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In 1905, he went to a [[military]] school in [[Karlsruhe]]. He got his [[Abitur]], and an officer exam, in 1912. He then went to the [[Bavaria]]n Prinz Wilhelm Regiment (112th Infantry) in [[Mulhouse]].<ref>{{Cite book | author = Zentner, Christian | title = The Second World War. A lexicon | location = Vienna | page = 212 | language = German}}</ref>
In 1905, he went to a [[military]] school in [[Karlsruhe]]. He got his [[Abitur]], and an officer exam, in 1912. He then went to the [[Bavaria]]n Prinz Wilhelm Regiment (112th Infantry) in [[Mulhouse]].<ref>{{Cite book | author = Zentner, Christian | title = The Second World War. A lexicon | location = Vienna | page = 212 | language = German}}</ref>
He was also a cool guy to work with


== First World War ==
== First World War ==

Revision as of 21:51, 26 January 2011

Hermann Göring, 1932

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (12 January 1893 in Rosenheim, Upper Bavaria, Bavaria, Germany – 15 October 1946 in Nuremberg, Middle Franconia, Bavaria, Germany) was a German politician and military leader of Germany.[1] Between 1932 and 1945, he was President of the German Reichstag and also a minister of the Third Reich, under Adolf Hitler. In the Second World War, he was the Commander-in-Chief of the German air force.[1] Göring was responsible for the creation of the concentration camps and the Gestapo, the official secret Nazi police. In 1941, he gave Reinhard Heydrich the order to arrange the Final Solution to kill millions of Jews.

Göring was one of the 25 people charged at the Nuremberg Trials. The court decided he was guilty. The judgment on 1 October 1946 said that he was to be hanged, but he killed himself by eating cyanide poison before his execution.[2]

Early life

Hermann Göring in 1907

Hermann Göring, son of Ernst Heinrich Göring and Franziska Göring (born Tiefenbrunn), was born in Rosenheim, Bavaria. Göring's father was a judge. The German chancellor Otto von Bismarck made Ernst Göring the first Reichskommissar (Governor-General) of South West Africa (today: Namibia), in 1885.[3]

Hermann Göring had two brothers, Albert Göring and Karl Ernst Göring, and two sisters, Olga Therese Sophie Göring and Paula Elisabeth Rosa Göring.[4]

He spent the first three years of his life at the home of a friend of his mother, because Göring's father was in Namibia.[3] From 1901, he lived at his godfather Hermann von Epenstein's mansion. Hermann's mother had an affair (a romantic relationship with someone other than her husband) with von Epenstein.[5] He attended the grammar schools in Fürth and Ansbach. In the games he played as a child, the story was always about war.[6]

In 1905, he went to a military school in Karlsruhe. He got his Abitur, and an officer exam, in 1912. He then went to the Bavarian Prinz Wilhelm Regiment (112th Infantry) in Mulhouse.[7]

First World War

When the First World War started, Göring had the rank of Lieutenant. He served in the infantry. In 1915, because of his rheumatism, he had to go to a hospital.[8] His friend, Bruno Loerzer, got him to join the air force. In France, he flew as an observer, a person who looked for targets and enemy planes. Because of this, he was awarded the Iron Cross First Class in 1915.[9] In 1916, he was trained to fly a plane. On 14 March 1916, he shot down his first bomber. In 1917, he became the leader of the 27th Flying Group.[9] In 1918, after he shot his 19th plane, he was awarded the Pour le Mérite (also called "The Blue Max"). This was the highest airforce award in Germany.[10] After the death of Manfred von Richthofen, he became the leader of the flying group "The Red Baron".[9]

Weimar Republic

Between 1919 and 1921, Göring worked as a stunt pilot in Scandinavia. In November 1922, he met Adolf Hitler and became a member of the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP).[9] Göring married Carin in Stockholm on 3 February 1923.[11] In 1923, he took part in the Beer Hall Putsch and was wounded. After this, he went to Austria. Because of pain, a doctor injected him with morphine but he became dependent on it.[12] Between 1925 and 1926, he had two treatments in Sweden at the Långbro mental hospital.[13] He came back to Germany in 1927.[14] In 1928, he became a member of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic.[15] He was a member of the Reichstag until the end of the Second World War.[9] In 1932, the NSDAP became the most powerful party of the Reichstag. Göring then became president of the Reichstag.[14]

Göring during the Third Reich

Hermann Göring (left) and Adolf Hitler (right) in 1939

When Hitler became chancellor of the Third Reich in 1933, he made Göring a minister of the Reich without a specific area of responsibility. This means that he was not the head of a ministry. In April 1933, he was made minister president of Prussia. Then, on 30 August 1933, he was made a General by Paul von Hindenburg.[9] Between 1934 and 1935 he became minister of several agencies. On 10 April 1935, he got married the second time to Emmy Sonnemann in Berlin.[16] In 1936, he sent the German Condor Legion to Spain to help Francisco Franco. After the Kristallnacht in 1938, he was in charge of Jewish businessmen getting removed from the German economic system.[14] During Second World War, his biggest defeat was the loss of the air battle against Great Britain.[14] Hitler named Göring to be his successor if he died in 1939.[17]

In 1940, he was made Reichsmarschall (Marshal of the Empire) by Adolf Hitler.[12][17] In 1941, Göring ordered Heydrich to make a plan for the Holocaust.[18] In 1942, he gave Fritz Sauckel the order to use the Russian population for industry-work.[19] In 1943, Göring had an expensive birthday party for his 50th birthday.[9] On 20 April 1945, he left Hitler's birthday party and went to Berchtesgaden. He told Hitler that he had important things to do in south Germany.[20] From Berchtesgaden, Göring sent a telegram to Hitler in Berlin. In the telegram Göring asked about taking over the affairs of state.[9] Towards the end of the war, after the telegram, he started to talk with the Allies. Because of this, Hitler wanted to put Göring in prison. Göring then went to the Americans.[14]

On 29 April 1945 Hitler removed Göring from all his offices. He wrote this down in his testament.[21]

After the war

Detention report and mugshots of Hermann Göring

Göring surrendered in Bavaria on 9 May 1945. The Nuremberg Trials started on 20 November 1945.[16] On 18 March 1946, Göring was questioned by the Allies.[22] After this, he was imprisoned in Nuremberg. He was the third-highest-ranking Nazi official tried at Nuremberg. Only Reich President (former Großadmiral) Karl Dönitz and former Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess had higher ranks than Göring. The judges decided he was guilty. Because of this on 1 October 1946 the court reached a verdict that he was to be hanged. One day before he was to be hanged, he committed suicide by taking a tablet of cyanide. It is not known how Göring got the cyanide or how long he hid it but there was a claim that he was given it by an American soldier who was in love with a German woman who was in touch with him.[23][24] It is not known if this is the truth.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Hermann Göring". Rokas Pukinskas. Retrieved 24-07-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  2. ↑ "Hermann Göring". thirdreich.net. Retrieved 24-07-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Block, Maxine (1971). Current Biography: Who's News and Why 1941. New York: H. W. Wilson. p. 327–330.
  4. ↑ Erich Brandenburg (1995). Die Nachkommen Karls Des Grossen (in German). Neustadt/Aisch: Degener. ISBN 3768651029.
  5. ↑ Arno Gruen (2002). Der Fremde in uns (in German). Munich: dtv. p. 164.
  6. ↑ Arno Gruen (2002). Der Fremde in uns (in German). Munich: dtv. p. 168.
  7. ↑ Zentner, Christian. The Second World War. A lexicon (in German). Vienna. p. 212.
  8. ↑ "Hermann Göring - German Ace of WWI, CO of Richthofen Group - Head of Luftwaffe and Hitler's Right-Hand Man in WWII". Acepilots.com. Retrieved 24-07-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 "Görings biography in table form" (in German). Retrieved 04-06-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  10. ↑ "The Blue Max Medal: A brief history of the Red Baron Pour Le Merite". www.speedace.info. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
  11. ↑ "Biography of Carin Göring". findagrave.com. Retrieved 24-07-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Hermann Wilhelm Göring" (in German). TU Berlin. Retrieved 23-04-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  13. ↑ "Field-Marshal Göring". 109 Lenin Imports. Retrieved 24-07-2007. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 "The biography of Hermann Göring in "Meine Bibliothek"" (in German). Klaus Hylla. Retrieved 04-06-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  15. ↑ Reichtagshandbuch "Guide of the Reichstag" (in German). Bavarian States Library. Retrieved 04-06-2009. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Hermann Göring". Institute for Historical Review. Retrieved 25-07-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Biography of Reichsmarschall Herman Goering". euronet.nl. Retrieved 25-07-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  18. ↑ "IMT – Hearing of Hermann Göring by Robert H. Jackson". Towiah Friedmann. Retrieved 04-06-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  19. ↑ "Göring's biography" (in German). Nikolas Dikigoros. Retrieved 25-07-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  20. ↑ Misch, Rochus (2008). Der letzte Zeuge (in German). Zurich and Munich. p. 195f.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  21. ↑ "NS-Archive – documents: Adolf Hitler: political testament 1945. p. 7" (in German). Adolf Hitler. Retrieved 04-06-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  22. ↑ "Brockhaus". Bibliographisches Institut & F. A. Brockhaus AG (in German). 2007.
  23. ↑ "The soldier, his sweetheart and the suicide of Hermann Goering - Europe, World - The Independent". The Independent. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  24. ↑ "Guard 'gave Goering suicide pill'". BBC News. 8 February 2005. Retrieved 2009-03-20.

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