[de Volkskrant]]'', 1996. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</ref><ref name="visitors1995"/>{{efn|In 1995, the visitor number had decreased with 60,000 to 942,000, i.e. there were approximately 1,002,000 visitors in 1994.}}
|2004||812,102<ref name="ar2005">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/755acf26-5c0e-4836-b7b6-26ca100320f6/Jaarverslag-2005.pdf Jaarverslag 2005], Rijksmuseum, 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2014||2,474,352<ref name="visitors2014"/>
|-
|1995||942,000<ref name="visitors1995">{{in lang|nl}} "[http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/5009/Archief/archief/article/detail/2728791/1996/01/04/Grote-musea-trokken-in-1995-minder-bezoekers.dhtml Grote musea trokken in 1995 minder bezoekers]", ''[[Trouw]]'', 1996. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</ref>
|2005||842,586<ref name="ar2005"/>
|2015||2,345,666<ref name="visitors2015"/>
|-
|1996||1,275,000<ref>{{in lang|nl}} [http://www.volkskrant.nl/vk/nl/2676/Cultuur/archief/article/detail/502621/1997/01/03/Rijksmuseum-en-Kunsthal-trekken-veel-bezoekers.dhtml Rijksmuseum en Kunsthal trekken veel bezoekers], ''[[de Volkskrant]]'', 1997. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2006||1,142,182<ref name="ar2011">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/f5944e19-f43b-4d9b-a262-88be09b3c9ab/Jaarverslag-2011.pdf Jaarverslag 2011], Rijksmuseum, 2012. Retrieved on 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2016||2,200,000 (est.)<ref name="visitors2016"/>
|-
|1997||1,084,652<ref name="ar1998">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/f3897b4b-4781-4d74-a84b-4e2367c2a2f0/Jaarverslag-1998.pdf Jaarverslag 1998], Rijksmuseum, 1999. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2007||969,561<ref name="ar2011"/>
|-
|1998||1,229,445<ref name="ar1999">{{in lang|nl}} [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/downloads/f0f62a71-e73d-442f-a7b6-e08ac79c69b2/Jaarverslag-1999.pdf Jaarverslag 1999], Rijksmuseum, 2000. Retrieved 25 April 2013.</ref>
|2008||975,977<ref name="ar2011"/>
|-
|1999||1,310,497<ref name="ar1999"/>
|2009||876,453<ref name="ar2011"/>
|}

== Restaurant ==
Rijks, [[wiktionary:simple:stylized|stylized]] as RIJKS®, is a restaurant in the Philips Wing.<ref>Brooke Bobb, "[http://www.vogue.com/13421177/best-museum-restaurants-guggenheim-moma-rijksmuseum/ Go for the Art, Stay for the Food: The 7 Best Museum Restaurants Around the World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113010253/http://www.vogue.com/13421177/best-museum-restaurants-guggenheim-moma-rijksmuseum/ |date=2017-01-13 }}", ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2017.</ref> Joris Bijdendijk has been the [[chef]] since the opening in 2014.<ref>"[http://www.parool.nl/stadsgids/joris-bijdendijk-verantwoordelijk-voor-nieuwe-restaurant-rijksmuseum~a3750344/ Joris Bijdendijk verantwoordelijk voor nieuwe restaurant Rijksmuseum]", ''[[Het Parool]]'', 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2017.</ref> The restaurant was awarded a [[Michelin star]] in 2017.<ref>"[http://www.parool.nl/stadsgids/michelinster-voor-amsterdamse-restaurants-rijks-bolenius-en-mos~a4432467/ Michelinster voor Amsterdamse restaurants Rijks, Bolenius en Mos]", ''[[Het Parool]]'', 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2017.</ref>

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Other websites==
{{commons and category|Rijksmuseum Amsterdam}}
*[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en Rijksmuseum], official website

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1800 establishments]]
[[Category:1800s establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:19th-century establishments in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Art museums]]
[[Category:Museums in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:National museums]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Amsterdam]]